Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of dengue, chikungunya, malaria, typhoid fever, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at a tertiary care hospital, Amritsar.","authors":"Anu Bala, Kanwardeep Singh, Ajay Chhabra, Shailpreet Kaur Sidhu, Loveena Oberoi","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_165_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_165_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>India is both a tropical and subtropical region, where common causes of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) include malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, enteric fever, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, and Japanese encephalitis. These illnesses contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality, although the exact burden of each infection varies regionally. Given the high prevalence of these tropical diseases, prioritizing differential diagnoses in cases of AUFI is crucial. In recent years, dengue, chikungunya, malaria, typhoid fever, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis along with coinfections between these diseases have reemerged as major causes of AUFI in many parts of India. These diseases are the most frequent contributors to AUFI and significantly increase patient morbidity and mortality compared to other causes. Although leptospirosis is not endemic in Punjab, cases are still screened as part of the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) National One Health Programme for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses (NOHPPCZ). Additionally, as a tertiary care hospital, the facility receives patients from migratory populations and other states beyond Punjab, thereby addressing a broader range of cases. To determine the incidence and clinical profile of dengue, chikungunya, malaria, typhoid fever, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis among patients presenting with acute undifferentiated fever admitted to the Department of Medicine at GNDH Tertiary Complex, Amritsar.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was conducted in the Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, over a 12-month period from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. A total of 276 patients aged over 18 years with acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) presenting to the inpatient services of the Medicine Department at Government Medical College, Amritsar, during the study period constituted the study population. The demographic and clinical profiles of the cases were recorded using a predesigned pro forma. Rapid immunochromatographic tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed on blood samples to identify active infections of dengue, chikungunya, scrub typhus, leptospirosis, typhoid fever, and malaria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall incidences of dengue, chikungunya, malaria, typhoid fever, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis among AUFI cases were 11.6% (32/276), 24.6% (68/276), 0.7% (2/276), 5.4% (15/276), 1.4% (4/276), and 8.7% (24/276), respectively. The incidence of coinfected cases among AUFI cases was 15.6% (43/276). The most common coinfection was dengue + chikungunya, observed in 26 cases, followed by dengue + leptospirosis in 6 cases, leptospirosis + scrub typhus in 4 cases, chikungunya + typhoid fever in 3 cases, chikungunya + malaria in 2 cases, and leptospirosis + typhoid fever in 2 cases. The incidence of","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and its possible association with chloroquine: A rare case report in a three-year-old child.","authors":"Arun Ghosh, Shivanand Hosatti, Vandana Tayal, Urmila Jhamb, Vandana Roy","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_185_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_185_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are rare, severe cutaneous reactions often triggered by drug hypersensitivity. These conditions, characterized by varying degrees of skin detachment, are associated with certain medications, particularly antiepileptics and antibiotics. Chloroquine, a widely used antimalarial drug, is generally considered safe, but rarely, it can lead to TEN. We present a case of a three-year-old boy who developed TEN after oral administration of chloroquine for suspected malaria. Despite intensive care, the child experienced complications and eventually succumbed to the consequences of TEN. This case underscores the importance of recognizing the potential life-threatening side effects of chloroquine, especially in regions where it is frequently prescribed, like India. Healthcare professionals should remain vigilant about rare yet severe adverse reactions associated with widely used drugs like chloroquine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gorakhpur experience of Japanese Encephalitis Management: A Successful One Health Approach.","authors":"Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Ayush Mishra, Ayush Singh, Himmat Singh, Rajni Kant, Nalini Mishra","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_171_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_171_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is responsible for infecting humans and inducing reproductive complications in swine, with transmission primarily facilitated by mosquitoes. Predominantly observed in Southeast Asia, Japanese encephalitis (JE) primarily circulates between amplifying hosts, notably swine, and culicine mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The wading birds are the reservoir host of this disease. Utilizing real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) presents a potential approach for detecting JEV in mosquito populations. Manifesting primarily within the central nervous system, JEV infection can instigate severe inflammation, contributing significantly to mortality rates, notable in India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, where JE poses a substantial public health concern. The initial instances of JE in Indian territories were recorded in 1955 in the southern provinces of Vellore and Puducherry, and in 1978 in the northern regions. Uttar Pradesh, among the 24 states endemic to JE, accounted for over 75% of reported cases in the past year. The geographical landscape of Gorakhpur, characterized by low topography, susceptibility to flooding, heavy precipitation, paddy cultivation and silt accumulation in riverbeds, creates favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and subsequent JEV transmission. Recent data from National Centre for Vector Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC) in Delhi indicates a decline in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and JE cases in Uttar Pradesh including Gorakhpur which has been the hot bed for JE/AES. Effective coordination across diverse sectors supported by evidenced based research by ICMR in Gorakhpur played an important role under comprehensive multi-sectoral \"One Health Approach\", which helped significantly in mitigating the disease burden with more than 90% reduction in morbidity and mortality. This article assesses the current scenario, key intervention measures, ongoing initiatives, and underscores the significance of adopting a One Health Approach in combating JE/AES as a \"Gorakhpur experience\" to be implemented in other parts of the country and elsewhere.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Chrysin, Indole-3-carbinol, and Curcumin in the Biological Context of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.","authors":"Hani Alothaid","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_182_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_182_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objectives: </strong>Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. It is considered the most deadly species of Plasmodium that infects humans. Research continues to focus on understanding the biology and genetics of Plasmodium falciparum to develop new tools, vaccines, and treatments aimed at reducing the global burden of malaria caused by this deadly parasite.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, three active compounds-chrysin, indole-3-carbinol, and curcumin-were optimized using Gaussian16, and a molecular docking study was conducted against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, along with an evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking studies indicated that the chrysin compound exhibits a stronger binding affinity to selected receptors of Plasmodium falciparum compared to the other compounds. Additionally, in-silico ADME screening was used to predict the pharmacological characteristics of acetyl-CoA reductase inhibitors and their metabolites.</p><p><strong>Interpretation & conclusion: </strong>The findings predict that the chrysin compound exhibits better affinity with Plasmodium falciparum proteins, suggesting that this compound can effectively interact with specific targets within the parasite. It also highlights the favorable electrostatic interactions that contribute to its pharmacological effectiveness as an acetyl-CoA reductase inhibitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyme disease: a comprehensive perspective on pathogen biology, clinical aspects and epidemiology in India.","authors":"Pulamoola Kelu Sarath, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_177_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_177_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Lyme disease is a multisystem illness caused by the spirochaetes bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia. It's a tick-borne disease that poses serious health concerns in major parts of the world including India. This review aims to comprehend the disease in depth encompassing its pathogen biology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment strategies, epidemiology in India, and preventive measures against it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peer-reviewed articles, reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies relating to the topic were searched across reliable electronic databases like PubMed, and ScienceDirect, without imposing any time restriction for up-to-date information with a focus on sources indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pathogen is a gram-negative bacterium namely Borrelia burgdorferri infesting ticks mainly belonging to the genus Ixodes. Clinical presentations vary from single Erethema Chronicum Migrans (ECM) to neurological complexities, cardiac disorders, and severe arthritic conditions. A two-tiered test recommended by CDC is currently employed to diagnose the disease. 15 out of 28 states in India have reports of Lyme disease; most of these states also have Ixodes ticks. However, the exact vector is not confirmed in India.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>13 of the 15 states where Lyme disease cases have been reported have also had ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes. Thus it can be assumed that vectors of Lyme disease in India are Ixodes sp., but more studies are required to confirm and validate this assumption, and find the exact species of the vector tick. As an ignored vector-borne disease in India, Lyme disease warrants more research and surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatic based multi-epitope vaccine design and validation against Kyasanur forest disease: A tick borne viral infection.","authors":"Deepthi Adla, Jhansi Venkata Nagamani Josyula, Tejaswini Ancha, Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_84_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_84_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral illness prevalent in the Western Ghats region of India, posing a significant public health concern. The current formalin-inactivated KFDV vaccine exhibits modest efficacy, necessitating the development of more potent preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed immunoinformatic modelling techniques to design a multiepitope-based vaccine subunit targeting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against KFDV. The vaccine was constructed using helper T cell (CD4+), cytotoxic T cell (CD8+), and B cell epitopes, linked together with appropriate linkers and an adjuvant β-defensin at the N-terminus, resulting in a 704 amino acid long vaccine subunit. Evaluation parameters included immunogenic potency, allergenicity, solubility, toxicity, and population coverage. Predictions of secondary and three-dimensional (3D) structure were made, followed by docking studies with Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I and II) to assess binding affinity. Additionally, simulation of the vaccine and TLR3 construct was performed using the iMod server to further analyze their interaction dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed vaccine subunit exhibited favorable structural and dynamic stability, with strong binding affinity to target receptors. Codon optimization and in silico cloning analysis indicated high vaccine expression and potency. Immune stimulation studies revealed enhanced production of IgG, IgM, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, INF-gamma, and IL-2, indicative of robust immune response against KFDV.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The developed vaccine construct was structurally and dynamically stable and produced a strong immune response against KFDV. However, further animal model studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of these vaccines for the prevention of KFDV. The vaccine subunit structure was submitted to the ModelArchive database (https://www.modelarchive.org/doi/10.5452/ma-ij19q).</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of climatic factors on the perennial malaria cases in Kalahandi district of Odisha, Eastern India.","authors":"Subrat Kumar Panigrahi, Smruti Ranjan Parida, Dibyanee Mohanty, Punyatoya Panda, Manoj Kumar Meher, Priyanka Mohanty, Pruthiraj Mohapatra, Aishwarya B Acharya, Bijayalaxmi Sahu, Tapan Kumar Barik","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_190_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_190_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne illnesses, cause significant global health challenges, leading to approximately 700,000 deaths annually. In India, malaria remains a critical issue, especially in regions like Odisha, where climatic factors heavily influence transmission dynamics. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between climatic factors (rainfall, temperature, and humidity) and malaria transmission in the Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. This research focuses on understanding how local weather conditions affect mosquito breeding, population dynamics, and malaria incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Epidemiological data from 2019 to 2021 on malaria cases were collected from the Chief District Medical Officer's office in Kalahandi. Entomological data were gathered bimonthly by capturing mosquitoes from various locations in Kalahandi using standard methods. Meteorological data, including monthly rainfall, temperature, and humidity, were obtained from the Odisha government database. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis, linear regression, and Pearson correlation to explore the relationships between weather parameters and malaria cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that rainfall positively correlates with malaria incidence, particularly during peak rainy seasons (July-September). P. falciparum cases showed a strong association with precipitation, while temperature and humidity showed mixed results. Excessive rainfall, however, may disrupt mosquito breeding sites.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>It was noticed that Anopheles culicifacies was prevalent year- round but was particularly dense during the winter and summer (pre-monsoon) seasons, often in conjunction with Anopheles fluviatilis. The findings highlight the complex interplay of climatic factors influencing malaria transmission in the region, with rainfall being the most significant driver.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of dengue infection and risk factors for severe dengue in Indian children.","authors":"Neeraj T Panchanadikar, Sonali H Palkar, Sanjay K Lalwani","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_43_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_43_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue, a fast-growing vector-borne disease, has an estimated case- fatality rate of 5%. India is largely affected by dengue. Due to its unpredictable course and non-availability of specific treatment, timely identification of risk factors for severe dengue and its management is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital with dengue, including their outcome, and identify the risk factors for severe dengue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included children admitted with serologically confirmed dengue. World Health Organization classification was used to classify the illness. The details of demographic characteristics, history, clinical examination, laboratory parameters, and outcome were noted. Various risk factors, associated with severe dengue including clinical and laboratory parameters, were determined using crude and adjusted odds ratios at 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 157 enrolled children, 51 (32.5%) had severe dengue, and 5 (3.2%) died. Severe dengue showed no predilection for age, gender, and baseline IgG positivity. Multivariate- logistic regression analysis identified only fever ≥39°C [aOR 4.06 (1.60-10.27)] and petechiae [aOR 9.91(3.07-32.03)] as the clinical risk factors for severe dengue. Prolonged prothrombin time (>14s) [aOR 37.21(1.46-946.23)] and platelet count less than 50,000/cu mm [aOR 12.83(1.12-147.17] were observed as independent laboratory risk factors for severe dengue.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Simple clinical measures like a detailed history of fever >39°C and examination, especially for petechiae, should caution clinicians against progressing to severe dengue. Along with platelet count, prothrombin time should also be monitored during the laboratory investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Macrophage Polarization in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.","authors":"May AlMoshary","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_174_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_174_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is reported as the most neglected tropical disease. The polarization of macrophages such as M1 or M2 phenotypes significantly affects the development of leishmaniasis disease. However, the accurate immune responses behind the macrophage polarization process in cutaneous Leishmaniasis are poorly understood. This study was designed to determine the status of macrophage polarization in cutaneous Leishmaniasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia, from January to December 2023. Patients aged 18 to 65 yrs diagnosed with cutaneous Leishmaniasis were included. Patients with other immunocompromising conditions (e.g., HIV infection), those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, or those with systemic Leishmaniasis were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a sample of 70 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, macrophage polarization profiles were assessed in 43 (61.42%) patients in the case group and 27 (38.57%) in the control group. The experimental group had a higher prevalence of mild iNOS expression (24/43), while the control group had more iNOS-negative subjects (11/27). Arg-1 expression analysis showed a higher adverse and mild expression incidence in both groups, with 26/43 and 16/43 cases, respectively. Ml macrophage polarization was significantly higher in patients with lesions <4 (65.11%) compared to M2 polarization (11.62%). Lesions lasting <12 months also showed greater M1 polarization (51.61%) compared to M2 (30.23%), with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Additionally, ulcerated lesions were more common in the M1 group (37.20%) than in the M2 group (16.27%) (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The findings reported that M1 macrophages are more prevalent in CL's early and acute stages, while M2 macrophages may be more active in the long-term or healing phases. There were also notable changes in macrophage polarization among the experimental and control groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission Indices of Malaria in Anopheles Mosquitoes in an agrarian community adjourning Osogbo, Southwestern, Nigeria.","authors":"Zarat O Iwalewa, Olabanji A Surakat, Mohammed A Rufai, Kamilu A Fasasi, Harun K Aremu, Monsuru A Adeleke","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_201_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_201_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Mosquitoes transmit malaria and other infectious diseases. A thorough understanding of the dynamics, biting behavior, and infectiousness of Anopheles vector, sporozoites is required to calculate transmission indices and develop effective control tactics. The goal of this study was to identify the mosquito species in a rural settlement near the Osogbo city in southern Nigeria, as well as their sources of blood meals and the rate at which sporozoites are formed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June to December 2021, 23 homes in the community were chosen at random to catch adult mosquitos with CDC light traps and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC). Mosquitoes were sorted using morphological criteria, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the origin of the blood meal, check for the infectivity of sporozoites in the mosquitoes, and calculate the fraction of An. gambiae s.l. collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 318 mosquitos collected, 185 (58.18%) were recognized as An. gambiae s.l., 4 (1.26 %) as Aedes aegypti, 104 (32.70 %) as Cx. quequinfasciatus, and 25 (7.86 %) as M. uniformis. The PCR revealed that the specimens of An. gambiae s.l. were 96% An. colluzzi and 4% An. gambiae s.s. The An. colluzzi mosquito species only consumed human blood.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The presence of sporozoites in none of the An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in the area indicates a low rate of malaria transmission. The anthropoliphic nature of the Anopheles species implies a danger of malaria transmission, despite the fact that none of the Anopheles tested positive for sporozoites.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}