Associations Among Various Physical Parameters and the Axillary-to-Rectal Temperature Difference in Dogs and Cats

IF 1.2 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI:10.1111/vec.70020

Cristian Martinez Alvarez, Britt A. L. Thevelein, Katie M. Hodges, Amy N. Weitzman, Amie Koenig, Benjamin M. Brainard

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To compare the measurement of axillary temperature (AT) with rectal temperature (RT) in dogs and cats and to identify the influence of physical parameters on the difference between their measurement using a veterinary-specific thermometer.

Design

Prospective study (2022–2024).

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

A total of 106 dogs and 101 cats aged ≥4 months.

Interventions

Body temperatures were measured contemporaneously using a veterinary-specific, calibrated, dual-thermistor axillary thermometer (AT) and a calibrated medical thermometer (RT). Data were evaluated for bias as a whole set and after stratification based on various physical parameters (species, body weight, haircoat length, body condition score [BCS]). A machine learning (ML) model was subsequently applied, and bias was reevaluated.

Measurements and Main Results

A Bland–Altman analysis comparing the measurement of AT with RT showed a bias of 1.01°C (1.82°F) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) −0.66°C to 2.68°C (−1.19°F to 4.83°F) in dogs and a bias of 0.23°C (0.42°F) and 95% LOA of −2.61°C to 3.08°C (−4.71°F to 5.55°F) in cats. Animals weighing <10 kg had a bias of 0.33°C (95% LOA: −2.29°C to 2.96°C), animals with BCS <5 had a bias of 0.09°C (95% LOA: −2.92°C to 3.11°C), and those with shorter haircoats had a bias of 0.49°C (95% LOA: −2.03°C to 3.00°C). The ML model overestimated RT when using AT and physical parameters in its algorithm (dogs: −0.57°C [95% LOA: −2.18°C to 0.99°C]; cats −0.84°C [95% LOA: −2.62°C to 0.93°C]).

Conclusions

Animals weighing <10 kg, with lower BCS, and shorter haircoats had less bias when AT was compared with RT. Cats exhibited a lower bias between AT and RT than dogs. ML models can be programmed to account for various physical characteristics, improving the predictive impact of AT for directly measured RT, especially in categories of animals where closer prediction does not already exist.

Abstract Image

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狗和猫的各种生理参数与腋窝-直肠温差之间的关系。

目的：比较狗和猫腋窝温度（AT）和直肠温度（RT）的测量结果，并确定物理参数对兽医专用体温计测量结果差异的影响。设计：前瞻性研究（2022-2024）。单位：大学教学医院。动物：年龄≥4月龄的狗106只，猫101只。干预措施：使用兽医专用、校准的双热敏电阻腋窝体温计（AT）和校准的医用体温计（RT）同时测量体温。根据不同的物理参数（物种、体重、毛毛长度、身体状况评分[BCS]）对数据进行整体和分层后的偏倚评估。随后应用了机器学习（ML）模型，并重新评估了偏差。测量结果和主要结果：Bland-Altman分析比较了AT和RT的测量结果，结果显示狗的偏差为1.01°C(1.82°F)， 95%的一致限度（LOA）为-0.66°C至2.68°C(-1.19°F至4.83°F)，猫的偏差为0.23°C(0.42°F)， 95%的LOA为-2.61°C至3.08°C（-4.71°F至5.55°F）。动物称重结论：动物称重

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来源期刊

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

15.40%

发文量

121

审稿时长

18-36 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care’s primary aim is to advance the international clinical standard of care for emergency/critical care patients of all species. The journal’s content is relevant to specialist and non-specialist veterinarians practicing emergency/critical care medicine. The journal achieves it aims by publishing descriptions of unique presentation or management; retrospective and prospective evaluations of prognosis, novel diagnosis, or therapy; translational basic science studies with clinical relevance; in depth reviews of pertinent topics; topical news and letters; and regular themed issues. The journal is the official publication of the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society, the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, the European Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society, and the European College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. It is a bimonthly publication with international impact and adheres to currently accepted ethical standards.