Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics最新文献

{"title":"The Chemical Change of the Ash Components through Phosphorus Recovery of Dehydrated Sludge by Incineration using Alkali Metal Compounds","authors":"Takahashi M","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000168","url":null,"abstract":"In order to recover phosphorus from the wastewater sludge, the dehydrated sludge was mixed with the reagent of NaOH, KOH or Na 2 CO 3 , and incinerated at 750 °C or 900 °C. Phosphorus in the incinerated ash of the sludge was dissolved by the addition of the hot water, and recovered by the evaporation of the extract. The recovered phosphorus was confirmed to be an alkali metal phosphate, and the recovery rate reached about 75% regardless in these reagents (NaOH, KOH or Na 2 CO 3 ). The chemical change of the ash components were also found through phosphorus recovery.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"375 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching of the Ecology of Aral-Syrdarya Basin in the Higher Educational Institution","authors":"Zhanbekov Kh","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000147","url":null,"abstract":"It is not simple to form ecological literacy; it requires the development of student’s elements of systemic thinking, which is achieved already in a mature state of the individual. In light of this, the importance of teaching ecology at the university has greatly increased and here we are faced with a number of problems. The article considered the ecological problem of Aral- Syrdarya basin and actions to improve the state of the ecology of the Aral region.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133547512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling Potential for Waste Electric Vehicle Lithium - ion Batteries in China","authors":"H. W","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000129","url":null,"abstract":"The number of waste EV LIBs (electric vehicle lithium - ion batteries) has been increasing in China. Reasonable disposal of waste EV LIBs has becoming a new research hotspot. In this paper, the current status of the generation of waste EV LIBs of China is analyzed, and the treatment strategy and recycling market potential of waste EV LIBs are introduced. And some recommendat ions were given for the existing problems in the waste EV LIBs recycling market.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133812017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Silicon Content in Rice Husk Biochar of Southern Taiwan on the Germination of Corn Seeds ( Zea mays L.)","authors":"Milla Ov","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000145","url":null,"abstract":"To our knowledge, not many investigations about this topic were done in Southern Taiwan where the potential of rice residues from agriculture fields is abundant. Our purpose for those rice residues is to transform them into biochar. Our experiment was conducted in Southern Taiwan, where we studied the characteristics of biochar made from rice husks, applying different types of combustion and temperatures as well their effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) seed germination. The experimental trial was composed of seven (7) different treatments including the application of rice husk, rice husk biochar, chemical fertilizer, and soil. The biochar treatments used a mixture of 50% biochar and 50% soil to balance the quantities of rice husk biochar that could be incorporated into clayey soils. The effect of biochar application on corn growth was evaluated. Results showed that silicon content in rice husk biochar can inhibit seed germination linearly. Silicon in this study was found to be harmful significantly to corn seed germination when Si content in rice husk biochar was higher than 25 to 30 wt% indicating that increased levels of silicic acid and quantities of the amendment above 8-10 ton per hectare reduce the germination rate.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129844389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Approaches in Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment Coagulation System: A Mini - Review","authors":"Cheshmekhezr S","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000128","url":null,"abstract":"Turbidity and natural organic matters (NOMs) cause change in odor, color, and taste of drinking water as well as increasing the concern of bacterial growth in water and wastewater. This article aims to review the coagulation process and to introduce the po tential approaches that can help the water and wastewater authorities to come up with the best coagulant selection. The coagulation is a physicochemical process that is used in the conventional treatment process to reduce turbidity, suspended particles, an d NOMs. Aluminum sulfate (alum) and ferric chloride are the most common coagulants that are used as chemical coagulants. However, there are some health concerns associated with the residual sludge and extra dose of chemical coagulants in treated water and wastewater such as increasing risk of Alzheimer and cancer. Natural Coagulants could be an alternative to reduce the dose of chemical coagulants and residual sludge and consequently reducing the health risks. Natural coagulants are effective in reducing pa rticles, alongside the chemical coagulants or as a stand - alone process. The multidimensional nature of choosing the best process in water and wastewater treatment makes it difficult to select the best coagulant with the minimum health risk. Therefore, we n eed a systematic framework for modeling the coagulation process and selecting cost - efficient coagulant(s) to reduce health risk. Mathematical modeling and health risk assessment are two of the approaches that can be used to select the optimum range and tra ck the residual and found to be helpful for the health risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122494827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Autopsy of Housing Challenges in Urban Maiduguri","authors":"Nkwocha Kf","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000149","url":null,"abstract":"Housing challenge is no doubt among the greatest urbanization problems faced by most cities in the developing world. The nature and type of accommodation an individual lives in, indicates his ranking in the society. The focal point of this study, is to examine the housing challenges in Maiduguri urban, Borno State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey method of research through observation, questionnaire schedule and interviews with heads of households. A sample size of 200 respondents was purposively selected for this study while the simple random sampling method was employed in the selection of the four districts used in data collection. 200 questionnaires were randomly administered at an interval of 10 houses. Results indicated that majority of residents are tenants and are unhappy with the unhealthy environment they live in. The study recommended establishment of satellite towns, total removal of bottle necks in land acquisition, development of infrastructure to attract private developers amongst others.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Fouling and Control","authors":"Nida Maqbool","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000122","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the process of separating dissolved salts from water with the help of semipermeable membranes. Membrane based solution are now widely accepted technology to combat safe drinking water shortage. Reverse osmosis has increasing market shares due to reduced cost and improvements in the process. This paper reviews the major issue of fouling that is faced during operation of RO and ways to regulate them. Fouling is categorized into many classes and the control is discussed respectively. It also discusses basics of RO, modular arrangements for RO membranes as well as multiple options for pretreatment which is a mandatory requirement of the process. Final discussion is the ways to consider while disposing of brine.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electricity Generation from Waste Tomatoes, Banana, Pineapple Fruits and Peels Using Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (SMFC)","authors":"Kalagbor Ia","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000141","url":null,"abstract":"Green Chemistry is gaining prominence in environmental and technological processes. Generating electricity from agro wastes comprising of waste vegetables and fruits are new sources of clean energy. Scientists need to develop technological methods of converting these agro wastes to useful resources especially in developing countries. Fruit wastes are generated in large quantities globally from processing plants. Defective tomatoes rejected and damaged banana fruits as well as unusable pineapple fruits and peels constitute part of the agro waste biomass generated annually. Effective management of this biomass is still ongoing. This research focuses on the conversion of these agro wastes to bioelectricity (green energy) using single microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) technology. Fruits wastes of 5kg, 10kg, 15kg and 20k were used. Results showed that the higher the quantity of substrate, the higher the electricity produced. The maximum voltage outputs generated on day 1 were 4.2V, 3.1V and 3.0V from tomatoes, banana and pineapple (fruit and peel) wastes respectively. The values obtained for current readings were significantly proportional to the voltage readings. The physiochemical parameters; pH, Conductivity, BOD, COD and DO were consistent with those from similar studies. The conversion of tomatoes, banana and pineapple fruit waste to bioelectricity was achieved. Reduction of this biomass by biodegradation using the SMFC technology is one way of removing these agro wastes from the ecosystem to maintain a clean, healthy, pollution-free environment.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127185057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethiopian Hides and Skin Defects and Quality Status: An Assessment at Wet Blue Stage","authors":"T. A.","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000130","url":null,"abstract":"Hides and skins are important byproducts of livestock playing significant role in the Ethiopian economy. However, the potential of the sector is not adequately exploited due to factors limiting quality of the products. The objective of this s tudy was therefore to identify the major defects of hide and skins and assess their impact on quality. The study was conducted in eight purposely selected tanneries in and around Addis Ababa. Overall, 648 hides, 648 sheepskins and 324 goatskins were assess ed at wet - blue stage for defects and quality grading. Defects were categorized into pre - slaughter, peri - slaughter and post - slaughter problems. The findings showed 13 different types of defects; the major ones being cockle (28.4 - 60%), scratch (31 - 40.74%), s car (9.72 - 17.9%), flaying defect (35.2 - 69.44%) and putrefaction (20.2 - 25.31%). No single hide or skin was found free of defects. Irrespective of the type and number of defects observed, no skin or hide was found to fall in grades 1 and 2 whereas grades 3 a nd 4 accounted for only 0.31 - 2.47%. On the other hand, majority of the hides and skins were grouped in either low grade (5 and 6) or reject categories. Similarly, out of the total sample examined, pre - , peri - and post - slaughter defects accounted for 70 - 87% , 36.7 - 75.3% and 27.2 - 32.9% respectively. When data were filtered for each defect category to show the impact of each on quality, pre - and post - slaughter defects caused maximum loss of quality in cattle hide and sheepskins whereas peri - and post - slaughter defects were responsible for higher loss of quality in goatskins. Similarly, highest rate of rejection was caused by post - slaughter problem in cattle hide (66.7%) and goatskins (67%). About 66 - 73% and 17 - 18% of hides and skins were downgraded to low grade and reject categories by cockle problem alone. Whereas scratch was responsible for 45 - 82% of the products earning low grades. Similarly, flaying defect only has resulted in 22 - 24% of hides and sheepskins being rejected while deteriorating majority of goats kins to low grade category. Putrefaction, although prevalent in lower proportion, has the capacity to cause major rejection mainly in cattle hides and goatskins compared to sheepskin. In conclusion, i n the presence of other major pre - slaughter problems and slaughtering defects, ectoparasite control alone may not significantly improve the quality of both hides and skins. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that hide and skin quality improvement programs should include strategies that can alleviate all majo r problems from supply side (pre - slaughter to post - slaughter) stages.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122284433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soils from Scrapyards in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"Eghomwanre Af","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000132","url":null,"abstract":"Scrap metals found in scrapyards accounts for a large proportion of municipal solid waste in Nigeria. They are a menace to the environment and pose potential health risk to nearby residents. T his study assessed the physicochemical quality and heavy meta l contamination of surface soils from selected scrapyards in Benin City, Nigeria. Surface soils were collected from 12 randomly selected scrapyards between February and April 2018. Physicochemical analyses were carried out using standard analytical methods , while heavy metal ( Fe, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb ) concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The physicochemical indicators showed values which ranged from 6.17 ± 1.17 to 7.81 ± 0.88, 335.00 ± 60.62 to 2467.33 ± 1708.95μS/cm and 2 .18 ± 0.39 to 44.27 ± 17.72 mg/kg for pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate ( NO - 3 ) respectively. The texture of the scrapyard soils was predominantly sand. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the scrapyard sites were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than the control site. A strong positive correlation existed among the studied metals. The concentrations of heavy metals were above the WHO/FAO critical level of 100 mg/kg except for Cr and Cd. Contamination indexes of the scrapyard soils showed th at the soils samples from all the locations were highly contaminated with heavy metals. There is urgent need for evacuation of the scrap metal wastes from the scrapyards and enactment of appropriate legislations which prohibits the use of land in residenti al areas as scrapyards in the city to prevent likely health hazard","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management &amp; Xenobiotics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}