Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Climate-Driven Increase in Transmission of a Wildlife Malaria Parasite Over the Last Quarter Century","authors":"Angela Nicole Theodosopoulos,&nbsp;Fredrik Andreasson,&nbsp;Jane Jönsson,&nbsp;Johan Nilsson,&nbsp;Andreas Nord,&nbsp;Lars Råberg,&nbsp;Martin Stjernman,&nbsp;Ana Sofía Torres Lara,&nbsp;Jan-Åke Nilsson,&nbsp;Olof Hellgren","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70550","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate warming is expected to influence the prevalence of vector-transmitted parasites. Understanding the extent to which this is ongoing, or has already occurred, requires empirical data from populations monitored over long periods of time, but these studies are sparse. Further, vector-disease research involving human health is often influenced by disease control efforts that supersede natural trends. By screening for malaria parasite infections in a wild population of blue tits (<i>Cyanistes caeruleus</i>) in Northern Europe, over a 26-year period, we tested whether prevalence and transmission changes were climate-driven. We found that all three malaria parasite genera occurring in blue tits (<i>Haemoproteus</i>, <i>Plasmodium</i>, and <i>Leucocytozoon</i>) have increased significantly in their prevalence and transmission over time. The most common parasite in the study, <i>Haemoproteus majoris</i>, increased in prevalence from 47% (1996) to 92% (2021), and this was a direct consequence of warmer temperatures elevating transmission. Climate window analyses revealed that elevated temperatures between May 9th and June 24th, a time period that overlaps with the host nestling period, were strongly positively correlated with <i>H. majoris</i> transmission in one-year-old birds. A warming climate during this narrow timeframe has had a demonstrable impact on parasite transmission, and this has favored an increase in the prevalence of parasites in wild birds in a temperate region of Europe. While more challenging to measure, similar implications of climate warming on human vector-disease systems might be occurring. It is therefore critical that we understand what specific aspects of malaria parasite development and transmission are most influenced by climate warming, for the benefit of human and wildlife health.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change, Fisheries Management, and Increases in Demersal Fish Distribution in a Southern Ocean Biodiversity Hotspot","authors":"Joel Williams,&nbsp;Scott Foster,&nbsp;Skip Woolley,&nbsp;Philippe Ziegler,&nbsp;Cara Masere,&nbsp;Kaitlin Naughten,&nbsp;Otso Ovaskainen,&nbsp;Craig Johnson,&nbsp;Nicole Hill","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70549","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The world's oceans and their biodiversity are undergoing change driven by climate change and anthropogenic impacts such as fishing. The Kerguelen Plateau is a biodiversity hotspot with many endemic fish species; furthermore, the region has economic importance in supporting valuable fisheries. This region is also a climate change hotspot with known notable changes in the location of the polar front, ocean currents, and primary productivity. In this study, we use data from long-term scientific trawl surveys and contemporary joint species distribution models to understand how the demersal fish assemblage of the Kerguelen Plateau has changed through time and space. The modelling indicates that most demersal species have had notable changes in their occurrence and CPUE from 2003 to 2016. This included a significant increase in species richness throughout the study period. The modelling also provides novel insights into the depth, climatic, and environmental preferences for all species, including many species that were previously data-limited. It is unclear whether these changes reflect shifts in the fishery management or the effects of climate change, but most likely a combination of all. We also found evidence of several species' distributions responding to temperature variability, with species being exposed to the ongoing impacts of climate change. These findings will be used by managers and policy makers to inform climate change risk assessments, supporting future-decision making to ensure the continuation of sustainable fisheries and the protection of biodiversity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Scale Anthropogenic Threats Jointly Drive Declines in China's Estuarine Fish Assemblages Over the Past Half-Century","authors":"Junlin Ren,&nbsp;任君临,&nbsp;Sikai Wang,&nbsp;王思凯,&nbsp;Yong Chen,&nbsp;陈勇,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;张涛,&nbsp;Ping Zhuang,&nbsp;庄平,&nbsp;Feng Zhao,&nbsp;赵峰","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70566","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70566","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying multi-scale threats in the Anthropocene to vulnerable yet crucial ecosystems can inform the development of effective conservation and restoration actions. Estuarine fish assemblages, which are vital for ecosystem functioning and serve as key indicators of ecosystem health, face a multitude of anthropogenic threats operating across local, regional, and global scales. However, due to a lack of standardized, long-term, and spatially extensive datasets, the trends in estuarine fish assemblages and their responses to multi-scale anthropogenic threats remain unclear. We construct a dataset spanning over half a century for fish assemblages across different life stages and the multi-scale anthropogenic threats they face in three major estuaries of China, aiming to identify patterns of abundance and richness, and to validate the relationships between widely recognized anthropogenic threats and changes in these patterns. The results indicate that, over the past half-century, fish assemblages in all three major estuaries in China have experienced declines in abundance or remained at persistently low levels, while richness remained relatively stable. At the local scale, increased fishing intensity in estuaries and adjacent coastal areas directly reduced adult fish abundance. Regionally, water and sediment regulation measures implemented following the construction of upstream dams and reservoirs raised freshwater input and altered sediment delivery to estuaries during the fish spawning period, indirectly depressing the abundance of fish eggs and larvae. Higher sea surface temperatures (SST), driven by global warming, corresponded to greater species richness across estuaries. However, this effect was not consistently observed within individual estuaries, indicating regional variation in thermal responses. Although current protection and restoration efforts addressing threats at individual scales are gradually being implemented, we recommend a coordinated, multi-scale management strategy to safeguard the future of fish assemblages in estuaries of China and many other estuarine systems globally against escalating local–global threats.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Belowground Carbon Allocation Reduces Soil Carbon Losses Under Long-Term Warming","authors":"Andreas Schindlbacher,&nbsp;Steve Kwatcho Kengdo,&nbsp;Jakob Heinzle,&nbsp;Ye Tian,&nbsp;Mathias Mayer,&nbsp;Josef Gadermaier,&nbsp;Chupei Shi,&nbsp;Caro Urbina Malo,&nbsp;Xiaofei Liu,&nbsp;Erich Inselsbacher,&nbsp;Robert Jandl,&nbsp;Carlos A. Sierra,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wanek,&nbsp;Werner Borken","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response of the carbon cycle in forests to global warming could lead to a positive climate feedback if warming accelerates the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby causing net emissions of CO₂ into the atmosphere. In Europe, carbon-rich alpine forest soils could be particularly affected by global warming, as a greater rise in temperature is expected in this region than the global average. Here we show that nearly two decades of experimental soil warming (+4°C during the snow-free seasons) in a mountain forest in the Northern Limestone Alps significantly (~13% per 1°C warming) and persistently (no change in response over 18 years) increased soil CO₂ effluxes. The SOC stocks in the warmed plots decreased compared to controls, yet non-significantly, and quantitatively much less than the surplus carbon outflux from warmed soil suggests. We attribute the increase in soil CO₂ efflux primarily to stimulation of root respiration, which was most sensitive to long-term warming. Furthermore, increased root production, faster fine root turnover, and increased root exudation likely not only facilitated autotrophic respiration but also replenished the SOC pool. The radiocarbon age of SOC indicates a rejuvenation of SOC likely by increased input of root carbon into the lower topsoil. Overall, our findings suggest that increased C allocation into the rhizosphere can at least partially compensate for the C loss through increased SOC mineralization with rising temperatures over many years.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Breeding Distribution of a Migratory Bird Fluctuates With Nonbreeding Season Rainfall Over the Last Century","authors":"Henry C. Stevens,&nbsp;Christine A. M. France,&nbsp;Peter P. Marra","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70553","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70553","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species responses to climate change include shifts in distribution, abundance, and range limits. Predicting such shifts for migratory birds is inherently complex given the diversity of ways climate change can impact species throughout their annual cycles. For example, recent findings demonstrate that the breeding origin of a nonbreeding population of American redstarts (<i>Setophaga ruticilla</i> ) in Jamaica is shifting southward in response to prolonged drought on the nonbreeding grounds, differentially causing lower survival in longer migrating individuals. Here, we examine how widespread this mechanism has operated over the past century and across the range of this species. We sampled tail feathers from redstart museum specimens and live birds from three time periods dating back to the turn of the 20th century from five regions across their nonbreeding range (Andean, Greater Antillean, Isthmian, Pacific Slope, and Yucatan) and used stable hydrogen isotopes to estimate changes in breeding origins. We used an ANCOVA to estimate the strength of the shift in mean breeding origin for each population of nonbreeding redstarts since the turn of the 20th century, and the role of nonbreeding season rainfall in driving observed shifts. Populations of redstarts on their tropical nonbreeding grounds experiencing a drying trend in rainfall showed a corresponding southward shift in their mean breeding origin (and vice versa) in subsequent years. The link between nonbreeding rainfall and mean breeding origin was most pronounced in the modern time period, where nonbreeding rainfall has decreased across most of the redstart nonbreeding range. Our findings illustrate how complex mechanistic drivers operate over space and time to help shape breeding range dynamics for a migratory bird, and emphasize how climate impacts species distributions throughout the annual cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Warming and the Spread of the Introduced Jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda: Thermal Niche and Habitat Suitability in the Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Lara M. Fumarola,&nbsp;Valentina Leoni,&nbsp;Guillaume Marchessaux,&nbsp;Gianluca Sarà,&nbsp;Stefano Piraino,&nbsp;Mar Bosch-Belmar","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70548","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70548","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change affects marine ecosystems in multiple ways, including sea warming and changes in biological community structure and diversity. The Mediterranean Sea has emerged as one of the most vulnerable regions, also because of the diverse patterns of introduction of non-native species. First recorded in the coastal waters of Cyprus in 1903, the Red Sea jellyfish <i>Cassiopea andromeda</i> (Forskål, 1775) is spreading its distribution and local abundance, posing questions on its potential ecological implications. Here we identified the thermal tolerance, habitat suitability, and potential distribution range of the <i>C. andromeda</i> polyps, a key life cycle stage responsible for asexual reproduction and population persistence. By laboratory-controlled respirometric measurements, we assessed that the polyps of <i>C. andromeda</i> exhibit their optimal metabolic performances at high water temperatures, but they are tolerant to winter conditions across the Mediterranean basin. Combining experimental respiration measurements with modelling approaches enabled the definition of the species' fundamental thermal niche, with an optimal seawater temperature at 35.7°C and critical limits at 6.4°C (minimum) and 39°C (maximum). Trait-based thermal habitat suitability maps indicated a future increase of favourable habitats for the species under warming conditions according to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5 for 2050) in Mediterranean coastal areas. In the context of climate change scenarios, the rise of seawater temperature may enable polyps to thrive across a wider geographic range, predicting a westward and northward enlargement of <i>C. andromeda</i> populations in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Need the Largest Experiments on Earth to Achieve Our Climate Targets","authors":"Bronson W. Griscom,&nbsp;Susan C. Cook-Patton,&nbsp;Erin Sills,&nbsp;Kelsey Jack,&nbsp;Thomas W. Crowther,&nbsp;Sebastien Costedoat,&nbsp;Christopher Field,&nbsp;David Hole,&nbsp;Lisa M. McCullough,&nbsp;Subhrendu K. Pattanayak,&nbsp;Sassan Saatchi,&nbsp;Will R. Turner","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70555","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) are the climate mitigation sector with the largest potential, yet the least investment. A major barrier to scaling NCS is lack of evidence-based scientific learning at the scale of actual interventions. To overcome this gap, we propose the world’s largest field experiments, supported by a global data-sharing platform and guided by a clear framework of ethical principles and guidelines for delivering robust NCS evidence. This involves consistently reporting outcomes in units of MgCO2e $-1 yr-1 while describing direct and enabling actor groups and their financial, policy, and information interactions.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12522020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Incubation Duration Decline Indicates Climate-Change Driven Feminization of Three Sea Turtle Species in Florida, USA","authors":"Simona A. Ceriani,&nbsp;Paolo Casale","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70559","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is altering the thermal environment of nesting beaches worldwide, threatening species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) such as sea turtles. While models have predicted feminization of primary sex ratios—that is, a progressive increase in the proportion of females—empirical, population-scale evidence across multiple species remains rare. Here we present the first broad-scale, multi-species evidence of long-term changes in incubation duration (ID)—used as a proxy for temperature and primary sex ratio—across genetically distinct Management Units (MUs) of loggerhead (<i>Caretta caretta</i>), green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), and leatherback (<i>Dermochelys coriacea</i>) turtles nesting in Florida, USA. We introduce a simple, scalable method to assess population-level feminization trends by identifying directional shifts in ID distributions over time, avoiding the uncertainty of model-based primary sex ratio estimates. Using data from over 110,000 clutches laid between 2001 and 2022, we document significant declines in ID, spatial variation in embryo mortality across MUs, likely associated with greater exposure to lethal incubation temperatures, and the presence of seasonal and geographic male-producing refugia. These findings provide robust empirical evidence of increasing feminization, early signs of temperature-related lethal effects in at least one region, and highlight the importance of MU-scale, species-specific monitoring. This study underscores the need to protect male-producing beaches and early- and late-season clutches, which may be disproportionately vulnerable or overlooked. Given the simplicity and accessibility of ID data, we encourage its broader use in sea turtle conservation and recommend applying our approach to detect climate-driven trends in incubation conditions and potential feminization across other rookeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12522085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Nitrogen Preferences Mirror Underground Nitrogen Cycling in Natural Ecosystems","authors":"Ahmed S. Elrys,&nbsp;Lei Meng,&nbsp;Yves Uwiragiye,&nbsp;Khaled A. El-Tarabily,&nbsp;Qilin Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Dan,&nbsp;Tang Shuirong,&nbsp;Wu Yanzheng,&nbsp;Yanfu Bai,&nbsp;Tong-bin Zhu,&nbsp;Jinbo Zhang,&nbsp;Christoph Müller","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70546","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70546","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliable prediction of plant nitrogen (N) acquisition strategies is critical for interpreting ecosystem productivity. We propose a process-based framework that connects plant N preferences to soil microbial N cycling and environmental conditions. We compiled data from 66 ¹⁵N labeling studies, yielding 336 triplet observations, each consisting of plant organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N uptake measurements (Dataset 1). Additionally, 2030 observations of gross soil N transformations from 270 studies were compiled to predict the spatial variation of these rates globally, with the aim of populating Dataset 1. We found that ammonium-N was the primary contributor to N uptake in forests (49% ± 1.84%) and wetlands (55% ± 3.29%), whereas nitrate-N was the dominant source in grasslands (41% ± 1.52%). Plant ammonium-N and nitrate-N preferences were lowest in temperate and tropical regions, respectively. Nitrification capacity—autotrophic nitrification (the process where ammonium is oxidized to nitrate) to gross N mineralization (GNM; the conversion of organic N to ammonium) ratio—was the main regulator of plant ammonium-N and nitrate-N preferences. Terrestrial environments with high nitrification capacity (e.g., temperate or grassland soils) resulting from high soil pH and low carbon-to-N ratio exhibited higher plant nitrate-N preference, while adverse conditions (e.g., tropical, forest, or wetland soils) exhibited higher ammonium-N preference. Interestingly, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process redirected plant preference toward ammonium-based nutrition in organic carbon-rich, low-oxygen soils. Climate-driven shifts in plant N preference are mediated by gross soil N transformations, as increased precipitation and/or temperature accelerated GNM and/or DNRA while inhibiting nitrification capacity, promoting plant ammonium preference. Soil N cycling and environmental conditions explained little variation in plant organic-N preference, suggesting that other variables (e.g., mycorrhizal associations and plant functional traits) may be at play. We highlight that plant N acquisition is not purely plant-driven, but it mirrors underground N transformations, with environmental conditions acting as pivotal modulators of this relationship.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Use Impacts on Local and Regional Freshwater Biodiversity Can Compromise Current Management Goals","authors":"Heikki Mykrä,&nbsp;Anna Suuronen,&nbsp;Jukka Aroviita","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land use and other anthropogenic activities are degrading freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity worldwide. Although results from long-term monitoring networks suggest that freshwater biodiversity may not be undergoing significant change, information about how freshwater biodiversity has changed and the effectiveness of current environmental goals remains limited. We used nationwide survey data of stream diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and lake diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and macrophytes to examine how land use has changed freshwater biodiversity in Finland and how effective good ecological status class, that is, the main environmental goal for freshwater ecosystems in the European Union, is for protecting biodiversity. We employed RIVPACS-type multitaxon distribution models with independent validation sites to assess observed to expected ratios of local taxa (O/E) as well as differences in observed and expected regional frequencies of taxa. Land use negatively impacted local diversity of both examined stream communities (mean difference in O/E to near natural reference streams &gt; 0.076), while lake communities were affected by only agriculture and multiple pressures (mean difference in O/E to near natural reference lakes &gt; 0.093). Regional taxon prevalences were significantly reduced in all land use groups for diatoms (21%–61% of taxa), lake macrophytes (21%–39%), and macroinvertebrates (11%–65%), but also increased particularly for diatom (24%–26%) and macrophyte (29%) species in agricultural areas. Species with decreased frequency were generally sensitive species, while species that increased in their frequency were tolerant species typical for mesotrophic or eutrophic conditions. In the good ecological status class, frequencies were also changed, and for some groups such as stream macroinvertebrates, there were substantial changes (66% of taxa declined), indicating that the current management goal may be partially insufficient to protect freshwater biodiversity. Our study highlights that there is a need to incorporate freshwater biodiversity in the environmental objectives to ensure effective conservation and restoration efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}