Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"The diagnostic value of selected immune parameters in peripheral blood of dogs with malignant mammary tumours - a preliminary study.","authors":"Urszula Lisiecka, Piotr Brodzki, Anna Śmiech, Katarzyna Michalak, Stanisław Winiarczyk, Beata Żylińska, Łukasz Adaszek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0035","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The main adaptive immune cells are T and B lymphocytes and they play key roles in the induction of immune responses against canine mammary tumours. Investigating these cell subpopulations may lead to more precise diagnosis of these malignancies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and of CD21⁺ B cells in the peripheral blood of bitches with malignant mammary tumours were compared with those in the blood of healthy animals. The phenotypic features of peripheral blood leukocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in the mean percentages of CD3⁺ lymphocytes between healthy (66.7%) and metastatic dogs (46.1%), and between tumour-bearing non-metastatic (66.6%) and metastatic dogs. There was also a significant difference in CD4⁺ T helper cell percentages between healthy dogs (40.4%) and dogs with metastases (23.2%), and between the latter and dogs without them (35.5%). In the case of CD21⁺ lymphocyte subsets, a significant difference was noted between healthy animals (10.9%) and those with metastases (20.1%), and between the latter and patients without metastases (8.5%). There were also significant differences in CD3⁺/CD21⁺ ratios between the group with metastases (3.0), the healthy group (7.8), and the group without metastases (8.5). Similarly, a significant difference was noted in CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios between animals with metastases (1.4), bitches in the control group (2.2), and dogs without metastases (1.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peripheral blood leukocyte phenotypic characteristics are putative novel biomarkers. These findings may be useful in future studies improving mammary tumour diagnostic procedures, especially in metastasis detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector-borne diseases imported to Poland between 2021 and 2023.","authors":"Łukasz Adaszek, Marta Staniec, Banu Dokuzeylül, Maria Pisarek, Maciej Skrzypczak, Paweł Żółkiewski, Małgorzata Rutkowska-Szulczyk, Łukasz Deneka, Mehmet Erman Or, Stanisław Winiarczyk","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0033","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence of selected vector-borne diseases in anaemic dogs arriving in or returning to Poland from areas endemic for these diseases.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study involved 497 dogs, of which 184 came to Poland from Ukraine with their owners fleeing the war. Other animals returned to the country from holidays spent in Croatia (n = 96), Turkey (n = 79), Italy (n = 48), Bulgaria (n = 42), Albania (n = 36) and Romania (n = 12). Molecular biology methods were used for detection of pathogens transmitted by the vectors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular tests revealed the presence of vector-borne pathogens in 79 dogs. The most commonly diagnosed infection was caused by <i>Babesia canis</i> (27 dogs), followed by infections with <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> (in 20 dogs), <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis</i> (15 dogs), <i>Bartonella henselae</i> (7 dogs), <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> (4 dogs), <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> (3 dogs), <i>Babesia gibsoni</i> (2 dogs) and <i>Leishmania infantum</i> (1 dog). Most of the sick dogs (n = 39) came from Ukraine. In dogs spending holidays with their owners outside Poland, vector-borne diseases were most often detected after their return from Turkey (n = 16), and next in descending order from Croatia (n = 7), Italy (n = 6), Albania (n = 4), Bulgaria (n = 4) and Romania (n = 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The wider migration crisis and increasingly frequent trips of owners with their dogs to areas of endemic infectious and parasitic diseases observed in recent years are the main risk factors for the occurrence of these diseases in Poland. Therefore, constant monitoring of vector-borne diseases, especially in dogs returning from holidays and arriving in Poland from abroad, seems to be crucial for their early detection and introduction of appropriate therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chickens' eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances.","authors":"Szczepan Mikołajczyk, Małgorzata Warenik-Bany, Marek Pajurek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0034","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study focuses on perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) content in chickens' eggs and the livers of farm animals.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Chickens' eggs (n = 25) and the livers of cows (n = 10), chickens (n = 7) and horses (n = 3) were collected from various regions of Poland. Samples were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean lower bound (LB) sum of four PFAS (∑4 PFAS) concentrations (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)) were the highest in cows' livers (0.52 μg/kg) and much lower in chickens' (0.17 μg/kg) and horses' livers (0.13 μg/kg) and chickens' eggs (0.096 μg/kg). The ratio of ∑4 PFASs to the limits set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 was <7% for liver and <6% for eggs. Linear PFOS was the compound with the highest detection frequency (8% in eggs and 48% in all livers). In cows' livers it was detected in 80% of samples. The estimated exposure to LB ∑4 PFASs <i>via</i> consumption of liver tissue from farm animals (assuming 50 g and 100 g portions) was <52% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for children and <17% of the TWI for adults. Dietary intake <i>via</i> the average portion of three eggs led to low exposure of <15% for children and <5% for adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neither eggs nor the livers of chickens or horses as analysed in this study are significant sources of PFASs, while cows' livers might contribute significantly to a child's overall dietary intake. Further investigation of PFOS in farm animal livers should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of doxycycline residues in bones after oral administration to broiler chickens.","authors":"Anna Gajda, Iwona Szymanek-Bany, Ewelina Nowacka-Kozak, Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0030","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chicken bones, a by-product of the poultry industry, can directly or indirectly enter the food chain. Bone meal and bone products could be sources of many contaminants. Considering the wide range of uses made of bones in the culinary and food industries, this material needs to be safe and antibiotic residue-free. To determine if such is the case, the concentration of doxycycline in chicken bones was investigated, this antimicrobial being one of the most commonly used in poultry production.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ross 308 broilers were grouped into three experimental and one control group. Doxycycline was administered in drinking water at therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses, as well as <i>via</i> spray treatment. The concentration of doxycycline in bones was determined post slaughter by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Doxycycline was quantified at 135 μg/kg 22 days after the last day of antibiotic administration at therapeutic doses; 2,285 μg/kg after sub-therapeutic treatment for 27 days and 9.62 μg/kg 22 days after the end of spray application.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High concentrations and long persistence of doxycycline in bones were found in this study. Doxycycline can contaminate all bone-derived products in the food and fertiliser industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of transfer of different sulphonamides from contaminated beeswax to honey.","authors":"Kamila Mitrowska, Maja Antczak","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0029","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>No maximum residue limits in honey have been legislated in the EU for antimicrobial substances such as sulphonamides, and they are not permitted, therefore, for treating honey bees unless in a cascade system. Since sulphonamides are used illegally in apiculture to treat foulbrood, their residues can be found in honey and other apiculture products, including beeswax. The study aimed to assess the contamination of honey from beeswax containing residues of 10 sulphonamides (sulphadimethoxine (SDM), sulphadoxine (SDX), sulphamonomethoxine (SMM), sulphamethoxazole (SMX), sulphameter (SMT), sulphamethazine (SMZ), sulphamerazine (SMR), sulphadiazine (SDA), sulphathiazole (STZ) and sulphacetamide (SCA)).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Wax-based foundations fortified with 10 sulphonamides at 10,000 μg/kg were evaluated for sulphonamide concentrations and then placed in a beehive so that honey bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) could build honeycombs with them. Frames of capped honey were taken out of the hives one month later and honey was sampled from them. The honeycombs were subsequently incubated in a laboratory at 35°C for five months, and honey was sampled monthly. The honey sulphonamide concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared to the wax-based foundation concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum transfers to honey of the initial amount of SDM, SDX, SMM, SMX, SMT, SMZ, SMR, SDA, STZ and SCA in the wax-based foundations were 42.6, 34.3, 31.7, 30.1, 29.5, 25.2, 18.7, 16.1, 9.5 and 8.6%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that every tested sulphonamide could migrate from beeswax in antimicrobial-tainted honeycombs to honey, SDM having the highest migration potential and SCA the lowest.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles in cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus: isolation and molecular analysis.","authors":"Maria Szczotka, Magdalena Wasiak, Jacek Kuźmak","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0031","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exosomes are nanosized lipid bilayer membranous microvesicles, extracellularly released from a variety of mammalian cells. They mediate intercellular signalling by transporting several types of RNA, lipids and proteins and participate in the intercellular exchange of DNA, RNA, micro RNA, proteins and other components. These microvesicles are present in all body fluids in physiological and pathological conditions and reflect the state of the host organism. The aim of the study was the isolation and molecular determination of exosomes in blood and supernatant fluids of bovine dendritic cell cultures infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the blood sera, plasma and supernatant of bovine BLV-infected and uninfected control dendritic cell cultures and their presence was confirmed with scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis of the structural BLV glycoprotein 51 (Env) and protein 24 (Gag) and of the tetraspanin exosomal markers CD9, CD63 and flotillin-1 was undertaken in BLV+ and control BLV- cattle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In exosomes of leukaemic cattle both BLV proteins and exosomal markers were detected. In healthy control animals only exosomal markers were determined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Proteins of BLV were released with exosomes and could be transferred into recipient cells as an alternative propagation route not requiring virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency of mycotoxin binding by sorbents in the in vitro model using a naturally contaminated animal feed","authors":"Adrianna Żybura, P. Jedziniak","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The productivity of domestic animals and the safety of food products derived from them are jeopardised by mycotoxins in animal feed. To control them, feed additives are used, which limit the absorption of mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract of animals by binding to them. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new in vitro model in experiments on the binding of mycotoxins from buffers and contaminated feed and to confirm the effect of a single sorbent or mixture in binding them.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Nine mineral sorbents were tested for their efficiency binding eight mycotoxins. Two in vitro experiments were conducted to indicate the mycotoxin-binding capacity of sorbents, each specifying a buffer with one of two different pH levels reflecting gastrointestinal conditions (pH 3.5 and 7.0). The first investigated the sorbent with only the buffer and mycotoxin standards, while the second did so with the sorbent, buffer and feed naturally contaminated with mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The sorption was significantly lower in the trial with feed. In the first experiment at gastric pH (pH 3.5), activated charcoal bound deoxynivalenol and sepiolite bound zearalenone at 70% and 96%, respectively, whereas in the second experiment with feed, the binding was only 3% and 6%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study underlines the challenge of finding a feed additive that would work comprehensively, binding all mycotoxins regulated by law.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae influences the electrophoretic parameters in blood in young Charolaise bulls","authors":"F. Arfuso, C. Giannetto, Melissa Pennisi, Elisabetta Giudice, G. Piccione, M. Gianesella, A. Zumbo","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on some acute-phase proteins, haptoglobin and all electrophoretic parameters in young Charolaise bulls.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty bulls were divided into two equal groups: the control group (CG) receiving the base diet without yeast supplementation and the diet supplementation group (YG) receiving the base diet with 5g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation. The base diet was total mixed ration allocated at 11.85 kg per animal per day. Blood samples were collected from all bulls on day 0 before the start of the diet supplementation, and on days 20 and 40 after the start. Total proteins, albumin, globulin fraction (α1-, α2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins), albumin: globulin ratio (A: G) and haptoglobin were determined.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the yeast feeding time on all studied parameters except α2-globulins in both groups. The YG showed a higher average concentration of total proteins, albumin and A: G and a lower average concentration of γ-globulins and haptoglobin than the CG.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 These results indicated the beneficial effect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the inflammatory status of the young bulls, which showed an adequate response in serum levels of the acute-phase proteins tested.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus strains detected in broiler chickens on diets without immunostimulant supplements","authors":"J. Niczyporuk, W. Kozdruń, Grzegorz Tomczyk, Karolina Piekarska, Marcin Barabasz, Marcin Michalski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Outbreaks of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection in chicken flocks in Poland threaten birds’ health and lives and are rising in frequency. The risk of these infections in immunocompromised poultry flocks with developed clinical symptoms was analysed through virus detection in broiler chicks and correlation of cases with the birds’ immune strength.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Samples were analysed from four broiler farms with chicks from the same hatchery in Silesia, Poland where feeding regimes were different. A normal diet was provided to birds on the control farm; a normal diet and probiotic, prebiotic, vitamin and microelement supplementation was supplied on another farm; a normal diet and antibiotics on the third; and a normal diet and both forms of supplementation were given on the fourth farm. Amplification of the virus DNA in a PCR with hexon gene L1 loop hypervariable region 1–4 primers determined the molecular characteristics of isolates of adenovirus strains obtained from necropsy tissue samples. The amplicon sequences were analysed, the pair-wise distances were determined, the maximum likelihood estimate for the gamma parameter for site rates was produced, Tajima’s D neutrality test was run and the relative synonymous codon usage and transition/transversion bias were calculated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two species and two serotypes of fowl adenovirus – MW353018-FAdV-1/A-L-liver and MW353019-FAdV-5/B-I-intestine – were isolated in three-week-old broiler chicks on the control farm.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Supplementation of broiler chicken flocks with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and microelements may have a significant beneficial effect on immunity and can prevent virus infection. The studies provided new information on the molecular characteristics of adenovirus strains isolated from chicks with a low level of immunity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect on the splenocyte function of weaned piglets induced by continuous lipopolysaccharide injections","authors":"Tingyu Yang, G. Zhao, Wenlu Zhu, Wanting Yu, Yi-Bao Jiang, Yun Zhou, Yong Li","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 When piglets are exposed to pathogens for a long period, the immune system organs, among them the spleen, play a major role in combating the stress caused by those pathogens. In the present study, the effect on splenocyte function was investigated in a model of weaned piglets in which stress was induced by multiple low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Forty-eight 28-day-old piglets were divided into two groups: the LPS group and the control group. During the experimental period of thirteen days, the LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day, and the control group was injected with the same volume of 0.9% sterile saline. On the 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th days, the piglets’ spleens were collected for isolating splenocytes. The proliferation ability of splenocytes was evaluated by the cell-counting-kit 8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle stage and apoptosis, and the nitric oxide level of cell supernatant was also tested.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the experimental group, the proliferation ability of splenocytes was enhanced, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was smaller, and cells were promoted to the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, apoptosis was suppressed and nitric oxide release upregulated. The results were significantly different between the LPS group and the control group on the 5th and 9th days.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The difference between the results of one group and those of the other suggest that after the 5th LPS injection, multiple low doses of LPS activated splenocytes and restored the number of splenocytes, which maintained and possibly enhanced the regulation of the immune function of the spleen.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}