Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Generalized Stomatal Optimization of Evolutionary Fitness Proxies for Predicting Plant Gas Exchange Under Drought, Heatwaves, and Elevated CO2","authors":"Aaron Potkay,&nbsp;Antoine Cabon,&nbsp;Richard L. Peters,&nbsp;Patrick Fonti,&nbsp;Gerard Sapes,&nbsp;Anna Sala,&nbsp;Artur Stefanski,&nbsp;Ethan Butler,&nbsp;Raimundo Bermudez,&nbsp;Rebecca Montgomery,&nbsp;Peter B. Reich,&nbsp;Xue Feng","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stomata control plant water loss and photosynthetic carbon gain. Developing more generalized and accurate stomatal models is essential for earth system models and predicting responses under novel environmental conditions associated with global change. Plant optimality theories offer one promising approach, but most such theories assume that stomatal conductance maximizes photosynthetic net carbon assimilation subject to some cost or <i>constraint</i> of water. We move beyond this approach by developing a new, generalized optimality theory of stomatal conductance, optimizing any non-foliar proxy that requires water and carbon reserves, like growth, survival, and reproduction. We overcome two prior limitations. First, we reconcile the computational efficiency of <i>instantaneous</i> optimization with a more biologically meaningful <i>dynamic feedback</i> optimization over plant lifespans. Second, we incorporate <i>non-steady-state</i> physics in the optimization to account for the temporal changes in the water, carbon, and energy storage within a plant and its environment that occur over the timescales that stomata act, contrary to previous theories. Our optimal stomatal conductance compares well to observations from seedlings, saplings, and mature trees from field and greenhouse experiments. Our model predicts predispositions to mortality during the 2018 European drought and captures realistic responses to environmental cues, including the partial alleviation of heat stress by evaporative cooling and the negative effect of accumulating foliar soluble carbohydrates, promoting closure under elevated CO₂. We advance stomatal optimality theory by incorporating generalized evolutionary fitness proxies and enhance its utility without compromising its realism, offering promise for future models to more realistically and accurately predict global carbon and water fluxes.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Soil N2O Emissions and Crop Yield in Global Cereal Cropping Systems","authors":"Yuhao Zhu,&nbsp;Ziyang Li,&nbsp;Dan Zhao,&nbsp;Bowen Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Zhu,&nbsp;Zhisheng Yao,&nbsp;Ralf Kiese,&nbsp;Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,&nbsp;Minghua Zhou","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conservation agriculture, which involves minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, has been widely adopted as a sustainable agricultural practice globally. However, the effects of conservation agriculture practices on soil N₂O emissions and crop yield vary based on geography, management methods, and the duration of implementation, which has hindered its widespread scientific application. In this study, we assessed the impacts of no-tillage (NT), both individually and in combination with other conservation agriculture principles, on soil N₂O emissions and crop yields worldwide, based on 1270 observations from 86 peer-reviewed articles. Our results showed that conservation agriculture practices significantly increased crop yield by 9.1% while significantly reducing soil N₂O emissions by 6.8% compared to conventional tillage (CT). These mitigation effects were even greater when NT was combined with other conservation agriculture principles, such as crop residue retention and crop rotation, leading to reductions in N₂O emissions of over 15% and yield increases of more than 30%. Additionally, conservation agriculture was more effective at mitigating soil N₂O emissions in dry climates compared to humid regions. Long-term adoption of conservation agriculture practices was found to reduce soil N₂O emissions by up to 26% without compromising crop yields. Smallholder farm in Central Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa appear particularly suitable for the adoption of conservation agriculture, whereas, in humid climates, high nitrogen (N) input management and silt-clay loam soil should be applied with caution. Overall, conservation agriculture holds significant potential for mitigating soil N₂O emissions while enhancing grain yields in cereal cropping systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery and Degradation Drive Changes in the Dispersal Capacity of Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities","authors":"Carlos Cano-Barbacil,&nbsp;James S. Sinclair,&nbsp;Ellen A. R. Welti,&nbsp;Peter Haase","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Freshwater ecosystems face significant threats, including pollution, habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. To address these challenges, management strategies and restoration efforts have been broadly implemented. Across Europe, such efforts have resulted in overall improvements in freshwater biodiversity, but recovery has stalled or failed to occur in many localities, which may be partly caused by the limited dispersal capacity of many species. Here, we used a comprehensive dataset comprising 1327 time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate communities ranging from 1968 to 2021 across 23 European countries to investigate whether dispersal capacity changes with the ecological quality of riverine systems. Sites experiencing improvements in ecological quality exhibited a net gain in species and tended to have macroinvertebrate communities containing species with stronger dispersal capacity (e.g., active aquatic and aerial dispersers, species with frequent propensity to drift, and insects with larger wings). In contrast, sites experiencing degradation of ecological quality exhibited a net loss of species and a reduction in the proportion of strong dispersers. However, this response varied extensively among countries and local sites, with some improving sites exhibiting no parallel gains in macroinvertebrates with higher dispersal capacity. Dispersal capacity of the local species pool can affect the success of freshwater ecosystem restoration projects. Management strategies should focus on enhancing landscape connectivity to create accessible “source” areas and refugia for sensitive taxa, especially as climate change reshapes habitat suitability. Additionally, biodiversity initiatives must incorporate adaptive decision-making approaches that account for the site-specific responses of macroinvertebrate communities to changes in ecological quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Glaciers on Trophic Dynamics and Polyunsaturated Fat Accumulation in Southern Greenland Fjord Ecosystems","authors":"Grégoire Saboret,&nbsp;Coralie Moccetti,&nbsp;Leonard I. Wassenaar,&nbsp;Blake Matthews,&nbsp;Norberto Jr. Aquino,&nbsp;David J. Janssen,&nbsp;Jakob Brodersen,&nbsp;Carsten J. Schubert","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary production of fjords across the Arctic and Subarctic is undergoing significant transformations due to the climatically driven retreat of glaciers and ice sheets. However, the implications of these changes for upper trophic levels remain largely unknown. In this study, we employ both bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analyses to investigate how shifts at the base of fjord food webs impact the carbon and energy sources of consumers. Focusing on two rapidly changing fjords in Southern Greenland, we used the migratory Arctic char as an indicator species, sampling populations along environmental gradients within the fjords, building upon the assumption that char populations feed primarily close to their natal stream, thereby integrating a dietary gradient. Our analysis of bulk stable isotopes in Arctic char tissue confirmed this premise, revealing a consistent change in resource use from the outer to the inner fjord, which nonetheless served as preferred feeding grounds. Essential amino acid analysis further indicated shifts in carbon and nitrogen sources, consistent with changes in nutrient use near glacier inputs characterized by low turbidity and high iron levels. Notably, these changes in the source of primary production were associated with shifts in trophic positions and the transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with Arctic char in glacier-influenced inner fjords feeding at lower trophic level (size-corrected) and accumulating higher levels of high-quality docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These findings highlight the usefulness of new analytical tools in revealing that glacial retreat can substantially alter food web dynamics, enhancing both carbon flow and the nutritional quality of fish in fjord ecosystems. The two Southern Greenland fjords studied could represent the future of other fjords, where retreating glaciers become land-terminating and glacial inputs decrease. Our study underscores the critical role of glacier dynamics in affecting high-level consumers, such as salmonids, with implications for fjords globally.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Shifting Baselines: Paleo-Behaviour Reveals Industrial Revolution as Tipping Point","authors":"Julian Lilkendey,&nbsp;Jens Hegg,&nbsp;Matthew Campbell,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhang,&nbsp;Harrison Raby,&nbsp;Malcolm Reid,&nbsp;Monica Tromp,&nbsp;Emma Ash,&nbsp;Louise Furey,&nbsp;Lindsey White,&nbsp;Richard Walter,&nbsp;Armagan Sabetian","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activities have significantly altered coastal ecosystems worldwide. The phenomenon of shifting baselines syndrome (SBS) complicates our understanding of these changes, masking the true scale of human impacts. This study investigates the long-term ecological effects of anthropogenic activities on New Zealand's coastal ecosystems over 800 years using fish otolith microchemical profiling and dynamic time warping across an entire stock unit. Results reveal a shift in snapper (<i>Chrysophrys auratus</i>; Sparidae) habitat-use behaviour, transitioning from low-salinity estuarine environments to higher-salinity habitats, correlating with ongoing land-use changes. This shift coincided with New Zealand's localised Industrial Revolution, which served as a tipping point for widespread ecosystem transformation. By comparing current coastal fish movement profiles with historical baselines, we provide evidence to address SBS and guide conservation strategies. Re-establishing pre-industrial habitat-use behaviours in snapper will indicate successful habitat restoration, promoting overall ecosystem connectivity and resilience. Our findings enable more effective habitat restoration measures and sustainable management practices, informing policies for maintaining coastal biodiversity and ecosystem function.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoecology Perspectives for Planetary Health","authors":"Brett R. Bayles","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70043","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Global environmental change, driven largely by human activities, is intensifying at an unprecedented rate. This so-called “great acceleration” has profoundly altered the structure and functioning of Earth's natural systems (Steffen et al. &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Humanity is leaving behind the relative stability of the Holocene epoch and entering into a new era of uncertainty. A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that the speed and scale of ecological transformations profoundly impact the health of humans and the health of ecosystems on which humans depend (Myers et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). The complexity and scope of these changes necessitate insights from a wide range of scientific disciplines. The field of planetary health has emerged as a focal point for leveraging interdisciplinary perspectives with a common goal of better understanding the intrinsic connections between the health of ecosystems and human populations on a changing planet (Whitmee et al. &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A key feature of the planetary health framework is the concept of “planetary boundaries,” which represent a set of nine critical thresholds in Earth's biophysical systems, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and land-system change (Rockström et al. &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). A “safe operating space” is delineated within each boundary, representing a range in which human activities may occur without significantly disrupting the critical planetary systems needed to ensure a sustainable future for humanity. Anthropogenic activities are pushing Earth's systems beyond these ecological thresholds, with a majority of boundaries having already been transgressed (Richardson et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). For instance, more than 10% of plant and animal genetic diversity has been lost over the past century, which significantly exceeds the boundary set for biosphere integrity (Exposito-Alonso et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Defining planetary boundaries, now and in the future, requires a comprehensive accounting of when (i.e., temporal scales) and where (i.e., spatial scales) environmental changes occur. In their recent paper in &lt;i&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/i&gt;, Gillson et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) address the need for high-quality data derived from a range of spatial and temporal scales. The authors propose integrating insights from the field of paleoecology to better assess the complexity of environmental changes at different timeframes and geographies. Paleoecology, the study of past ecosystems and environmental conditions, may be particularly useful for contributing data from long-term ecological trends. By examining Earth's historical records and collecting data on how ecosystems responded to past environmental changes, paleoecological perspectives may be particularly useful for refining the planetary boundaries framework.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gillson et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) discuss the utility of integrating paleoecological methods with some of the core concepts of the planetary bounda","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Effects of Landscape Context on Recruitment Dynamics During Secondary Succession of Tropical Forests","authors":"Michiel van Breugel,&nbsp;Jefferson S. Hall,&nbsp;Mario Bailon,&nbsp;Dylan Craven","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-scale reforestation is promoted as an important strategy to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. A persistent challenge for efforts to restore ecosystems at scale is how to accelerate ecological processes, particularly natural regeneration. Yet, despite being recognized as an important barrier to the recovery of diverse plant communities in tropical agricultural landscapes, the impacts of dispersal limitation on natural regeneration in secondary forests—and especially how this changes as these forests grow older—are still poorly studied. In a region where animals have been shown to be the dominant seed dispersers, we evaluate the impacts of proximity to a connected network of narrow streamside strips of forest (SSF) on recruitment in 1–40-year-old secondary forests. We used 8 years of annual census data from 45 sites with paired plots, one directly adjoining an SSF and the other further uphill (henceforth “landscape context”), and a null model approach to test the effects of proximity to SSFs and basal area, while accounting for variation in soil, topography, and distance between plots and stand structure. In general, we found that landscape context affects multiple aspects of recruitment, including species diversity and the proportion of rarer and less-widely distributed species among the recruits. Unexpectedly, this effect did not weaken over time, despite a fast increase in stand basal area and diversity. This suggests that forest development over the first decades of succession may not be sufficient to attract the animals that disperse rarer tree species. Our results provide empirical evidence to guide restoration initiatives in agricultural landscapes in tropical regions, principally prioritizing the restoration of forest corridor networks along streams, while also highlighting the knowledge gap about restoring animal dispersers in secondary forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Ecosystem Temporal Stability in Herbaceous Wetlands in China","authors":"Guodong Wang,&nbsp;Nanlin Hu,&nbsp;Yann Hautier,&nbsp;Beth Middleton,&nbsp;Ming Wang,&nbsp;Meiling Zhao,&nbsp;Jingci Meng,&nbsp;Zijun Ma,&nbsp;Bo Liu,&nbsp;Yanjie Liu,&nbsp;Ming Jiang","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maintaining the stability of ecosystems is critical for supporting essential ecosystem services over time. However, our understanding of the contribution of the diverse biotic and abiotic factors to this stability in wetlands remains limited. Here, we combined data from a field vegetation survey of 725 herbaceous wetland sites in China with remote sensing information from the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from 2010 to 2020 to explore the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors to the temporal stability of primary productivity. We found that plant species richness directly contributed to stability on a national scale, but that this contribution differed among climate zones, hydrological regimes, and vegetation types. In addition, many abiotic factors, including soil properties, geographical location, and climate also contributed to stability. Piecewise structural equation modeling identified that soil properties, including soil pH, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon, emerged as primary factors modulating ecosystem stability, both directly and indirectly by affecting species richness and vegetation type. Higher species richness and soil organic carbon were related to higher ecosystem stability in peatlands but less so in coastal and inland marshes. These findings enhance our ability to forecast how wetland ecosystems may respond to future environmental changes and biodiversity loss and can inform policy decisions related to ecosystem stability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interactive Role of Climatic Transfer Distance and Overstory Retention on Douglas-Fir Seedling Survival and Height Growth in Interior British Columbia","authors":"Thomson C. Harris,&nbsp;W. Jean Roach,&nbsp;Erin M. Miller,&nbsp;Suzanne W. Simard","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The future climatic niche of interior Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> var. <i>glauca</i> [Mirb.] Franco) is expected to have little spatial overlap with its current range due to climate change. The resulting misalignment of the climatic niche and species distribution is expected to result in many forests becoming maladapted in their current location, thus increasing vulnerability to disturbance and reducing productivity. This novel study examined the individual and interactive effects of climatic transfer distance and silviculture systems on planted 3-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings across the natural range of interior Douglas-fir in British Columbia. Several climatic transfer distance variables were considered, and the silviculture systems tested comprised the following gradients of tree retention: 0% retention (clearcut), 10% dispersed retention (seed-tree), 30% aggregate retention, and 60% aggregate retention with thinning from below. Using linear mixed effect models, we found that survival and height were positively correlated with movements of seedlings to warmer, wetter, and more humid climates. Moisture availability had a stronger influence than temperature, indicating that seedlings transferred to warmer but more arid climates would experience decreased survival and height. Where seedlings were transferred to climates with greater frost frequency or decreased humidity, greater retention of overstory trees improved survival and height. Conversely, movements to more favorable climatic conditions (warmer and wetter) resulted in improved survival and height where overstory retention was low. Our findings suggest that genetic reshuffling of populations through assisted migration could benefit from overstory retention where stressful climatic conditions due to aridity or increased frost frequency occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half a Century of Temperate Non-Forest Vegetation Changes: No Net Loss in Species Richness, but Considerable Shifts in Taxonomic and Functional Composition","authors":"Klára Klinkovská,&nbsp;Marta Gaia Sperandii,&nbsp;Ilona Knollová,&nbsp;Jiří Danihelka,&nbsp;Michal Hájek,&nbsp;Petra Hájková,&nbsp;Zdenka Hroudová,&nbsp;Martin Jiroušek,&nbsp;Jan Lepš,&nbsp;Jana Navrátilová,&nbsp;Tomáš Peterka,&nbsp;Petr Petřík,&nbsp;Karel Prach,&nbsp;Klára Řehounková,&nbsp;Jaroslav Rohel,&nbsp;Vojtěch Sobotka,&nbsp;Michal Vávra,&nbsp;Helge Bruelheide,&nbsp;Milan Chytrý","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, global change and local anthropogenic pressures have severely affected natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Although disentangling the effects of these factors is difficult, they are reflected in changes in the functional composition of plant communities. We present a comprehensive, large-scale analysis of long-term changes in plant communities of various non-forest habitat types in the Czech Republic based on 1154 vegetation-plot time series from 53 resurvey studies comprising 3909 vegetation-plot records. We focused not only on taxonomic diversity but also on the functional characteristics of communities. Species richness of most habitat types increased over time, and taxonomic and functional community composition shifted significantly. Habitat specialists and threatened species became less represented in plant communities, indicating a decline in habitat quality. The spread of trees, shrubs, tall herbaceous plants, strong competitors, and nutrient-demanding species in all non-forest habitats, coupled with the decline of light-demanding species, suggests an effect of eutrophication and natural succession following the abandonment of traditional management. Moreover, we identified specific trends in certain habitats. In wetlands, springs, and mires, moisture-demanding species decreased, probably due to drainage, river regulations, and increasing drought resulting from climate change. Dry grasslands, ruderal, weed, sand, and shallow-soil vegetation became more mesic, and successional processes were most pronounced in these communities, suggesting a stronger effect of abandonment of traditional management and eutrophication. In alpine and subalpine vegetation, meadows and mesic pastures, and heathlands, insect-pollinated species declined, and the proportion of grasses increased. Overall, these functional changes provide deep insights into the underlying drivers and help conservationists take appropriate countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}