Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics最新文献

{"title":"Arsenic Removal Using a Simple Oxidation Device","authors":"Takahashi M","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000158","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic exists widely in the environment, and a lot of arsenic pollution is found in the groundwater of South East Asia. In order to make arsenic free water, we made a simple device. The device is mainly composed of an iron containing oxidation tank, settling tank and sand filter. The arsenic in the water can be removed by iron oxidation which is caused by aeration. The device can remove about 98% of the arsenic in the water using less energy, and be maintenance free for a long period.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"700 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122964439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Enzymes in the Nitroglycerin Degradation Pathway","authors":"Hughes Jb","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000155","url":null,"abstract":"Nitroglycerin (NG), widely used in explosives, propellants and pharmaceuticals, can be found in contaminated groundwater and soil and poses potential hazards to the environment. Arthrobacter sp. JBH1 was the first bacterial isolate able to grow on nitroglycerin (NG) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The initial reaction and some of the enzymes involved in the NG transformation pathway were proposed, but the genes that encode the initial enzymes and the mechanism of release of the third nitrate group were unknown. In order to rigorously establish the degradation pathway, four old yellow enzyme (OYE) homologs from the genome of JBH1, and a glycerol kinase homolog, MngP, involved in the lower NG transformation pathway were overexpressed and purified from E. coli. The enzyme assays showed that the old yellow enzyme, PfvA, was 8 times more effective than PfvC in catalyzing the initial step of NG transformation. In addition to 1,2-dinitroglycerin (1,2-DNG), 1,3-DNG was a major denitration product. PfvA could also catalyze the transformation of both DNG isomers to 1-MNG and/or 2-MNG. 1-MNG was then subject to phosphorylation by MngP. Another key finding of this study is that the phosphorylated 1-MNG is a substrate for PfvC, which can catalyze removal of the last nitro group to produce glycerol-3-phosphate that enters central metabolism","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130424723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised Classification for Illegal Building Monitoring","authors":"Kranjcic N","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000157","url":null,"abstract":"In 2013 the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning has brought an act by which all illegally built objects must be legalized. To this date almost 75% legalization request has been solved. It is expected that by the end of 2019 all of the illegally built objects will be legalized. In order to prevent further construction of illegal objects the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning is seeking a way to easily detect start of illegal construction. Since the Copernicus satellite images are available free of charge and with resolution of 10m it should be possible to detect mentioned objects. This paper will provide analysis of Copernicus Sentinel 2A imagery for such use based on unsupervised classification using machine learning. If such procedure results in satisfying accuracy it will be proposed model for automation of the process for monitoring the illegal building construction based on Sentinel 2A imagery.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130124971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Appraisal of the Waste Crisis, Urban Floods and Municipal Solid Waste Management in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria","authors":"O. Dn","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000156","url":null,"abstract":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) system has become one of the contemporary issues of the 21st century at all levels. SWM value chain from generation, storage, collection, transportation to disposal requires proper and efficient control. The volume of waste that is generated should be minimized, storage containers should be adequate and suitable, collection should be frequent, transportation vehicles should be appropriate for the purpose and disposal of wastes should be at dumpsites. Municipal Solid Waste management for that matter has become problematic with Port Harcourt as the city is being inundated with so much filth which has proven to be very difficult and seemingly impossible for the municipal authorities to tackle. Efficient MSWM systems require professional management, supported by an informed population and appropriate legislation and policies. This narrative deals to review different waste fractions showing how several sources of pollution are affecting the environment, population health, and sustainable development. This calls for scholars and stakeholders to quantify the comprehensive impacts and plan for integrated solid waste collection, disposal and treatment systems, to improve environmental sustainability at all levels.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114996816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Techniques for Wastewater Treatment: A Review","authors":"Y. S","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000126","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater in lake and pond are often found to be polluted by heavy metals such as As, Zn, or Pb which are toxic in nature and non - biodegradable. Heavy metals are readily consumed by both aquatic flora and fauna present in the freshwater environment. It also polluted the air, water, and soil. Thus, they have adverse impact on the entire ecosystem. These heavy metals also enter the hum an systems through food consumed. This review discusses the methods and their mechanism used to reduce the amount of such heavy metals The methods which are in practice are Electrochemical Treatment (Electrocoagulation, Electro - Floatation, and Electro - Depo sition), Physicochemical Process (Chemical Precipitation, Ion - Exchange, and Adsorption), Membrane Filtration (Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, and Electro - Dialysis),and Photo - Catalysis and Nanotechnology Treatment.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116994993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Chemical Composition of Wastewater Released from Hawassa Castel Brewery Plant and its Impact on Groundwater","authors":"Melaku Zh","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000164","url":null,"abstract":"Brewery plants have been known to cause pollution if they have no proper environmental safety systems by discharging effluent into the receiving stream, ground water and soil. The study aims to assess the physicochemical composition of wastewater generated from Hawassa Castel brewery plant and its impact on the surrounding environment particularly on the quality of ground-water. Thus, the study was conducted on samples taken from effluents of Hawassa Castel brewery plant and ground water from the nearby areas. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, EC, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, NH3-N, chloride, TN and TP were analyzed both for effluent samples and groundwater samples. Brewery effluent samples were collected from three sampling stations S1 (brewery effluent discharge point), S2 (50 m from brewery effluent discharge point downstream), and S3 (100 m from brewery effluent discharge point downstream) and four groundwater samples namely G1, G2, G3, G4 were also collected from near Hawassa Castel brewery plant. Groundwater samples G1 and G2 were collected approximately 30 m away from effluent discharge point and groundwater samples G3 and G4 were collected 100 m away from the stream. The parameters monitored for the quantitative analysis of brewery wastewater and ground water. The values of BOD (70.9 ± 7.69 mg/L), COD (178.5 ± 42.8 mg/L), TDS (135.5 ± 34.3 mg/L), turbidity (7.44 ± 0.77 NTU), and phosphate (9.08 ± 4.6 mg/L) were found to be above the permissible industrial effluents discharge limits. Moreover, the presence of high levels of TDS (462.8 ± 216.8 mg/L), TSS (143.7 ± 62.7 mg/L), EC (2370.9 ± 595 μS/cm), nitrate (43.5 ± 21.3 mg/L), phosphate (0.61 ± 0.13 mg/L), and chloride (931.9 ± 42.7 mg/L) in the ground-water samples were immensely polluted by anthropogenic activities and making it unsuitable for drinking purpose. Thus, the concerned bodies should act to prevent further deterioration of the quality of groundwater.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114942982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News Making, COVID 19 Pandemic: A Radical Analysis on Risk on Waste Management","authors":"Raffaele Federici","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000142","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID 19 outbreak has triggered a global emergency. The corona virus crisis has led to a radical change in the space-time of everyday life. Workplaces and public spaces have been closed. The physical and social differentiation of the spaces of everyday life collapsed. Words such as lockdown, corona virus, personal protective equipment, isolation, physical distancing, spill over, zero patients, positive patient, intensive care, suppression, attenuation, have entered into the common language by configuring the language in a almost warlike terms. The logic of language always has some evidence and, in the current pandemic, the defence of human health seems to become a detailed conflict on the invasion of the virus, and in this specific semantic basin, every nuance seems to lose its meaning and everything becomes radical. In emergency times, waste management becomes, or rather, returns to be a serious and complex problem.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121881595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Residual Chlorine in Uasin Gishu’s Country Water Supply","authors":"Kiprop Ck","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000166","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of residual chlorine (RC) is important at final check to the quality of water supplied to consumers. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a standard at 0.2 - 0.3 mg/L of RC allowable. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), RC is important for it shows that a significant amount chlorine was initially added to the water to inactivate bacteria and also that the water is safe from recontamination. Given the current discussion on the global effects of chlorine to health, it would be of great importance to determine the levels of RC on the water that is consumed by households in Uasin Gishu County. This research work was set to evaluate the concentration of RC within the water supply of Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. Ten points were chosen at strategic points where tap drinking water were to be sampled for tests between the month of January and March 2021. The samples were tested using a comparator which showed exactly how much chlorine (in mg/L) is in the water if present. Several factors may affect the amount of residual chlorine in water which include pH, temperature and chlorine decay. These factors greatly dictates the results depending on the time and conditions in which the sample is kept before the testing. This shows why water tests differently at different distance points from the treatment plant. The results were tabulated in excel spreadsheets while graphs and charts were used to show comparison of residual chlorine at different sampling points.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130566383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination of Otofure Dumpsite Environment near Benin City Edo, Nigeria","authors":"Aighewi It","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000120","url":null,"abstract":"This study characteriz ed some indices of heavy metals in the soils of Otofure waste dumpsite environment near Benin City, Edo State in Southern Nigeria, in order to ascertain the level of heavy metal contamination of one of the several sites receiving municipal solid wastes dai ly. Six samples were collected at the dumpsite (DS) and the adjoining upland positions (US). The samples were air - dried, crushed and sieved through a 2mm sieve and pre - treated using standard methods before determining the h eavy metal concentrations in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Bulk Scientific 210 VGP) according to the method of the Association of Analytical Chemists. Various pollution indexes were computed using the analytical data obtained. The computed Enrichment factor (EF) showed that Mn. Fe, and cu had no enrichment at the top and subsurface of the dumpsite. However, there was a significant Zn enrichment and enrichment with Ni and V at the topsoil; and Extreme enrichment with Cr, Cd, and lead of the soil at the dumpsite. Also, the soil Co ntamination factor (CF) indicated a moderate contamination of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), Very High contamination of zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V). Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that Otof ure dumpsite is heavily polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals in general. Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) showed that soils of Otofure dumpsite were unpolluted to moderately polluted for manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), heavily polluted for zinc (Zn), Heavily to Extremely polluted for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), and Extremely polluted for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and vanadium (V). The potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed slight pollution for manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), a very strong pollution for chromium (Cr), and an extremely strong pollution for lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). The risk index (RI) for Otofure dumpsite indicated a very strong risk or level D pollution for the higher elevat ion around the Otofure dumpsite environment that could pose human health risks if crops from that environment is ingested. This result thus suggest the need for a gradual shift from surface municipal waste dumping of solid wastes to well - engineered and man aged recycling/sanitary landfill in Edo State and Nigeria in order to prevent heavy metal pollution of lands and possibly groundwater where shallow aquifers exist.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116481788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Alkali, Ash and Moisture Content of Some Agricultural Wastes","authors":"Ugariogu Sn","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000137","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative analysis of alkali, moisture and ash contents of some agricultural wastes which include palm bunch, plantain peel, banana leaf and maize cob were carried out to assess their usefulness in food, chemical and soap industries and as well as the possibility of reducing environmental pollution caused by them. Standard methods of analysis were used for all the parameters and the results revealed that all the wastes contain considerable amount of alkali in (g/l) as follows 0.05, 0.062, 0.016 and 0.03 and their molarity in mol/dm3 as 0.134, 0.09, 0.086 and 0.038 for Palm bunch, Plantain peel, Banana leaf and Maize cob respectively. The percentage ash content results were 2.91, 1.62, 2.02 and 1.12 while moisture content results were 53.77, 86.95, 79.05, and 38.54 respectively. The results suggested that some of the waste can be used for several beneficial purposes thereby reducing the harm and pollution they caused to the environment","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132114818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}