Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Reworking the treatment of Indian Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A two-step therapy.","authors":"Sushruta Kathuria, Yugansh Gautam, Niti Khunger, Shruti Sharma, Ruchi Singh","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_205_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_205_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current scenario, treatment of Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is intravenous liposomal amphotericin B or oral miltefosine. Over the years, there has been a gradual decline in the efficacy of miltefosine and a rise in permanent loss of vision. Moreover, in non-endemic states of India, miltefosine is not freely available. In view of this, we attempted a two-step regimen of liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole to treat two patients of PKDL diagnosed on histopathology as well as PCR. We found this treatment to be highly effective with complete recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"248-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current prospects of green-metallic nanoparticles in mosquito control: A brief review.","authors":"Monalisa Pramanik, Priya Roy","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_17_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_17_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) transmit many pathogens and parasites such as viruses, bacteria, protozoans and nematodes, which cause serious diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya fever, encephalitis and filariasis. Traditionally, control of these mosquitoes has relied on the use of several chemical insecticides. These insecticides have been used to control various life stages of mosquitoes, but some of these insecticides are causing harm to the environment, human, plants and animals which in turn cause environmental pollution. Presently, nanoparticles are thought to be used as an effective insecticide. Most of the nanoparticles having insecticidal properties are prepared through green synthesis method, where extracts from plants, fungi, bacteria, and even dead insects have been efficaciously employed to decrease or kill mosquito population. Biological and green synthesis methods have resulted in the production of less toxic or nontoxic and sustainable nanoparticles for further application in mosquito control. The evaluation of green chemistry or biological techniques for synthesizing metal NPs from plant extracts and other biological organisms has drawn the attention of many researchers. This review explores the usefulness of green synthesized metal nanoparticles on larvae, pupae and adults of mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating the fight towards malaria elimination: Bridging gaps to achieve health equity in India.","authors":"Vani H Chalageri, B M Shrinivasa, N Sujith Nath, Prerana Nandish, Anup Anvikar","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_92_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_92_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria continues to remain a serious threat to public health, especially in regions with socio-economic and healthcare disparities. The work attempts to contextualize the current scenario of malaria transmission, the advancement made towards its elimination and the multi-dimensional strategies that may be required to overcome cultural and regional barriers; with a focus on India's goal to eliminate malaria by 2030. The epidemiological spread of malaria across the country is nuanced; wherein an overall reduction of malaria cases recorded over the years (signifying success) could be juxtaposed with more concentration of cases in certain regions. These areas with higher transmission rates are majorly populated by vulnerable social categories like communities living in and near isolated areas, forests, and mountainous regions. This disproportionate distribution signifies the need for focused interventions that take into account localised cultural contexts. Obstacles like drug-resistant strains of parasites, insecticide resistance being developed by vectors and the limitations of existing diagnostic tools are also discussed in the context of socio-demographic changes like urbanization and migration. As India is moving towards elimination phase, health equity has been identified as a key concern. Ensuring equitable access to diagnostic tools, curative facilities and preventive measures becomes key for malaria elimination. In addition to a strong healthcare system, community level involvement engendering community ownership is put forth as a key factor for the success of interventions. Opportunities to improve these efforts through the incorporation of cutting-edge technology, like drone surveillance for vector control and artificial intelligence for diagnosis and rapid identification and response to outbreak have also been brought to the fore. This work emphasizes the significance of an equity-focused approach to malaria elimination, integrating innovative tools and engendering community level cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"129-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Anopheles mosquito breeding habitats for malaria vector control in Mazowe and Shamva districts, Zimbabwe.","authors":"David Singleton Nyasvisvo, Tamuka Nhiwatiwa, Rudo Sithole, Shadreck Sande","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_85_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_85_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Area-specific identification and studies of Anopheles breeding habitat diversity, distribution, and productivity in different seasons are important in designing and advancing effective malaria vector control according to the local context and needs. This study identified and characterized Anopheles breeding habitats for targeted control of malaria vectors in Mazowe and Shamva districts of Zimbabwe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Mazowe and Shamva districts between April and December 2023. Habitat productivity and physicochemical parameters were measured. Anopheles larvae were collected, reared to adults, and identified using morphological keys. SPSS software was used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA, Fisher's exact, Pearson's correlation, and simple linear regression tests were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven different types of Anopheles breeding habitats were identified from 56 sites. The highest mean density of larvae was recorded in stream edge pools during the post-rainfall period. Anopheles pretoriensis (67.4%), An. gambiae s.l. (23.1%), An. rufipes (9.2%) and An. coustani (0.38%) were breeding in the study area. An. pretoriensis bred in all habitat types, An. coustani in swamps only while An. gambiae s.l. and An. rufipes preferred stream edge pools, roadside pools, and hoof prints. There was a significant positive correlation between larval density and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.535; p < 0.001) and conductivity (r = 0.288; p = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Size, origin, and type of breeding habitat were positive indicators for different Anopheles species in the study area. Potential malaria vector breeding habitats should be targeted for larval control under the current malaria control and elimination phases in the two districts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic and ecological factors responsible for distribution of Phlebotomine sandflies and occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Himachal Pradesh, India.","authors":"Suman Lata, Gaurav Kumar, Bharat Bhakuni, Sandhya Kumari, Ramesh C Dhiman","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_117_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_117_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Subalpine valley along the Sutlej River has been identified as an endemic focus for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) state in India. The present study was undertaken with the aim to find out the climatic and ecological determinants responsible for distribution of sandflies and occurrence of CL in Himachal Pradesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Collections of sandflies were made in the Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur districts of H.P. during 2017 and 2019. The climatic data were procured from Indian Meteorological centre, Shimla (H.P). The satellite images (Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS)-Linear imaging self-scanner (LISS)-IV sensor multispectral data) having resolution of 5.8m were procured from National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad, India. The relationship between the incidence of CL and Land Use was analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 332 sandflies were collected. The transmission of CL was favoured by temperatures exceeding 20°C over a period of six months, specifically from April to September. The valley with an elevation ranging between 1000 to 1250 meters reported 90% of the CL cases. The correlation between CL incidence and land use patterns revealed a notable rise in barren land (8%) and scrub land (5%) from 2013 to 2017.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The findings reveals that specific meteorological conditions and land cover play a significant role in determining the presence of sandflies in Himachal Pradesh. To effectively control CL, it is recommended to implement control programs primarily between June and September, focusing particularly on regions with elevations ranging from 1000 to 1250 meters.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"62 2","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage and evaluation survey of post-mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in four endemic districts of Uttar Pradesh: Are we on the track?","authors":"Sourabh Paul, Aswani Kumar Seth, Neeraj Pawar, Abhay Singh, Mukesh Shukla, Bhola Nath","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_102_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_102_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>There is a persistent high microfilaria rate and variable reporting of coverage of Mass Drug Administration (MDA). This study aims to estimate the coverage, effective coverage, and compliance of drugs administered under MDA and determine the predictors affecting effective coverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Amethi, Lucknow, Raebareli and Sultanpur districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study participants were selected using multi-stage random sampling using Probability Proportional to Estimated Size (PPES). The coverage, effective coverage and compliance of drugs were presented as proportion. The multivariable logistic regression model was applied to identify the significant predictors for effective coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4151 participants, 997 (24.0%), 340 (8.2%), 1158 (27.9%) and 1656 (39.9%) belonged to Amethi, Lucknow, Raebareli and Sultanpur districts, respectively. The coverage ranged from 49.8% to 87.9% and effective coverage ranged from 51.8% to 73.2% across districts. The compliance was the poorest (70.7%) in Sultanpur. The source of information about MDA, gender of the study participants and area of residence emerged as predictors for effective coverage in the districts.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The effective coverage was poor with good drug compliance across the districts. There is a need for a well-designed pre-MDA campaign addressing the fear of side effects of drugs and emphasizing the presence of the community during the MDA round along with monitoring and evaluation of the round.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of severity factors associated with severe scrub typhus among children in a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Subhasmita Panda, Kalpana Panda, Subrat Kumar Swain, Medha Gupta, Rachita Sarangi","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_56_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_56_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Scrub typhus is an acute febrile zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi. Growing data over the last few years from the Indian subcontinent suggest that it is one of the most widespread but under-reported diseases. This study aimed to document the clinical and paraclinical profiles and evaluate complications of scrub typhus in severe and non-severe pediatric age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted in pediatric patients. Frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation were included in the descriptive statistical analysis calculations. Multivariate analysis was conducted to predict the severity factor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 189 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD) age of the cohort was 5.54 ± 3.9 years, with a male predominance of 68.2%. The mean ± SD duration of fever was 6.64 ± 1.43 days. Patients with severe scrub typhus experienced complications including hepatic involvement (42, 64.6%), respiratory distress (23, 46.1%), neurological involvement (14, 24.6%), acute kidney injury (10, 15.4%), myocarditis (9, 13.8%), and (16, 24.6%) have multi-organ dysfunction. Patients with raised transaminases (> 180 IU/L) have a 3.7 to 4.1 times greater chance of developing severity. Thrombocytopenia is found to be another independent predictor of severe scrub typhus.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Clinical signs of hepatomegaly, skin rash, and lymphadenopathy were significant predictors of severity. Delay in treatment is a key contributor to the severity of pediatric scrub typhus.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.","authors":"Eduardo Hernández-Acosta, Antonio De la Mora Covarrubias, Idelfonso Fernández-Salas, Angélica Escárcega-Ávila, Isabel Passalacqua Olivera, Florinda Jiménez-Vega","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_168_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_168_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Chikungunya fever is caused by an arbovirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is prevalent in Mexico along with other pathogens carried by this vector. This study aimed to detect the presence of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Ae. aegypti in a vulnerable area of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mosquitoes were collected from both indoor and outdoor areas of 87 households using BG-GAT and Gravid traps during the fall of 2015. The presence of CHIKV was determined molecularly using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the infection rate was calculated using the PooledInfRate program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 328 female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were captured, grouped into 131 pools. 66% of them tested positive for CHIKV. The infection rate, as measured by Minimum Infection Rate (MIR), was 26%, and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was 15.2%.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The presence of the infected vector was confirmed in the study area. This first report in the region highlights the need for active epidemiological surveillance to prevent potential chikungunya outbreaks in this border population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different diets and blood sources on selected biological parameters of Phlebotomus Sergenti and Leishmania Tropica development in its digestive tract.","authors":"Mahboubeh Fatemi, Arshad Veysi, Mojgan Mohammadnejad, Arman Izadian, Yahya Maroufi, Amir Ahmad Akhavan","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_30_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_30_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the impact of various blood or food sources on specific biological parameters of Phlebotomus sergenti, Parrot, 1917, adult and immature stages, as well as the development of Leishmania tropica Wright 1903.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies were collected from a rural district and subsequently reared in an insectary using standard methods. Three larval diets were formulated and administered to the larvae. Adult sand flies were provided with three blood sources: BALB/c mice, humans, and poultry. The infection of sand flies with the parasite was examined to determine the development of Leishmania.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of larval and pupal stage development exhibited significant differences among the three food sources. However, these variations did not significantly affect the overall length of the immature period of Ph. sergenti (P= 0.098) or the mortality rate (P= 0.338) across the groups. The time required for oviposition differed significantly depending on the blood source (P= 0.007). Nevertheless, the fecundity and longevity of sand flies that fed on the three different blood sources did not show statistically significant differences (fecundity (P= 0.106)/longevity (P= 0.209)). Furthermore, no significant disparity was observed among the three types of blood sources concerning their ability to support L. tropica infection within Ph. sergenti's gut.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Redirecting the vector, Ph. sergenti, towards these specific food or blood sources as a means to reduce vector population or their vectorial capacity would not be a successful approach for interrupting the transmission cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and practices of community and ward health, sanitation and nutrition committee (WHSNC) members on dengue fever and Aedes vector management in Kollam district, Kerala, India, 2023.","authors":"Anjali Krishna, Abey Sushan, Aby Robinson, Boopathy Kangusamy, Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_207_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_207_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue fever incidence has tripled from 1990 to 2017, with a 107.6% increase in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). An evaluation study in Kollam district, Kerala, India found limited community involvement in vector management. This study explores the perceptions and practices of community members and ward health, sanitation and nutrition committee (WHSNC) members regarding vector management in high-incidence areas of dengue in Kollam district, Kerala, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a mixed-method study from December 2022 to May 2023, featuring a community survey for residents and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. We assessed community knowledge, attitudes, and practices with a structured questionnaire, and summarized the results as proportions. We also interviewed 18 members of the WHSNC about dengue control and vector management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 450 participants, 262 (58%) had moderate knowledge of dengue and its vector management, 122 (27.1%) had poor knowledge, and 66 (14.7%) had good knowledge. The majority, 440 participants (97.8%), showed a positive attitude toward dengue control, while only 10 (2.2%) had a negative attitude. Only 187 of 427 participants (25.5%) reported eliminating mosquito breeding sites at home. The qualitative study highlighted perceived barriers and strengths in the community mobilization efforts of the WHSNC for dengue control.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Awareness about dengue and its prevention methods is relatively high, but this has not led to commensurate preventive actions, despite positive attitudes among community members. The research highlights the need for improved community capacity through focused social and behavioural change communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}