Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Chandipura Virus in India: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Review.","authors":"Neeraj Pawar, Aswani Kumar Seth","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_236_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_236_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging arbovirus in India, primarily transmitted by sandflies and associated with outbreaks of acute encephalitis in children. First identified in 1965 in Maharashtra, CHPV has since been linked to Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in several states, including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh. The virus predominantly affects children under 15 years, particularly in rural areas with poor housing conditions, and is most prevalent during the monsoon season when sandfly activities are high. Its clinical presentation includes a rapid-onset febrile illness progressing to encephalitis, often with a high case fatality rate. Diagnostic challenges arise due to similarities with other arboviral infections, complicating outbreak management. Current public health interventions emphasize vector control, environmental sanitation, and community awareness, though the lack of specific antiviral treatment and vaccines remains a significant barrier. This review highlights the need for improved surveillance, diagnostic tools, and vaccine development to mitigate the potential public health impact of CHPV in India. A One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health, is crucial for the effective management and prevention of CHPV outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-leishmanial activity of Nano-Emodin on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis both in vivo and in vitro studies.","authors":"Mehrnaz Khodadadi, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Aroona Chabra, Bahareh Basirpour, Hadi Hassannia","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_122_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_122_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that can lead to chronic ulcerative wounds. The low efficacy and high cytotoxicity of current treatments for leishmaniasis are important health issues. This study assessed the anti-leishmanial effects of stem bark extract of Rhamnus cathartica (R. cathartica) and Nano-Emodin (NE) against Leishmania major (L. major) in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Emodin was prepared chemically and physically, and was formulated into nanoliposomes at concentrations of 25-400 μg /ml. The activity of nanoliposomes were evaluated in vitro and in vivo on cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Results were analyzed using Prism and SPSS software. Statistical significance was determined using t-test and ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the anti-parasitic effect of Nano-emodin increased time and dose-dependently both in vivo and in vitro. 400 μg/ml of NE showed the highest inhibitory effects on L. major promastigotes. Also, this concentration could reduce the number of L. major amastigotes. Furthermore, the results of histopathological investigation indicated that all concentrations of nano-emodin had no nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Considering the excellent anti-leishmanial effect of emodin nanoliposomes in addition to the non-toxicity, it can be concluded that this natural compound can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating anti-CHIK IgM and qualitative RT-PCR for diagnosing Chikungunya in hospitalized patients: A comparative analysis of diagnostic efficacy.","authors":"Mohd Afzal, Abhishek Sharma, Ashok Kumar Sah, M Chandrasekar","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_125_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_125_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus characterized by a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, and it is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Prompt and precise diagnosis is essential for efficient clinical treatment, monitoring, and public health initiatives aimed at controlling CHIKV spread. Diagnostic methods include reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serological assays, with lateral flow chromatographic immunoassays frequently used to detect IgM antibodies. The aim of this study is to compare the RT-PCR and chikungunya IgM antibody detection Methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A diagnostic comparative study was conducted within the Pathology department at Aarogyam Hospital in Roorkee, Uttarakhand. In this study, two types of diagnostic methods were employed. Blood samples were obtained for the lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay IgM Combo Rapid test and the Chikungunya RT-PCR. Statistical data analysis was conducted by using GraphPad and MS Excel 2010.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 50 suspected chikungunya patients. The mean age of participants was 35.6±6.627 (mean±SD) within 7-75 yrs age groups. There were 26 men and 24 women among the participants. Out of the 50 patients, 27 were identified as chikungunya positive.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The study reveals the complimentary nature of RT-PCR and IgM chromatographic methods in the diagnosis of Chikungunya. While RT-PCR is excellent for confirming current infections, IgM chromatographic methods provide important information on the immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Insecticide-Treated Net Utilization among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Butiama District, Tanzania.","authors":"Magnus Michael Sichalwe, Shadya Ramadhan Mhinte, Regnald Raymond Kimaro","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_213_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_213_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Malaria remains a major cause of illness and death among under-five children in Tanzania, particularly in Butiama, a rural area in the Mara region, where high prevalence persists despite prevention efforts. This study examined predictors of ITN use among caregivers of under-five children in Butiama, aiming to strengthen malaria prevention and improve child health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with multistage sampling to select 384 caregivers of children under five from the Butiama District. Data were collected from April to May 2024 using a structured Swahili questionnaire on the Kobo Toolbox. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, starting with data cleaning and completeness checks. Univariate analysis included descriptive statistics, while bivariate analysis assessed relationships between categorical variables. Multivariate analysis identified predictors at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 82.3% owned a mosquito net, and 50.8% used it the night before the study. Female-headed households were 3.6 times more likely to use ITNs than male-headed ones (AOR=3.572, 95% CI [1.675-7.618], P=0.001). Awareness of immediate ITN use post-delivery increased likelihood by 2.9 times (AOR=2.918, 95% CI [1.868-7.159], P=0.044). Primary-educated individuals were 2.3 times more likely to use ITNs than those with none or primary incomplete (AOR=2.281, 95% CI [1.001-5.618], P=0.017). Self-employed individuals were 36.6% less likely to use ITNs than peasants or homemakers (AOR=0.366, 95% CI [0.161-0.835], P=0.037).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>This study reported a 50.8% ITN usage rate, below the national average. Key predictors of ITN use included being female, having primary education, and being aware of the correct timing for use. Targeted interventions, such as education campaigns and gender-sensitive strategies, are needed to improve ITN adoption and malaria prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotypic and genotypic profile of dengue virus outbreaks in India between 2011 and 2017.","authors":"Ashvini Kumar Yadav, Divya Namdeo, Prashant Khare, Shashwati Nema, Abhijit Pakhare, Rashmi Chowdhary, Debasis Biswas","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_101_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_101_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidemiology of dengue has been demonstrating significant changes in recent years, with rising incidence of infection in countries with known endemicity and occurrence of fresh outbreaks in previously unaffected territories. India, which has been a traditional hotspot dengue virus (DENV) transmission in the endemic south-east Asian region, has been affected by the sweeping changes in dengue epidemiology. Two remarkable developments characterize the alterations witnessed by India from 2011-2017. First, all parts of the country have witnessed abrupt replacement of existing DENV lineages with emerging novel strains. Second, co-circulation of multiple serotypes of DENV have been reported from all across the country from 2011-2017; thereby hinting at the transition of the country towards hyper-endemicity. Considering the potential clinical implications of such epidemiological transformation in terms of increasing involvement of pediatric patients and growing predisposition to serious complications, the present review provides an update on the serotypic and genotypic profile of dengue outbreaks that have been witnessed by different zones of India between 2011 and 2017. Dividing the country into northern, southern, eastern, western, central and north-eastern zones, we describe discrete zone-specific distribution patterns of DENV serotypes and genotypes and observe simultaneous circulation of different DENV strains in different parts of the country. Random shifts in the genetic characteristics of the circulating strains and widespread co-circulation of all four serotypes underscore the need for undertaking continuous and representative molecular surveillance of the circulating DENV strains across the country for prompt identification of emerging strains and novel mutants; gain insights into the formulation of dengue vaccines and develop a clearer understanding of the molecular basis of immune evasion, disease epidemiology and pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological parameters as predictors of severe dengue: A study from northern districts of West Bengal, India.","authors":"Sudipta K Roy, Bappaditya Ghosh, Ayan Chakraborty, Santanu Hazra, Bidyut K Goswami, Soumen Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_119_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_119_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>A hike in dengue cases was recorded in last two years, resulting from both single and multiple-serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) and secondary infections, culminating in significant hospitalizations and deaths in India. This study focuses on evaluating symptomatic and haematological parameters in acute dengue patients of the northern part of West Bengal to predict disease severity early on and to analyze the correlation between circulating DENV serotypes with severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dengue patients (N=540) diagnosed as NS1 positives were categorized into 13.7% severe DHF (N=74) and 86.3% mild DF (N=466) and prediction of risk was done using logistic regression. DENV RNA was isolated from blood, converted to cDNA, and detected/serotyped via RT-qPCR by using DENV specific primers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 14.48% (N=11) patients showed single serotypic (DENV2 or DENV3) infection of dengue. In contrast, multi-serotypic infections (N=65) with the prevalence of DENV-2 and DENV-3 co-infections were found among the dengue patients, affecting severe changes in the most critical haematological parameters such as haematocrit and platelet count. The multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed that only six parameters viz., age (p=0.032), presence of joint pain (p=0.015), Haemoglobin level (p<0.001), total RBC count (p=0.024), total WBC count (p=0.003), lymphocyte% (p=0.019) were found to be significantly associated with the risk of DHF.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Most prevalent DENV-2 and DENV-3 infections significantly impact haematocrit and platelet counts in the study region. Our prediction model, incorporating age, joint pain, haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, and lymphocyte, may effectively predict dengue severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of diverse musical genres on blood-feeding and mating behavior in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","authors":"Chew Yan Ni, Nur Faeza Abu Kassim, Noor Moukhni Ayub, Sara Abdelrahman Abuelmaali, Abadi M Mashlawi, Hamady Dieng","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_111_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_111_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Sound plays an important role in mosquito foraging and sexual interactions. Mosquitoes utilize acoustic signals for host location, sexual recognition, and mating, which is achieved through the rhythmic beating of their wings to generate distinct sounds characterized by specific flight tone frequencies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, electronic music (Tremor by Dimitri Vegas, Martin Garrix and Like Mike) and country music (Country Road by John Denver) were played in high and low volumes to investigate the influence of different genres of music on the blood feeding and mating responses of Aedes aegypti . The observations encompassed monitoring the landing attempts, blood-feeding endeavors, and mating behavior of Ae. aegypti.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-volume electronic and country music with elevated pitch and amplitude significantly reduced host attacks and blood-feeding attempts by female mosquitoes compared to low-volume or music-off conditions.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>However, significant reduction of successful copula was only observed in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed under electronic music with high volume. As transmission of dengue is through blood feeding and mating, this discovery may open new possibilities for developing music-based control strategies against mosquito-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue fever complicated with bilateral Psoas hematoma and superadded infection: A case report.","authors":"Nonita Thockchom, Rajat Sharma, Prasan Kumar Panda, Avneet Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_193_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_193_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) typically presents with various bleeding manifestations such as epistaxis, gum bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding. However, spontaneous large muscle hematoma formation is a rare complication. This case report discusses a patient with DHF who developed bilateral psoas muscle hematomas, a very uncommon presentation. The patient experienced acute abdominal pain and was diagnosed with psoas muscle hematomas complicated by bacterial infection. Conservative treatment, including fluid management, blood transfusions, and antibiotics, led to the patient's full recovery. This case highlights the importance of suspecting muscle hematomas in DHF patients who present with sudden abdominal or flank pain, especially in the context of dropping hemoglobin and platelet counts. Imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and CT scans are critical for diagnosis. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and appropriate conservative management are essential for preventing serious outcomes. Prompt treatment of any secondary infections is crucial for patient recovery. This case report reminds clinicians to consider a rare complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"242-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of AYUSH-SL in patients receiving mass drug administration for treatment of chronic inflammatory lymphedema: A doubleblind placebo-controlled multicentric study.","authors":"Achintya Mitra, Gurucharan Bhuyan, C Muralikrishna, S M Naser, K K Ratha, G Babu, B Venkateswarlu, Sujata Dhoke, Chiranjib Bagchi, Renu Singh, Arunabh Tripathi, Rakesh Rana, B S Sharma, Shruti Khanduri, Bharti Gupta, Bcs Rao, Adarsh Kumar, M M Padhi, N Srikanth, K S Dhiman, Santanu K Tripathi","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_61_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_61_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>A 2.5-year placebo-controlled double-blind trial was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of AYUSH-SL, a poly-herbal ayurvedic formulation on filarial lymphedema in different endemic areas of India. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by parasitic nematodes from Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or B. timori that are transmitted through mosquitoes. In Ayurveda, LF has been elaborately narrated under the heading Shlipada and literature also includes detailed therapeutic measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multicenter, prospective, parallel group interventional study in which 180 participants were recruited within the duration through competitive enrollment. Diagnosed cases of Grade I and Grade II filarial lymphedema of Grade I and Grade II (lower extremities) were included in the trial. The study group was treated with mass drug administration and AYUSH-SL or its placebo tablet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group had received mass drug administration and a matching placebo. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in edema calculated for analysis by percentage reduction from baseline at the 4 th , 12 th and 24 th week. Secondary outcome measures included improved quality of life (QoL), which was assessed using the Lymphatic Filariasis Specific QoL Questionnaire, and prevention of recurrence of acute episodes, which was evaluated by investigating the presence and severity of episodes in the past four weeks. The water displacement method for the evaluation of the efficacy of the intervention was shown to be highly significant compared to the baseline value (right leg; 3071.60±970.482, 2828.40±829.339, p<0.001and left leg; 3158.69±1136.391, 2890.73±1077.475, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>There was significant improvement of Quality of Life in the LF QoL Questionnaire (p<0.001) at each follow-up visit in both groups. Safety estimations on hematologic and biochemical parameters were within limits and or changes were not significant. The results revealed that AYUSH-SL is safe and effective for lymphatic filariasis due to its comprehensive anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-allergic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"202-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of artificial intelligence for quantifying Plasmodium berghei in blood samples of infected mice.","authors":"Noha Talal Zelai","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_86_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_86_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>In malaria infection, quantifying blood parasitemia is a critical step for evaluating the severity of the disease. This has generally been conducted manually, and thus its accuracy depends on technician expertise. There is an urgent need for an automated technique to overcome manual errors. The aim of this study was to find an alternative method for counting malaria blood parasitemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the accuracy of automated counting using QuPath compared to manual counting. GraphPad Kappa evaluated agreement between high and low parasitemia in both counting methods using Cohen's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QuPath was revealed to be a promising method that has fair agreement and no statistically significant differences compared to manual counting.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Automated quantification is suggested to be a time and effort-saving technique and therefore is a worthwhile alternative to manual counting.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}