Global Soil Methane Uptake Estimated by Scaling Up Local Measurements

Aerobic soils remove methane from the atmosphere, but global soil methane uptake (SMU) estimates remain highly uncertain due to challenges in scaling local data. We develop a data-driven approach to refine this global estimate by incorporating local data of 79,800 flux measurements from 198 sites. This novel approach links the global SMU budget to local SMU fluxes by varying its parameters with soil properties. Our 2003–2018 global SMU estimate is ~39.0 Tg CH₄ year⁻¹—about 30% higher than existing bottom-up estimates and consistent with top-down assessments. Cold grasslands and deserts were found to contribute nearly 30% of the total SMU, while disturbed agricultural biomes have the lowest SMU. The projected future global SMU is shaped by temperature and atmospheric methane, though local SMU is primarily influenced by changes in soil moisture. This study emphasizes the potential of soils in climate regulation and highlights the need to focus on key biomes for a better understanding of the soil-atmosphere methane feedback and optimizing methane management strategies.