Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care最新文献

{"title":"Phentolamine Infusion for the Treatment of Norepinephrine Extravasation in a Dog","authors":"Grace E. Flynn,&nbsp;Cody I. Riffe,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Aicher,&nbsp;Lance R. Wheeler","doi":"10.1111/vec.13461","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe a case of clinically significant norepinephrine extravasation in a dog with a successful outcome following the use of subcutaneous phentolamine infusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An 8-year-old male neutered Labrador Retriever experienced norepinephrine extravasation from a cephalic, peripheral intravenous catheter while under anesthesia for an exploratory laparotomy. Upon recognition of norepinephrine extravasation, moderate subcutaneous edema and a painful dermal plaque were apparent at the extravasation site. Ten milligrams of phentolamine mesylate, a potent alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, were diluted in 10 mL of sterile saline and administered subcutaneously in small aliquots at multiple sites in the area of extravasation. The patient remained hemodynamically stable during and after the infusion. Most phentolamine injections produced instantaneous erythematous macules that resolved 24–36 h later, and the integument in the extravasation area rapidly changed from a “blanched” to a “pink” color. The subcutaneous edema gradually resolved within 7 days post-extravasation. At 12 h following extravasation, the dermal plaque progressed into a necrotic focus, which later developed into an ulcer (36 h), then a small crust (7 days), and finally healed epidermis (9 days). When the patient was euthanized 10 days after surgery due to continued decline secondary to systemic disease, there remained only a small superficial crust at the site of extravasation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Unique Information</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To the authors’ knowledge at the time of submission, this case report documented the first reported clinical use of subcutaneous phentolamine infusion for the management of norepinephrine extravasation in a veterinary species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 2","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemothorax Secondary to Rupture of an Aneurysmal Structure of Thromboembolism-Related Collateral Vasculature in a Dog","authors":"Dory Meraz,&nbsp;Christina W. Bray,&nbsp;Andrew D. Eitzer,&nbsp;Steven W. Frederick","doi":"10.1111/vec.13454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13454","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe hemothorax secondary to the spontaneous rupture of an aneurysmal dilation of a collateral vascular structure potentially resulting from chronic pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An 11-year-old male neutered Schnauzer mix weighing 12.6 kg was presented to the emergency service of a veterinary specialty referral hospital for an episode of collapse. The dog was diagnosed with spontaneous (atraumatic) hemothorax and stabilized. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the thorax identified a large, aneurysmal dilation of a suspected collateral vascular structure in the mediastinum with a large thrombus in the dilatation, consistent with a recent rupture. In addition, multiple mineralized pulmonary arterial thrombi were identified. These findings were suggestive of chronic, thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with suspected secondary acquired collateral circulation and subsequent aneurysmal dilatation and rupture of one of these structures, resulting in the bilateral hemothorax. The underlying cause of the thrombi was not identified despite an extensive workup. Upon resolution of the hemothorax, the dog was discharged with clopidogrel and has had no recurrence in 4 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first description of canine hemothorax possibly caused by the rupture of an aneurysmal dilation of suspected pulmonary hypertension-related vascular collaterals in a dog. CT is indicated in dogs with atraumatic hemothorax and evidence of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 2","pages":"171-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Complications Associated With Surgically Placed Gastrostomy Tubes in Dogs (2010–2020): 133 Cases","authors":"Stephanie Schiavone,&nbsp;April E. Blong,&nbsp;Miranda Buseman,&nbsp;Bianca Reyes,&nbsp;Valery Scharf,&nbsp;Lingnan Yuan,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Mochel,&nbsp;Rebecca A. L. Walton","doi":"10.1111/vec.13452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13452","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the frequencies of in-hospital complications and survival to discharge in dogs with surgically placed gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) and to assess the association between G-tube complications and primary disease, serum albumin concentration, and plasma total protein concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective multicenter study was performed at two university teaching hospitals between January 2010 and December 2020, including 133 dogs with surgically placed G-tubes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine dogs (6.7%) experienced a complication associated with the surgically placed G-tube. The most common complication was stoma site infection/inflammation (8/133 dogs [6%]), which was managed with topical therapy alone. One dog had septic peritonitis secondary to gastrointestinal leakage (1/133 [0.75%]). There was no association between primary etiology, serum albumin concentration, or plasma total protein concentration and complications. No dog died or was euthanized as a result of G-tube complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A low in-hospital complication frequency was found to be associated with surgically placed G-tubes in dogs with a variety of primary disease processes. Stoma site infection or inflammation was the major complication noted. Surgically placed G-tubes may be useful in patients undergoing abdominal surgery that are likely to need ongoing nutritional support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 2","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply Regarding E/CC for Exotic Pets","authors":"Lily Parkinson","doi":"10.1111/vec.13460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 2","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors That may be Associated With Tracheal Decannulation Failure in Dogs Requiring Temporary Tracheostomy After Upper Airway Surgery for Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome","authors":"Lauren E. Minter,&nbsp;Rebecka S. Hess,&nbsp;Deborah C. Silverstein","doi":"10.1111/vec.13453","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13453","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To evaluate the variables associated with unsuccessful tracheal decannulation in brachycephalic breeds after upper airway surgery.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Retrospective study from 2010 to 2022.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;University teaching hospital.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Animals&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fifty-one client-owned dogs requiring a temporary tracheostomy after upper airway surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Procedures&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Medical records of dogs receiving a temporary tracheostomy after upper airway surgery for BOAS were reviewed. Dogs that underwent a tracheostomy decannulation attempt were included. Data were extracted from the medical record, including signalment, patient size, type of airway surgery, presence of hypoplastic trachea, presence of laryngeal collapse, prophylactic versus emergency tracheostomy, frequency of cannula suctioning, and time from tracheostomy to decannulation attempt. The association of these factors with successful decannulation and the number of decannulation attempts were evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Of 699 dogs with BOAS that had upper airway surgery, 54 (7.7%) had a temporary tracheostomy performed. Dogs with an increased frequency of tracheostomy tube suctioning in the 24-h period before the first decannulation attempt were less likely to have a successful decannulation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03). Dogs with laryngeal collapse were less likely to have a successful decannulation at first attempt (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). The overall probability of successful decannulation was 88.2% at a median of 50 postoperative hours. Forty-five percent of patients had a successful first decannulation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Results indicated that an increased frequency of tracheostomy tube suctioning or a diagnosis of laryngeal collapse was negatively associated with successful decannulation. The use of alternative methods to reduce respiratory secretions and the development of specific suctioning protocols may be warranted. Patients with laryngeal collapse requiring temporary tracheostomy may have a poorer prognosis. Multiple statistical comparisons were made without correction, so these data should be considered preliminary, and future studies are required to confirm these risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 2","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Prelim","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.13395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicenter retrospective evaluation of norepinephrine extravasation in dogs and cats (2015–2021): 14 cases","authors":"Maria P. Vasquez DVM,&nbsp;Meredith Daly VMD, DACVECC,&nbsp;Corrin J. Boyd BSc, BVMS(Hons), GradDipEd MVetClinStud, MANZCVS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Dawn E. Crandell DVM, DVSc, DACVECC,&nbsp;Kelly E. Hall DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Erin Long Mays DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Tandi Ngwenyama DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Jennifer Ortolani DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;M. Ryan Smith DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Sabrina N. Hoehne Dr med vet, DACVECC, DECVECC,&nbsp;Linda Martin DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Elizabeth B. Davidow DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To document clinical complications and intervention options associated with norepinephrine (NE) extravasation in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were identified between 2015 and 2021. Because this is an uncommon complication, the findings are compiled as a descriptive retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were provided from 4 universities and 2 private practice groups in the United States, Canada, and Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen patients (13 dogs, 1 cat) that experienced extravasation events (16 total).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small animal patients were included where extravasation of a NE constant rate infusion (CRI) was documented. Records were reviewed for information, including suspected underlying condition, description of the interventions pursued after identification of extravasation, clinical signs after extravasation, and survival to discharge or reason for patient death or euthanasia. When available, information was collected pertaining to the NE dose, dilution, total duration of CRI, and duration of CRI before extravasation was recognized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most commonly reported clinical signs after extravasation of NE were skin necrosis (<i>n </i>= 9 [64.3%]) and swelling (<i>n</i> = 6 [42.9%]). In 10 of 16 events (62.5%), discontinuation of the NE CRI and/or application of a warm compress to the extravasation site were performed; these were the most common nonpharmacological rescue measures. Two patients received subcutaneous phentolamine, and 1 patient underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. While surgical intervention was recommended for 4 dogs, 2 improved without surgical debridement. The overall survival rate from underlying disease processes was 57% (<i>n</i> = 8), with only 1 patient (7%) euthanized due to an injury from the extravasation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe lesions can result from NE extravasation in dogs and cats, leading to euthanasia. Although phentolamine remains the treatment of choice, lesions may heal with alternative supportive measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal fluid score as a predictor of transfusion needs and outcome in cats following trauma","authors":"Theresa J. Langlois DVM,&nbsp;Alicia Mastrocco DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Prittie DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Joel G. Weltman DVM, PhD, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13437","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13437","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the value of the abdominal fluid score (AFS) in cats following trauma in determining surgical needs, transfusion needs, and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicenter retrospective observational study utilizing data from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VetCOT Veterinary Trauma Centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2309 cats entered into the VetCOT registry between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the included cats, 148 had abdominal effusion on presentation (AFS 1–4, positive AFS [pAFS]). pAFS cats demonstrated a lower total plasma protein (6.2 g/dL, range: 2.8–9.2 g/dL vs 6.8 g/dL, range: 2.6–11 g/dL, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and a more negative base excess (BE) (−9, range: −23.7 to 10 vs −6.1, range: −31.7 to 1, <i>P</i> = 0.001) than cats without abdominal effusion (negative AFS [nAFS]). pAFS cats also had a higher baseline Animal Trauma Triage score (ATTS) than nAFS cats (5, range 0–12 vs 3, range 0–17, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). pAFS cats were more likely to require blood transfusions (16% [23/148] vs 4% [94/2161], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) than nAFS cats, but need for surgical intervention did not differ between groups. A pAFS was associated with increased need for hospitalization (62.8% [93/148] vs 47.7% [1030/2160], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), but length of hospital stay did not differ. Cats with pAFS experienced higher mortality compared to nAFS cats (42.6% [63/148] vs 22.7% [491/2161], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of abdominal effusion in cats following trauma was associated with increased morbidity in this study, as demonstrated by greater need for transfusion, increased likelihood of hospitalization, and greater mortality. Cats in the pAFS group had more negative BE and higher ATTS, but need for surgery, length of hospitalization, PCV, and blood glucose, plasma lactate, and ionized calcium concentrations were not different between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume kinetic analysis of two crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats","authors":"Pen-Ting Liao DVM, MVM, DVSc, DACVAA, DACVECC,&nbsp;William Raivs BS, PhD,&nbsp;Stuart Clark-Price DVM, MS, DACVAA, DACVIM,&nbsp;Katherine Gerken DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Sue Duran RPH, MS, PhD, DICVP","doi":"10.1111/vec.13449","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the volume kinetic between 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, randomized, dose–response study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten convenience-sample, purpose-bred domestic shorthair and medium hair cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intravenous 20 mL/kg balanced crystalloid fluid over 10 (G10) or 40 (G40) minutes under anesthesia in a randomized order with at least a 5-day washout period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serial measurements of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and PCV were performed up to 60 minutes after conclusion of the fluid bolus. Plasma dilution was calculated with the Hb dilution method and fitted to a 2-compartment microconstant kinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effect models. The apparent central plasma volume (<i>V</i>_c) was similar between the 2 groups (G10: 81.2 ± 23.8 mL/kg and G40: 78.8 ± 10.2 mL/kg). The apparent peripheral volume (<i>V</i>_p) of G10 (4.81E+8 ± 2.66E+8 mL/kg) was twice that of G40 (2.36E+8 ± 6.44E+7 mL/kg). The rate constant from <i>V</i>_c to <i>V</i>_p (<i>K</i>₁₂) of G10 (0.057 ± 0.0196/min) was almost twice that of G40 (0.0302 ± 0.00807/min). The elimination constant of G10 (0.0113 ± 0.00672/min) was almost twice that of G40 (0.00534 ± 0.00279/min). The peak plasma expansion was similar between G10 and G40 (20.7 ± 1.9 and 19.1 ± 5.1 mL/kg). Area under the curve for plasma dilution versus time of the first 90 minutes from the beginning of the boluses was not statistically different between G10 and G40.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The volume expansion over time was not different likely due to the slow elimination. The plasma dilution to crystalloid bolus between subjects is varied in anesthetized cats. Clinicians should consider the slow elimination and return of crystalloid fluid from the <i>V</i>_p to <i>V</i>_c when prescribing fluid therapy in anesthetized cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to decannulation of a tracheostomy tube using a 1-way speaking valve after upper airway trauma in 2 dogs","authors":"Victoria N. P. Kastenholz DVM,&nbsp;Jacob Wolf DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Christa L. Bernhard DVM, MS, DACVECC, RRT","doi":"10.1111/vec.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe a novel approach to tracheostomy management in dogs with upper airway trauma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Series Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two dogs with upper airway trauma presented to an emergency department and required immediate intubation. To minimize sedation time, tracheostomy tubes were placed in both dogs. A stepwise approach to decannulation was initiated, with both dogs receiving a 1-way speaking valve to facilitate a gradual approach to decannulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first report of a 1-way speaking valve being used in the management of tracheostomy tubes in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}