Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Antibacterial activity and genomic characterisation of a novel <i>Brevibacillus laterosporus</i> XJ-24-3 isolated from Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Ming Wu, Shuang Chen, Guofei Li, Huimei Zhang, Fushuang Duan, Yufei Zuo, Xuepeng Cai, Jie Li, Qingling Meng, Jun Qiao","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0039","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Brevibacillus laterosporus</i> is a significant probiotic with notable antimicrobial activity. This study employs a genome-guided discovery strategy to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and antimicrobial potential of a novel <i>B. laterosporus</i> isolate against multidrug-resistant pathogens.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A <i>B. laterosporus</i> strain designated XJ-24-3 was isolated from the soil of a pasture area in Xinjiang, China using the dilution plate method. The XJ-24-3 isolate was identified and characterised by morphology, biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterium exhibited bactericidal activity against diverse foodborne pathogens, including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Functional genome annotation revealed catalytic activity and molecular binding domains, signifying energy metabolism and environmental adaptability. Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme profiling demonstrated polysaccharide-processing proficiency, corroborated by Cluster of Orthologous Groups classification finding numerous instances of metabolic gene enrichment. Transporter Classification Database analysis indicated the strain predominantly employed active transport mechanisms for substrate translocation. Bioinformatic mining predicted biosynthetic potential for antimicrobial compounds - bogorol A, laterosporulin and linear azol(in)e-containing peptides - positing XJ-24-3 as a promising source of novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidated the genomic characteristics of the novel XJ-24-3 isolate and uncovered the genetic basis for its antibacterial properties, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development of novel antibacterial proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity, virulence factors and drug resistance of <i>Pantoea</i> strains isolated from samples of fresh fruits, vegetables and soil.","authors":"Ewelina Farian, Katarzyna Kowalczyk, Teresa Kłapeć, Jacek Sroka, Piotr Skowron, Grzegorz Siebielec, Tamara Jadczyszyn, Jolanta Małgorzata Zdybel, Tomasz Cencek, Angelina Wójcik-Fatla","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0047","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Pantoea</i> is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the <i>Erwiniaceae</i> family. These bacteria are opportunistic human pathogens which are widely distributed in plants and soil. This study aimed to reveal the genetic diversity of <i>Pantoea</i> isolates from food and soil, characterise them biochemically and evaluate their drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirty <i>Pantoea</i> strains were isolated from fresh fruit (n = 2), fresh and minimally processed vegetables (n = 12) and soil samples (n = 16). The genomic DNA was isolated from cultures on nutrient agar, and species were identified by amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA and housekeeping gene fragments and confirmed by sequencing. Virulence gene presence was determined by amplification of the <i>hcp</i> (haemolysin-coregulated protein), <i>vgrG</i> (glycine-valine repeat sequence G), <i>acrA</i> (anti-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat protein A) and <i>acrB</i> genes. Isolate drug resistance was tested using the disc-diffusion and gradient strip methods. The presence of Ambler class C (AmpC) β-lactamase (βL) and extended-spectrum (ES) βL resistance genes was tested for.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five species were identified: <i>P. agglomerans</i> (n = 24), <i>P. ananatis</i> (n = 1), <i>P. eucalypti</i> (n = 1), <i>P. conspicua</i> (n = 1) and <i>P. vagans</i> (n = 2). The <i>hcp</i> and <i>vrgG</i> virulence genes were detected in 7 and 1 strain, respectively. All strains showed high resistance to cephazolin and cephuroxime, and more than half did so to ampicillin. The production of AmpC βL and ESβL was confirmed in 22 and 25 strains, respectively. Three strains of the <i>Pantoea</i> bacteria, including <i>P. ananatis</i> from leeks and <i>P. agglomerans</i> from arugula and soil, showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Pantoea</i> spp., including multidrug-resistant strains, in fresh foods pose a potential risk of infection to consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"477-488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological evidence of influenza D virus circulation among cattle in Poland.","authors":"Małgorzata Kwaśnik, Jerzy Rola, Magdalena Larska, Wojciech Rożek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0048","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The circulation of influenza D virus (IDV) has been confirmed in Europe, North America, Asia and Africa through seroprevalence and molecular studies, as well as by virus isolation. Its broad host range raises concerns about zoonotic potential, with cattle recognised as the natural reservoir. This study finds the seroprevalence of IDV in cattle, associates animal-level variables such as age, sex and origin and assesses the frequency of IDV exposure in small ruminants and horses in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 1,029 serum samples were analysed, comprising 755 from cattle, 224 from small ruminants and 50 from horses. To assess the serological response, haemagglutination inhibition tests were performed, and samples classified as positive were subsequently tested with a virus neutralisation test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings suggest possible circulation of IDV among cattle in Poland and give an estimated seroprevalence of 45.2%. Seroprevalence was related to age, with older cattle being more likely to test IDV seropositive. Regional differences were also observed, with the highest seroprevalence found in the Wielkopolskie voivodeship, an area known for its intensive cattle farming and one of the largest bovine populations in Poland, exceeding one million animals. No confirmation of IDV occurrence was obtained in any of the 274 sheep, goats, or horses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of IDV circulation in the country, highlighting the need for further research to better understand the virus' transmission pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"305-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice.","authors":"Michał Zimecki, Jolanta Artym, Maja Kocięba, Ewa Zaczyńska, Angelika Sysak, Marianna Szczypka, Magdalena Lis, Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz, Aleksandra Zambrowicz, Łukasz Bobak","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Yolkin is an egg yolk-derived protein with well-established immunoregulatory activities. In this study its potential restorative properties in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Mice were treated with a sublethal dose of CP, followed by an access to yolkin contained in drinking water. The mice were immunised with oxazolone (OXA) for contact sensitivity (CS) and with ovalbumin (OVA) for the antibody specific response after 15 or 26 days of treatment with yolkin, respectively. The lymphoid organs were isolated for determination of immune cell numbers and their phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant suppression of CS following CP treatment and a restoration of this response by yolkin were found. However, no effects of CP and yolkin on the antibody response were registered. In the case of CS a significant loss of T cell numbers in splenocytes was noted. The restoration of CS correlated with reversal of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell loss to 88%, 89% and 76.6% of the values observed in the control mice. A significant depletion of the B cells, and all bone marrow cells after CP treatment, was completely restored after 26 day treatment with yolkin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented results add new information to the already described immunoregulatory properties of the protein and indicate a potential of oral yolkin in restoration of cellular immune response in immunocompromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"395-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivation of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> in an <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> cell line to assess this tick as a potential reservoir of the bacterium.","authors":"Violetta Zając, Jacek Sroka, Ewa Bilska-Zając, Angelina Wójcik-Fatla","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0045","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Bartonella</i> spp. are gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria with zoonotic potential. These microorganisms are emerging vector-borne pathogens distributed worldwide and infecting humans, domestic mammals and wildlife. This study investigated the possibility of culturing <i>Bartonella henselae</i> in a tick cell line derived from <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> embryonic cell line (IRE/CTVM19) and the Houston-1 strain of <i>B. henselae</i> were used for culture studies. Replication of <i>B. henselae</i> was quantified with the use of a SYBR Green real-time PCR and transcribed complementary DNA (cDNA) in samples collected separately from the supernatant and monolayer of culture from 1 to 9 days post-infection (d.p.i.). Identification of <i>B. henselae</i> was based on the detection of a fragment of the <i>ribC</i> gene encoding riboflavin synthase. Quantification was performed indirectly by determining the threshold cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic observations confirmed that infection with <i>B. henselae</i> did not show any visible negative effect on tick cells. The quantity of <i>B. henselae</i> cDNA from the monolayer remained low, and a slight increase was observed at 4, 8 and 9 d.p.i. Significantly, the highest amount of <i>B. henselae</i> was observed at 2 d.p.i. in samples isolated from the supernatant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The maintenance of live <i>B. henselae</i> in an <i>I. ricinus</i>-derived cell line was confirmed. The low level of multiplication in the tick cell line suggested a limited role of <i>I. ricinus</i> as a reservoir of <i>B. henselae</i>. The IRE/CTVM19 tick cell line is suitable for culture of <i>B. henselae</i>, and this model may be useful in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"469-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> genetic assemblages isolated from dogs and cats in Poland.","authors":"Dawid Jańczak, Jakub Olszewski, Aleksandra Kornelia Maj, Piotr Górecki, Magdalena Nowak, Olga Szaluś-Jordanow","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0043","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Giardia duodenalis</i> (syn. <i>G. intestinalis</i> and <i>G. lamblia</i>) is a protozoan intestinal parasite that infects various vertebrates. Genetic analyses of <i>G. duodenalis</i> have identified eight genetic assemblages (groups), designated A-H. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in household dogs and cats in Poland, analyse isolates by assemblage and relate assemblage results to zoonotic potential.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>From January to February 2024, 1,937 faecal samples from dogs and 1,077 samples from cats were examined microscopically for <i>G. duodenalis</i> cysts using the zinc flotation method. Positive samples were retained for further molecular tests. Genetic analysis was performed on the basis of the <i>β-giardin</i> locus which is 511 base pairs long. The obtained sequences were compared with reference sequences in the GenBank database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Giardia duodenalis</i> cysts were detected in 11.3% (219/1,937) of dogs and 7.06% (76/1,077) of cats using the zinc flotation method. Assemblages B, C, D and F were identified in 11, 77, 126 and 5 dogs, respectively. All isolates from cats were identified as assemblage F.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high rate of infection in pets increases the risk of transmission of zoonotic <i>Giardia</i> genetic assemblages to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"447-455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is <i>Shewanella oncorhynchi</i> a fish health threat? Possible genetic background of pathogenicity and common carp challenge.","authors":"Ewa Paździor, Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska, Arkadiusz Bomba, Dariusz Wasyl","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0042","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The <i>Shewanella</i> genus is widely distributed in aquatic environments and occurs in different niches with a wide range of temperatures and salinities. It includes a novel species, <i>S. oncorhynchi</i>, described as recently as 2022, causing lens atrophy, inappetence and growth retardation in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, Walbaum 1792). <i>Shewanella oncorhynchi</i> also occurs in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L.), but its potential pathogenicity in this species is unclear.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this study, the pathogenicity of three well-characterised <i>S. oncorhynchi</i> strains was assessed <i>in vivo</i> in experimental infection of common carp and <i>in vitro</i> by estimation of their cytotoxicity to an epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line. The strains' characterisation involved whole-genome sequencing to identify possible virulence genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study proved the pathogenicity of <i>S. oncorhynchi</i> to common carp and the bacterium's cytotoxicity to epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. Swollen abdomens, lens opacity, areas of discoloration and skin lesions were recorded in infected common carp. However, the ability to cause disease symptoms and mortality depended on the strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed the potential roles of the quorum-sensing system, type IV pili, fimbriae, stress survival, iron metabolism and secretion system genes in the virulence of <i>S. oncorhynchi</i>. Of these, the <i>vscC2, vscN2, vscR2, vscS2</i> and <i>vscU2</i> type III secretion system genes potentially and probably enhance the bacterium's ability to cause lesions in common carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dioxin levels in meat samples of selected free-living and farmed cervids.","authors":"Małgorzata Warenik-Bany, Szczepan Mikołajczyk, Marek Pajurek, Sebastian Maszewski, Ewelina Bigoraj","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0037","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the research was to determine the levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in muscle samples of free-living and farmed cervids and to estimate the health risk to consumers of food originating from these animals.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The research material was collected from red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i> L.) (n = 22), roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i> L.) (n = 6) and fallow deer (<i>Dama dama</i>) (n = 6). The isotope dilution technique, supported by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average concentration of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs in the muscles of free-living cervids was 4.77 ± 2.92 pg World Health Organization toxic equivalency quotients (WHO-TEQ)/g fat, and in the muscles of farmed cervids was 1.85 ± 1.21 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat. Of the tested samples taken from free-living animals, approximately 13% did not meet the requirements of EC Regulation No. 2023/915 EU as they exceeded the maximum limit for congeners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both frequent and occasional consumption of meat obtained from free-living and farmed cervids do not pose a threat to human health, because estimated intake of the analysed congeners is very low from these sources. However, very frequent consumption of highly contaminated free-ranging wild game muscles can pose a health risk (in this pattern, an adult consumes dioxins at 133% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) and a child at 202% of the TWI).</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"381-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the oral administration of lactic-acid probiotic bacteria on the vaginal microflora of bitches.","authors":"Piotr Andrzej Socha, Sławomir Zduńczyk","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0041","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In recent years, probiotics have been increasingly used in companion animals. However, there are few studies on their effect on canine vaginal flora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orally administrated multi-strain lactic-acid probiotic bacteria on the vaginal flora of healthy bitches.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 38 Labrador retriever bitches were given one sachet of multi-strain probiotic with food once a day for nine weeks. Samples for microbiological examination were taken twice (on day 0 and day 63) from the cranial vagina and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bacterial growth was found in 84.2% of the samples on day 0 and in 94.7% of the samples on day 63. Mixed cultures were found in 63.1% of bitches with positive bacterial tests on day 0 and in 73.6% on day 63, and contained a mean 1.8 bacterial strains. An increase in the prevalence of <i>E. coli</i>, Gram-negative rods other than <i>E. coli, Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp./ <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. was noted after nine weeks (P < 0.05). After the oral administration of the lactic-acid probiotic bacteria, potentially pathogenic <i>Clostridium perfringens, Canicola haemoglobinophilus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were not isolated. The prevalence of <i>Streptococci</i> other than <i>Streptococcus canis</i> was significantly higher after the administration of the probiotic (26.3% <i>vs</i> 5.3%, P < 0.05), and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. were isolated in the samples of 28.9% of bitches. There was no increase in the prevalence of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate a beneficial effect of oral lactic-acid probiotic bacteria on the composition of vaginal flora in bitches; however, further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Taylorella equigenitalis</i> infections in Poland - results of current diagnostic investigations.","authors":"Bernard Wasiński, Jolanta Złotnicka, Maria Kubajka, Martyna Olejarczyk, Krzysztof Szulowski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0040","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2025-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a cosmopolitan infectious, venereal disease of equids caused by the bacterium <i>Taylorella equigenitalis</i>. Its frequently asymptomatic course leads to its prevalence sometimes being underestimated, and knowledge of the spread of infections with its causative agent is insufficient. The aim of this study is to summarise and present data on the incidence of <i>T. equigenitalis</i> infections in horses in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In the years 2018-2023, routine laboratory tests of horses for CEM were carried out. Between 52 and 99 horses were examined annually. Swabs from the external parts of the urogenital system of mares and stallions were investigated. The supplied swabs were inoculated onto microbiological media and then DNA was isolated from each swab for PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2018 and 2020, no horses infected with <i>T. equigenitalis</i> were found by any method. In other years, from 1 to 3 (1.01-4.41%) infected horses were found. All positive horses were stallions and came from stables located in central Poland.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of infected horses in relatively small groups of tested animals indicates an urgent need to introduce monitoring to estimate the spread of <i>T. equigenitalis</i> infections throughout the country. This may facilitate a more precise assessment of the prevalence of <i>T. equigenitalis</i> infections in Poland and, consequently, their more effective containment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"69 3","pages":"339-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}