Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and its possible association with chloroquine: A rare case report in a three-year-old child.","authors":"Arun Ghosh, Shivanand Hosatti, Vandana Tayal, Urmila Jhamb, Vandana Roy","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_185_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_185_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are rare, severe cutaneous reactions often triggered by drug hypersensitivity. These conditions, characterized by varying degrees of skin detachment, are associated with certain medications, particularly antiepileptics and antibiotics. Chloroquine, a widely used antimalarial drug, is generally considered safe, but rarely, it can lead to TEN. We present a case of a three-year-old boy who developed TEN after oral administration of chloroquine for suspected malaria. Despite intensive care, the child experienced complications and eventually succumbed to the consequences of TEN. This case underscores the importance of recognizing the potential life-threatening side effects of chloroquine, especially in regions where it is frequently prescribed, like India. Healthcare professionals should remain vigilant about rare yet severe adverse reactions associated with widely used drugs like chloroquine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"385-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the potential sibling species status of Anopheles fluviatilis in Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India.","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Rubal Kumari, Urvashi Yadav, Suman Lata, Priyanka Bai, Ritesh Ranjha, Supriyalaxmi Totiger, Neelima Mishra, Anup R Anvikar, Himmat Singh","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_187_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_187_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>India has made significant progress in combating malaria and reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Yet, local transmission and malaria hotspots are important hurdles as India looks to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Gadchiroli district is a highly malaria-endemic area in Maharashtra state of India. It accounts for more than 50% of the reported malaria cases in the state. Anopheles culicifacies and An. fluviatilis are the primary malaria vectors in the area. However, the status of vector sibling species is unknown in the district. In this study, we aimed to identify the sibling species of An. fluviatilis present in the district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An. fluviatilis were collected from the human dwelling of the Dhanora block of the Gadchiroli district. The anopheline mosquitoes were identified morphologically and dissected for detachment of the head and thorax. Sibling species, Incrimination investigations, and analyses of blood meal sources were conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two sibling species of An. fluviatilis S and U were present in the study area. Sibling species S was more prevalent than sibling species U. An. fluviatilis S was found to ingest human blood meal. An. fluviatilis U was feeding on cattle. Nevertheless, none of the samples were found positive for sporozoites or oocysts.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The propensity for malaria transmission varies across sibling species of An. fluviatilis. An. fluviatilis sibling-species S is more prevalent in the Gadchiroli district than sibling species U. The sibling species S was reported to play a major role in malaria transmission in central India. An. fluviatilis S feeds on humans and sibling species U was found to be more zoophilic. The resting behaviour of both these species was in human dwellings and it can enhance interaction with sprayed walls. Consequently, to achieve malaria elimination it is imperative to conduct a study of vector bionomics at the sibling species level to designate the most suitable vector control tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"380-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of West Nile virus infection in Kerala, South India: A case of concern.","authors":"Sonia Thankachy, K P Amju, Jessu Mathew, Hisham Moosan, Manju Rahi, Vijesh S Kuttiatt","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_172_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_172_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile virus (WNV) infection is emerging as a disease of public health concern in Kerala state, India with recurring outbreaks since 2011. With its tropical climate, biodiversity hot spots of Western ghats, forest cover, plenty of water bodies and bird sanctuaries, Kerala provides an ideal ecological niche for vector breeding and transmission of WNV. In this work, we reflect on the peculiar features of the outbreaks of WNV fever in Kerala and highlight the knowledge gaps, research priorities and the need for effective control measures. Information on transmission patterns of WNV, its circulating lineages and identification of vectors is needed to adopt appropriate control strategies in the state. In addition to the active measures on the part of the health system to ensure vector control and to curtail transmission pathways of the disease, inclusion of the community in preventing WNV infection through awareness campaigns and other participatory control measures should be initiated in the pre-monsoon months.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"274-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and seasonal patterns of vector-borne diseases in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India: A prospective observational study.","authors":"Sushmita Sana Chowdhury, R Vinod, B Sabaritha, K Anand","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_151_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_151_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are a major public health concern. Globalization, urbanization and climate change are the reasons for the emergence and re-emergence of VBDs. In this study, we looked into the prevalence of VBD infections around a tertiary care hospital in South India. The objective was to determine the prevalence of common VBDs like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), chikungunya and scrub typhus in patients with acute febrile illness (AFI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective laboratory-based observational study. Blood samples from patients with AFI were tested for Dengue NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG; and IgM antibodies for JE, chikungunya and scrub typhus using ELISA tests. Peripheral blood smear examination was performed for malarial parasite detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 802 samples were analysed and the sample positivity rate for VBDs was 63.6% (510/802 samples). On dividing the positive results across seasons in the study period, the VBD positivity rates were 66.3%, 49.1%, 61.2% and 67.3% for the first post-monsoon, summer, monsoon and the second post-monsoon seasons, respectively, a trend of increased rates noted during the post-monsoon seasons. 192 samples (23.9%) were positive for scrub typhus alone, 189 samples (23.6%) were positive for dengue infection, six samples (0.7%) were positive for chikungunya infection, 121 samples (15.1%) were positive for dengue plus scrub typhus co-infection, two samples (0.2%) were positive for dengue plus chikungunya co-infection, while 292 samples (36.4%) showed negative results. None of the samples were positive for malaria and JE.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Scrub typhus and dengue were the most prevalent VBDs in concordance with the prevalence pattern noted in other studies in South India. Increasing awareness and surveillance of VBDs, developing stringent control policies, easy access to testing and initiating early appropriate therapy can help reduce the incidence of VBDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"303-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile Fever:A looming risk and a call for effective response.","authors":"Aishwarya J Ramalingam, Sameena Khan","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.Jvbd_160_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.Jvbd_160_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"389-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gorakhpur, India experience of Japanese encephalitis management: A successful One Health approach.","authors":"Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Ayush Mishra, Ayush Singh, Himmat Singh, Rajni Kant, Nalini Mishra","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_171_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_171_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is responsible for infecting humans and inducing reproductive complications in swine, with transmission primarily facilitated by mosquitoes. Predominantly observed in Southeast Asia, Japanese encephalitis (JE) primarily circulates between amplifying hosts, notably swine, and culicine mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus . The wading birds are the reservoir host of this disease. Utilizing real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) presents a potential approach for detecting JEV in mosquito populations. Manifesting primarily within the central nervous system, JEV infection can instigate severe inflammation, contributing significantly to mortality rates, notable in India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, where JE poses a substantial public health concern. The initial instances of JE in Indian territories were recorded in 1955 in the southern provinces of Vellore and Puducherry, and in 1978 in the northern regions. Uttar Pradesh, among the 24 states endemic to JE, accounted for over 75% of reported cases till 2021 and remained as the state with highest JE cases uptill 2017. The geographical landscape of Gorakhpur, characterized by low topography, susceptibility to flooding, heavy precipitation, paddy cultivation and silt accumulation in riverbeds, creates favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and subsequent JEV transmission. Recent data from India's National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) indicates a decline in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and JE cases in Uttar Pradesh including Gorakhpur which has been the hot bed for JE/AES. Effective coordination across diverse sectors supported by evidenced based research by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in Gorakhpur played an important role under comprehensive multi-sectoral \"One Health Approach\", which helped significantly in mitigating the disease burden with more than 90% reduction in morbidity and mortality. This article assesses the current scenario, key intervention measures, ongoing initiatives, and underscores the significance of adopting a One Health Approach in combating JE/AES as a \"Gorakhpur experience\" to be implemented in other parts of the country and elsewhere.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"287-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission indices of malaria in Anopheles mosquitoes in an agrarian community adjourning Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria.","authors":"Zarat O Iwalewa, Olabanji A Surakat, Mohammed A Rufai, Kamilu A Fasasi, Harun K Aremu, Monsuru A Adeleke","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_201_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_201_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Mosquitoes transmit malaria and other infectious diseases. A thorough understanding of the dynamics, biting behavior, and infectiousness of Anopheles vector sporozoites is required to calculate transmission indices and develop effective control tactics. The goal of this study was to identify the mosquito species in a rural settlement near the Osogbo city in southwestern Nigeria, as well as their sources of blood meals and the rate at which sporozoites are formed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June to December 2021, 23 homes in the community were chosen at random to catch adult mosquitos with CDC light traps and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC). Mosquitoes were sorted using morphological criteria, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the origin of the blood meal, check for the infectivity of sporozoites in the mosquitoes, and calculate the fraction of Anopheles gambiae s.l . collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 318 mosquitos collected, 185 (58.18 %) were recognized as An. gambiae s.l ., four (1.26 %) as Aedes aegypti , 104 (32.70 %) as Culex quequinfasciatus , and 25 (7.86 %) as Mansonia uniformis . PCR revealed that the specimens of An. gambiae s.l . were 96% An. colluzzi and 4% An. gambiae s.s. An. colluzzi mosquito species only consumed human blood.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The presence of sporozoites in none of the An. gambiae s.l . mosquitoes in the area indicates a low rate of malaria transmission. The anthropoliphic nature of the Anopheles species implies a danger of malaria transmission, despite the fact that none of the people tested positive for sporozoites.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"338-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatic-based multi-epitope vaccine design and validation against Kyasanur forest disease: A tick-borne viral infection.","authors":"Deepthi Adla, Jhansi Venkata Nagamani Josyula, Tejaswini Ancha, Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_84_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_84_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-bome viral illness prevalent in the Western Ghats region of India, posing a significant public health concern. The current formalin-inactivated KFDV vaccine exhibits modest efficacy, necessitating the development of more potent preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed immunoinformatic modelling techniques to design a multiepitope-based vaccine subunit targeting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against KFDV. The vaccine was constructed using helper T cell (CD4+), cytotoxic T cell (CD8+), and B cell epitopes, linked together with appropriate linkers and an adjuvant β-defensin at the N-terminus, resulting in a 704 amino acid long vaccine subunit. Evaluation parameters included immunogenic potency, allergenicity, solubility, toxicity, and population coverage. Predictions of secondary and three-dimensional (3D) structure were made, followed by docking studies with Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I and II) to assess binding affinity. Additionally, simulation of the vaccine and TLR3 construct was performed using the iMod server to further analyze their interaction dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed vaccine subunit exhibited favorable structural and dynamic stability, with strong binding affinity to target receptors. Codon optimization and in silico cloning analysis indicated high vaccine expression and potency. Immune stimulation studies revealed enhanced production of IgG, IgM, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, INF-gamma, and IL-2, indicative of robust immune response against KFDV.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The developed vaccine construct was structurally and dynamically stable and produced a strong immune response against KFDV. However, further animal model studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of these vaccines for the prevention of KFDV The vaccine subunit structure was submitted to the ModelArchive database.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"369-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends and perspectives on malaria relapse: A mini review.","authors":"Baburajan Radha, Praveen Kumar Bharti, Manju Rahi, Rajendra Kumar Baharia","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_66_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_66_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Worldwide elimination of malaria remains a challenge yet to be accomplished, and the domain of malaria relapse remains equally obtuse. Yet, sophisticated cell culture and screening techniques and animal models are being constructed and molecular regulations are discovered in this intriguing discipline. An elaborate understanding of these schemes is mandatory to conceive effective therapeutic strategies. Hence, this review details the landmark paradigms, technical advances and novel clinical interventions pertaining to malaria relapse. Keywords such as 'Malaria', 'Vivax Relapse' and 'Hypnozoites' were selected from PubMed database and data were duly extracted to be synthesized. In addition, special attention was given to the molecular nature and activation of hypnozoites and sexual cycles of parasites in the context of malaria relapse biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"261-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfasalazine-double stranded ribonucleic acid nanoparticle for controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","authors":"Mamangam Subaraja, V Edwin Hillary, Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_136_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_136_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, which threaten over half the world's population. Therefore, new techniques are needed to control vector mosquitoes. The present study aimed to control female Ae. aegypti by targeting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and ecdysone receptor (EcR), which could potentially disrupt egg development, using sulfasalazine (SSZ)-double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) nanoparticles (NPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SSZ-dsRNA NPs are characterized by light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, raman spectroscopy, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Next, 40 pl of SSZ, dsRNA, and SSZ-dsRNA NPs individually were injected into eggs of Ae. aegypti . Finally, the temporal gene expression levels of 3β-HSD and EcR genes were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mortality rate and sterility were significantly increased ( p <0.05), and the percentage of fecundity and viable progeny ( p <0.05) showed effective results when exposed to SSZ-dsRNA compared to control eggs. In addition, the Sf9 cell line also confirmed the downregulation of the m-RNA 3β-HSD and EcR successfully when exposed to SSZ-dsRNA.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The current study proves for the first time that SSZ-dsRNA NPs can be used broadly for 3β-HSD and EcR gene silencing in mosquitoes. The use of this NPs SSZ-dsRNA complex in mosquito eggs leads to reduced fecundity in Ae. aegypti . This method will open a new door for mosquito control, which can be explored and utilized with future comprehensive research for better results. This method is not only limited to mosquito species like Ae. aegypti , it can also be tried with different mosquitoes as well as other insect species that cause harm to humans as pests of crops or vectors of various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"362-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}