Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Sulfasalazine-double stranded ribonucleic acid nanoparticle for controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","authors":"Mamangam Subaraja, V Edwin Hillary, Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_136_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_136_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors for dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, which threaten over half the world's population. Therefore, new techniques are needed to control vector mosquitoes. The present study aimed to control female A. aegypti by targeting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and ecdysone receptor (EcR), which could potentially disrupt egg development, using sulfasalazine (SSZ)-double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) nanoparticles (NPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SSZ-dsRNA NPs are characterized by light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, raman spectroscopy, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Next, 40 pl of SSZ, dsRNA, and SSZ-dsRNA NPs individually were injected into eggs of Ae. aegypti. Finally, the temporal gene expression levels of 3β-HSD and EcR genes were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mortality rate and sterility were significantly increased (p<0.05), and the percentage of fecundity and viable progeny (p<0.05) showed effective results when exposed to SSZ-dsRNA compared to control eggs. In addition, the Sf9 cell line also confirmed the downregulation of the m-RNA 3β-HSD and EcR successfully when exposed to SSZ-dsRNA.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The current study proves for the first time that SSZ-dsRNA NPs can be used broadly for 3β-HSD and ECR gene silencing in mosquitoes. The use of this NPs SSZ-dsRNA complex in mosquito eggs leads to reduced fecundity in Ae. aegypti. This method will open a new door for mosquito control, which can be explored and utilized with future comprehensive research for better results. This method is not only limited to the mosquito species like Ae. Aegypti, it can also be tried with different mosquitoes as well as other insect species that cause harm to humans as pests of crops or vectors of various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of West Nile virus infection in Kerala, South India: A case of concern.","authors":"Sonia Thankachy, K P Amju, Mathew Jessu, Hisham Moosan, Manju Rahi, Vijesh S Kuttiatt","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_172_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_172_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile virus (WNV) infection is emerging as a disease of public health concern in Kerala, India with recurring outbreaks since 2011. With its tropical climate, biodiversity hot spots of Western ghats, forest cover, plenty of water bodies and bird sanctuaries, Kerala provides an ideal ecological niche for vector breeding and transmission of WNV. In this article, we reflect on the peculiar features of the outbreaks of WNV fever in Kerala and highlight the knowledge gaps, the research priorities and the need for effective control measures. Information on transmission patterns of WNV, its circulating lineages and identification of vectors is needed to adopt appropriate control strategies in the state. In addition to the active measures on the part of the health system to ensure vector control and to curtail transmission pathways of the disease, inclusion of the community in preventing WNV infection through awareness campaigns and other participatory control measures should be initiated in the pre-monsoon months.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile Fever- a looming risk and a call for effective response.","authors":"Aishwarya J Ramalingam, Sameena Khan","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_160_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_160_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arboviral single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Initial reports of the virus were found in 1937 when the WNV was isolated from a febrile individual from Uganda and later reported from Algeria, West Africa, and the Middle East. Since then, every year cases of WNV infections are emerging and posing a threat to public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Trends and Perspectives on Malaria Relapse: A Mini Review.","authors":"Baburajan Radha, Praveen Kumar Bharti, Manju Rahi, Rajendra Kumar Baharia","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_66_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_66_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Worldwide elimination of malaria remains a challenge yet to be accomplished, and the domain of malaria relapse equally remains obtuse. Yet sophisticated cell culture and screening techniques and animal models are being constructed and molecular regulations are discovered in this intriguing discipline. An elaborate understanding of these schemes is mandatory to conceive effective therapeutic strategies. Hence this present review details the landmark paradigms, technical advances and novel clinical interventions pertaining to malaria relapse. Keywords such as 'Malaria', 'Vivax Relapse' and 'Hypnozoites' were selected from the PubMed database, and the data were duly extracted for the present manuscript to be synthesized. In addition, special attention was given to the molecular nature and activation of hypnozoites and sexual cycles of parasites in the context of malaria relapse biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infection of Dengue and hepatitis A virus among pediatric population: A study from a tertiary care center in central India during 2022-2023.","authors":"Rajeev Kumar Jain, Rakesh Shrivastava, Garima Kapoor, Deepti Chaurasia, Kamlesh Kumar Ahirwar, Ankita Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_188_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_188_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Co-infection of dengue virus and acute hepatitis A virus in paediatric population is a major health concern in endemic countries. This cross sectional retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus among the clinically dengue suspected paediatric cases presented at our tertiary care centre during the two-year period (2022-2023).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 747 dengue suspected paediatric clinical specimens were included in this study. Serological diagnosis of DENV and HAV was done using Dengue IgM capture ELISA kit and anti-HAV IgM ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 747 dengue suspected paediatric patients, 245 (32.8%) were seropositive for either DENV, HAV, or both viruses and among these 135 (18.07%) were positive for DENV, 110 (14.72%) were positive for HAV, 22 (2.94%) were co-infected with both DENV and HAV. Further, among DENV seronegative cases, 88 (11.78%) clinical samples were found to be HAV positive. Among all the age groups, the highest prevalence of DENV and HAV was observed in 6-10 yrs. The monsoon season observed the highest number of seropositive cases compared to winter season and summer seasons. Fever was found to be most prevalent clinical symptom followed by nausea/vomiting and stomach discomfort.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>This study underlines the significance of differential diagnosis for the detection of concurrently transmitted viral diseases during the common seasons in the endemic areas. Diagnostic challenges like misdiagnosis events can be solved by advising differential diagnosis especially in paediatric cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lectin Microarray Analysis of Salivary Gland Glycoproteins from the Arboviral Vector Aedes aegypti and the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi.","authors":"Ranjan Ramasamy, Xi Chen, Jian Zhang, Kokila Sivabalakrishnan, Sivasingham Arthiyan, Sinnathamby N Surendran","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_147_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_147_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Salivary glands proteins but not glycoconjugates have been previously studied in mosquito vectors of human diseases. Glycoconjugates from salivary gland-derived proteins from human-feeding tick vectors can elicit hypersensitivity reactions which may also occur with mosquito bites. Protein glycoconjugate in salivary glands of the principal arboviral vector Aedes aegypti and the rapidly spreading malaria vector Anopheles stephensi were therefore investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty different lectins in a microarray were used to analyse glycoconjugates in salivary gland proteins from both mosquito species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salivary gland glycoproteins of both mosquitoes possessed similar lectin-binding specificities. Lectin-binding profiles in both mosquitoes showed the significant presence of oligomannose N-linked glycans, O-linked glycans, a limited presence of glycan structures capped with terminal GalNAc, GlcNAc, β linked Gal, α1-6 linked fucose, and no detectable sialic acids or terminal α-linked Gal in salivary gland glycoproteins.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Aedes aegypti and An. stephensi possess similar salivary gland protein glycoconjugates to mosquito larval tissues. They differ from arachnid ticks in lacking detectable α-gal epitopes that are responsible for red meat allergy caused by tick bites.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Dengue Outbreaks in Pulau Pinang from the eDengue Database 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mohamad Zuhair Mohamed Yusoff, Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin, Mariam Mohamad, Mohamad Azfar Zainuddin","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_127_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_127_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue is now endemic in over 100 countries, with Asia bearing over 70% of the global burden. In Malaysia, dengue cases have increased dramatically, particularly in Pulau Pinang, where cases rose from 1,621 in 2022 to 7,343 in 2023. To examine factors associated with dengue outbreaks in Pulau Pinang in 2023 by comparing outbreak cases with single cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study using eDengue database, the Malaysian National Dengue Registry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,106 confirmed dengue cases, with 553 categorised as outbreak cases and 553 as single cases. Significant associations were found between dengue outbreaks and Priority Locality 1 (areas with Uncontrolled Outbreaks/ Hotspots/ Recurrent Outbreaks/ Dengue Deaths in the previous year) (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06,0.37, p<0.001), Aedes Index ≥1% (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02,1.77, p=0.031), patients initially visiting government clinics (AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10,2.43, p=0.015), hospitalized dengue patients (AOR: 0.70. 95%CI: 0.52,0.96, p=0.029), the time taken from notification to source reduction (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50,0.66, p<0.001) and time taken from notification to investigation (AOR: 2.40 95%CI: 1.77,3.24, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>This study identifies key factors associated with dengue outbreaks in Pulau Pinang such as Aedes Index, Priority Locality 1 areas and initial visits to government clinics. These findings underscore the need for targeted vector control and early intervention in high-risk areas to reduce outbreak risk. Early healthcare seeking behavior and timely intervention are critical in managing the spread of dengue. Further research is needed to explore additional factors and improve public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The role of Borrelia in neuroinfections.","authors":"Şeyda Karabörk, Şule Aydin Türkoğlu, Serpil Yildiz, Fatma Sirmatel","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_130_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_130_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>This study was compared the Borrelia antibodies and chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from cases diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), and pseudotumour cerebri (PTC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 43 CSF samples were collected from patients diagnosed with RRMS, RIS and PTC. We prospectively investigated Borrelia IgG and IgM antibodies in the CSF samples of the cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) method, and CXCL13 levels by ELISA. Data were statistically analysed using the the Spearman rank correlation test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five antigens (protein 19, 20, 21, 58, and outer surface protein C (OspC)) were positive due to confirmation of the positive samples for Borrelia antibodies by the WB method. There were no significant differences in CSF CXCL13 levels between the three groups. The CXCL13 level was found to be statistically higher in the demyelinating group compared to the PTC group (p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The Borrelia antibodies were found positive in CSF samples of RRMS patients. The coexistence of high CXCL13 (may be a potential biomarker) suggests that LNB may also play a role in the etiopathogenesis of RRMS. In addition, the positive detection of OspC and p58 WB bands in most cases suggests that these protein bands can be used as in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and Lyme disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and seasonal patterns of vector borne diseases in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry- a prospective observational study.","authors":"Sushmita Sana Chowdhury, R Vinod, B Sabaritha, K Anand","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_151_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_151_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Vector-borne diseases (VBD) are a major public health concern. Globalization, urbanization & climate change are reasons for the emergence and re-emergence of VBDs. In our study, we looked into the prevalence of VBD infections around our tertiary care hospital in South India. The objective was to determine the prevalence of common VBDs like Malaria, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), Chikungunya and Scrub typhus in patients with acute febrile illness (AFI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective laboratory based observational study. Blood samples from patients with AFI were tested for Dengue NS1 Antigen, IgM and IgG; and IgM antibodies for JE, Chikungunya and Scrub typhus using ELISA tests. Peripheral blood smear examination was performed for malarial parasite detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 802 samples were analysed. The sample positivity rate for VBD was 63.6% (510/802 samples) On diving the positive results across seasons in the study period, the VBD positivity rates were 66.3%, 49.1%, 61.2% and 67.3% for the first post-monsoon, summer, monsoon and the second post-monsoon seasons respectively- a trend of increased rates noted during the post-monsoon seasons. 192 samples (23.9%) were positive for scrub typhus alone, 189 samples (23.6%) were positive for dengue infection alone, six samples (0.7%) were positive for chikungunya infection alone, 121 samples (15.1%) were positive for dengue plus scrub typhus co-infection, two samples (0.2%) were positive for dengue plus chikungunya co-infection, while 292 samples (36.4%) showed negative results. None of the samples were positive for malaria and Japanese encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Scrub typhus and dengue were the most prevalent VBDs in concordance with the prevalence pattern noted in other studies in South India. Increasing awareness and surveillance of the VBDs, developing stringent control policies, easy access to testing and initiating early appropriate therapy can help reduce the incidence of VBDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serodiagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis and profiling of immunoreactive protein(s) in Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg and adult worm antigens.","authors":"Kabirat A Sulaiman, Tajudeen O Oriade, Timothy Auta, Funmilayo I D Afolayan, Alexander B Odaibo, Rafaella Fq Grenfell, Ramzy G Fatem, Oyetunde T Oyeyemi","doi":"10.4103/JVBD_JVBD_150_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD_JVBD_150_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>To achieve schistosomiasis eradication plan by 2030, the development of efficient diagnosis is crucial. This study focuses on assessing the immunodiagnostic potential of S. haematobium (Sh) soluble egg antigen (SEA) and worm antigen (SWA) for urogenital schistosomiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine microscopy identified 50 S. haematobium-positive and 50 negative samples from a total of 500 examined. An additional 50 samples from a non-endemic area were included, bringing the total number of samples used for the assay to 150. Indirect ELISA immunoassays using SEA and SWA as the probing antigens evaluated 50 sera samples each from Sh positive, negative endemic (NE), and non-endemic (NNE) individuals. SDS-PAGE analysis of crude protein extracts was conducted, followed by Western blot analysis using primary antibodies from pooled Sh-infected sera samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The AUC values for Sh SEA and SWA were 0.75 and 0.76 in NE samples, and 0.91 and 0.89 in NNE samples, respectively. Sensitivities 90 (95% CI: 78.64 - 95.65)/ 64.71 (95% CI: 52.17 - 75.92), and specificities 50 (95% CI: 36.64 - 63.36)/ 81.25 (95% CI: 63.56 - 92.79) were recorded for SEA and SWA, respectively in NE samples. In addition, sensitivities 90 (78.64 - 95.65)/ 92 (95% CI: 80.77 - 97.78), and specificities 72 (95% CI: 58.33 - 82.53)/ 72.00 (95% CI: 57.51 - 83.77) were recorded for SEA and SWA, respectively in NNE samples. The mean antibody titer against Sh SEA in infected samples was significantly higher than in non-infected samples (P <0.0001). Eight (8) immunoreactive protein bands; 4 each of SEA and SWA were identified, indicating potential for diagnostic tool development.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Sh SEA and SWA demonstrate promise for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis in both endemic and non-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}