Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care最新文献

{"title":"Issue Information - Prelim","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.13395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicenter retrospective evaluation of norepinephrine extravasation in dogs and cats (2015–2021): 14 cases","authors":"Maria P. Vasquez DVM,&nbsp;Meredith Daly VMD, DACVECC,&nbsp;Corrin J. Boyd BSc, BVMS(Hons), GradDipEd MVetClinStud, MANZCVS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Dawn E. Crandell DVM, DVSc, DACVECC,&nbsp;Kelly E. Hall DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Erin Long Mays DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Tandi Ngwenyama DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Jennifer Ortolani DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;M. Ryan Smith DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Sabrina N. Hoehne Dr med vet, DACVECC, DECVECC,&nbsp;Linda Martin DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Elizabeth B. Davidow DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To document clinical complications and intervention options associated with norepinephrine (NE) extravasation in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were identified between 2015 and 2021. Because this is an uncommon complication, the findings are compiled as a descriptive retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were provided from 4 universities and 2 private practice groups in the United States, Canada, and Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen patients (13 dogs, 1 cat) that experienced extravasation events (16 total).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small animal patients were included where extravasation of a NE constant rate infusion (CRI) was documented. Records were reviewed for information, including suspected underlying condition, description of the interventions pursued after identification of extravasation, clinical signs after extravasation, and survival to discharge or reason for patient death or euthanasia. When available, information was collected pertaining to the NE dose, dilution, total duration of CRI, and duration of CRI before extravasation was recognized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most commonly reported clinical signs after extravasation of NE were skin necrosis (<i>n </i>= 9 [64.3%]) and swelling (<i>n</i> = 6 [42.9%]). In 10 of 16 events (62.5%), discontinuation of the NE CRI and/or application of a warm compress to the extravasation site were performed; these were the most common nonpharmacological rescue measures. Two patients received subcutaneous phentolamine, and 1 patient underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. While surgical intervention was recommended for 4 dogs, 2 improved without surgical debridement. The overall survival rate from underlying disease processes was 57% (<i>n</i> = 8), with only 1 patient (7%) euthanized due to an injury from the extravasation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe lesions can result from NE extravasation in dogs and cats, leading to euthanasia. Although phentolamine remains the treatment of choice, lesions may heal with alternative supportive measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal fluid score as a predictor of transfusion needs and outcome in cats following trauma","authors":"Theresa J. Langlois DVM,&nbsp;Alicia Mastrocco DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Prittie DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Joel G. Weltman DVM, PhD, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13437","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13437","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the value of the abdominal fluid score (AFS) in cats following trauma in determining surgical needs, transfusion needs, and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicenter retrospective observational study utilizing data from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VetCOT Veterinary Trauma Centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2309 cats entered into the VetCOT registry between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the included cats, 148 had abdominal effusion on presentation (AFS 1–4, positive AFS [pAFS]). pAFS cats demonstrated a lower total plasma protein (6.2 g/dL, range: 2.8–9.2 g/dL vs 6.8 g/dL, range: 2.6–11 g/dL, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and a more negative base excess (BE) (−9, range: −23.7 to 10 vs −6.1, range: −31.7 to 1, <i>P</i> = 0.001) than cats without abdominal effusion (negative AFS [nAFS]). pAFS cats also had a higher baseline Animal Trauma Triage score (ATTS) than nAFS cats (5, range 0–12 vs 3, range 0–17, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). pAFS cats were more likely to require blood transfusions (16% [23/148] vs 4% [94/2161], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) than nAFS cats, but need for surgical intervention did not differ between groups. A pAFS was associated with increased need for hospitalization (62.8% [93/148] vs 47.7% [1030/2160], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), but length of hospital stay did not differ. Cats with pAFS experienced higher mortality compared to nAFS cats (42.6% [63/148] vs 22.7% [491/2161], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of abdominal effusion in cats following trauma was associated with increased morbidity in this study, as demonstrated by greater need for transfusion, increased likelihood of hospitalization, and greater mortality. Cats in the pAFS group had more negative BE and higher ATTS, but need for surgery, length of hospitalization, PCV, and blood glucose, plasma lactate, and ionized calcium concentrations were not different between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume kinetic analysis of two crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats","authors":"Pen-Ting Liao DVM, MVM, DVSc, DACVAA, DACVECC,&nbsp;William Raivs BS, PhD,&nbsp;Stuart Clark-Price DVM, MS, DACVAA, DACVIM,&nbsp;Katherine Gerken DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Sue Duran RPH, MS, PhD, DICVP","doi":"10.1111/vec.13449","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the volume kinetic between 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, randomized, dose–response study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten convenience-sample, purpose-bred domestic shorthair and medium hair cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intravenous 20 mL/kg balanced crystalloid fluid over 10 (G10) or 40 (G40) minutes under anesthesia in a randomized order with at least a 5-day washout period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serial measurements of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and PCV were performed up to 60 minutes after conclusion of the fluid bolus. Plasma dilution was calculated with the Hb dilution method and fitted to a 2-compartment microconstant kinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effect models. The apparent central plasma volume (<i>V</i>_c) was similar between the 2 groups (G10: 81.2 ± 23.8 mL/kg and G40: 78.8 ± 10.2 mL/kg). The apparent peripheral volume (<i>V</i>_p) of G10 (4.81E+8 ± 2.66E+8 mL/kg) was twice that of G40 (2.36E+8 ± 6.44E+7 mL/kg). The rate constant from <i>V</i>_c to <i>V</i>_p (<i>K</i>₁₂) of G10 (0.057 ± 0.0196/min) was almost twice that of G40 (0.0302 ± 0.00807/min). The elimination constant of G10 (0.0113 ± 0.00672/min) was almost twice that of G40 (0.00534 ± 0.00279/min). The peak plasma expansion was similar between G10 and G40 (20.7 ± 1.9 and 19.1 ± 5.1 mL/kg). Area under the curve for plasma dilution versus time of the first 90 minutes from the beginning of the boluses was not statistically different between G10 and G40.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The volume expansion over time was not different likely due to the slow elimination. The plasma dilution to crystalloid bolus between subjects is varied in anesthetized cats. Clinicians should consider the slow elimination and return of crystalloid fluid from the <i>V</i>_p to <i>V</i>_c when prescribing fluid therapy in anesthetized cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to decannulation of a tracheostomy tube using a 1-way speaking valve after upper airway trauma in 2 dogs","authors":"Victoria N. P. Kastenholz DVM,&nbsp;Jacob Wolf DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Christa L. Bernhard DVM, MS, DACVECC, RRT","doi":"10.1111/vec.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe a novel approach to tracheostomy management in dogs with upper airway trauma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Series Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two dogs with upper airway trauma presented to an emergency department and required immediate intubation. To minimize sedation time, tracheostomy tubes were placed in both dogs. A stepwise approach to decannulation was initiated, with both dogs receiving a 1-way speaking valve to facilitate a gradual approach to decannulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first report of a 1-way speaking valve being used in the management of tracheostomy tubes in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and outcome of neutropenia in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (2017–2022): 54 cases","authors":"Cormac Dolan MVB,&nbsp;Neus Elias Santo-Domingo LMV, DECVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report the occurrence of neutropenia in dogs with suspected acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) and to assess its association with survival. Secondary objectives were to assess whether neutropenia was associated with length of hospitalization, fulfillment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, and whether SIRS status was associated with survival. Finally, the association of antimicrobial use with neutropenia, SIRS status, and survival was evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-center, retrospective study from the medical records of dogs diagnosed with AHDS between 2017 and 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Private referral hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-four dogs with suspected AHDS referred to the Emergency and Critical Care specialist service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 54 dogs, 28 (52%) presented with or developed neutropenia during their treatment course. Overall, 9 (17%) dogs were nonsurvivors. A total of 8 of 28 (29%) dogs with neutropenia were nonsurvivors, while only 1 of 26 (4%) dogs with a normal neutrophil count was a nonsurvivor (<i>P</i> = 0.025). Upon hospital admission, neutropenic dogs were significantly more likely to fulfill SIRS criteria than nonneutropenic dogs (<i>P</i> = 0.0096). There was no difference in mortality between SIRS-positive (fulfilling ≥2 SIRS criteria) and SIRS-negative (fulfilling &lt;2 SIRS criteria) dogs (<i>P</i> = 0.14). There was no difference in the median length of hospitalization between neutropenic and nonneutropenic dogs (<i>P</i> = 0.49).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of neutropenia is high in this population of dogs presenting with AHDS. In this retrospective study, neutropenia was significantly associated with an increased risk of nonsurvival and an increased likelihood of fulfilling SIRS criteria; however, a fulfillment of SIRS criteria could not be used to predict survival. Neutropenia in dogs with AHDS was not associated with an increased length of hospitalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study on the effect of rescuer team size on basic and advanced life support technical skills in a high-fidelity simulation of canine cardiopulmonary arrest","authors":"Sabrina N. Hoehne Dr. med. vet., DACVECC, DECVECC,&nbsp;Julie A. Cary DVM, MS, DACVS, Post Grad Dipl Med Ed, CHSE,&nbsp;Lindsay N. Bailey BS, DVM,&nbsp;Elizabeth B. Davidow DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Linda G. Martin DVM, MS, DACVECC,&nbsp;Trey L. DeJong PhD","doi":"10.1111/vec.13445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13445","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To evaluate the effect of rescuer team size on objective skill measures of basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) using high-fidelity canine CPR simulation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Prospective, experimental study.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Veterinary clinical simulation center.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Subjects&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Forty-eight Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation CPR-certified veterinary students.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements and Main Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Five groups of participants each conducted 3 CPR simulations in configurations of 4, 6, and 8 rescuers. Simulations represented a shock patient declining into asystole, followed by ventricular fibrillation and return of spontaneous circulation. Resuscitation efforts were video-recorded to evaluate BLS and ALS tasks. Mean (±SD) was derived and data were compared among team sizes using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis. Significance was set at &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05. Among teams of 4, 6, and 8 rescuers, time to first chest compression (13 s [±6], 9 s [±2], 8 s [±4]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.24) and positive-pressure breath (101 s [±37], 56 s [±15], 67 s [±24]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) were not significantly different. Chest compression (100/min [±5], 108/min [±6], 107/min [±6]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.12) and ventilatory rates (9/min [±1], respectively, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.52) were not significantly different. Time without chest compressions/total length of CPR was not significantly different (72 s [±16], 61 s [±16], 54 s [±8]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.15). Capnography and ECG monitoring were used by all teams. Time to first vasopressor administration was significantly different among team sizes (268 s [±70], 164 s [±65], 174 s [±34]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04), with vasopressors being most quickly administered by teams of 6 rescuers. Time to electrical defibrillation was not significantly different (486 s [±45], 424 s [±22], 488 s [±181]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.57). Incorrect ALS interventions occurred in 60%, 0%, and 40% of CPR events in 4, 6, and 8 rescuer teams, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although the achievement of BLS tasks was comparable in teams of 4 rescuers, teams of 6 rescuers may be preferable based on differences in the rate of guideline-incompliant treatments and ALS task efficiency. Teams of ","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of shock index in healthy cats and in cats presenting to an emergency room with shock","authors":"Leandro Fadel DVM, MSc,&nbsp;Rodrigo Cardoso Rabelo DVM, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Denise Tabacchi Fantoni DVM, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Gustavo Machado DMV, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Marina Candido Duarte DVM,&nbsp;Gabriela da Cruz Schaefer DVM, MScv,&nbsp;Mariana Pires Oliveira DVM, MSc,&nbsp;Jessica de Oliveira Lara Castanheira Fadel DVM, MSc,&nbsp;Kamila dos Santos Morais DVM,&nbsp;Glaucia Bueno Pereira-Neto DVM, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa DVM, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1111/vec.13446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To prospectively compare the shock index (SI) in a population of healthy cats with a population of cats presenting to the emergency room (ER) deemed to be in a state of shock.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective cohort study of cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven healthy control cats were enrolled to establish a reference interval, and 27 cats were enrolled that were presented to the ER with clinical signs of shock. Shock was defined as abnormalities in at least 2 of the following inclusion criteria: plasma lactate concentration &gt; 2.5 mmol/L; peripheral vasoconstriction (at least 2 of the following parameters: capillary refill time &gt;3 s, rectal-interdigital temperature gradient [RITG] &gt;8°C, femoral pulse not palpable, pale mucous membranes); or systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt; 100 mm Hg.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upon presentation, SI (SI = heart rate [HR]/SBP), HR, SBP, and RITG were recorded in both groups, along with peripheral venous blood sampling for lactate measurement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean SI in the control group was 1.47 ± 0.2 and was 1.87 ± 0.47 in the shock group (<i>P </i>= 0.001). Using equality in sensitivity and specificity of 0.7, an SI cutoff point of 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.86) was determined with an estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.90). HR, plasma lactate concentration, and RITG did not differ between the groups. Systolic arterial blood pressure (<i>P</i> = 0.01), rectal temperature (<i>P</i> = 0.02), and interdigital temperature (<i>P</i> = 0.04) differed significantly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SI is a noninvasive, easy, and reliable parameter for distinguishing cats in shock from normal cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of reference intervals of venous blood gas and acid–base parameters in clinically healthy awake cats","authors":"Ingrid Preteseille DVM, MSc,&nbsp;Steven E. Epstein DVM, DACVECC,&nbsp;Kate Hopper BVSc, PhD, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13441","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13441","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Venous blood gas and acid–base analysis is often performed in cats and requires appropriate reference intervals (RIs) for interpretation. The currently available RIs were created from small numbers of cats, while current guidelines suggest that a minimum number of 40 samples is required for the creation of an accurate/appropriate RI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 41 healthy awake cats, pH, P_v<span>CO</span>₂, P_v<span>O</span>₂, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, chloride, glucose, and plasma lactate concentrations were measured, while bicarbonate, standardized base excess, and anion gap were calculated. These data were used to calculate RIs, using a statistical approach that conforms to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RIs for venous blood gas and traditional acid–base analysis from a relatively large population of healthy cats are now available for clinical use and standardized for future research studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"92-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of acid–base analysis in dogs and cats with diabetic ketosis (2017–2021): 96 cases","authors":"Lindsay N. Cuddy DVM,&nbsp;Kate Hopper BVSc, PhD, DACVECC,&nbsp;Jamie M. Burkitt-Creedon DVM,&nbsp;Steven E. Epstein DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the acid–base balance of diabetic animals with ketosis and to identify underlying mechanisms of acid–base changes using semiquantitative analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-one client-owned dogs and 15 client-owned cats with diabetes and concurrent ketosis presented to a university teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medical records database was searched from January 2017 through December 2021 for dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus and ketones present in urine or blood samples that also had venous blood gas and serum biochemical assays performed within 24 hours of each other. Traditional analysis identified normal acid–base status in 20% of dogs and 7% of cats. A simple metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap was observed in 17% of dogs and 20% of cats, and a metabolic alkalosis was present in 4% of dogs and 7% of cats. The semiquantitative approach identified metabolic acid–base disorders in all animals. One or more acidifying processes were evident in 100% of dogs and 100% of cats, 1 or more alkalotic processes in 93% of dogs and 100% of cats, concurrent alkalotic and acidotic processes in 85% of dogs and 100% of cats, and unmeasured anions in all cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs and cats with diabetic ketosis can have variable and complex acid–base disorders that may be better recognized using semiquantitative analysis. Diagnostic criteria such as low pH or a high anion gap may prevent the clinical recognition of diabetic ketoacidosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}