Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Geographic and Biological Drivers Shape Anthropogenic Extinctions in the Macaronesian Vascular Flora","authors":"Raúl Orihuela-Rivero,&nbsp;Javier Morente-López,&nbsp;J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort,&nbsp;Hanno Schaefer,&nbsp;Alfredo Valido,&nbsp;Miguel Menezes de Sequeira,&nbsp;María M. Romeiras,&nbsp;Carlos A. Góis-Marques,&nbsp;Marcos Salas-Pascual,&nbsp;Alain Vanderpoorten,&nbsp;José María Fernández-Palacios,&nbsp;Jairo Patiño","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whether species extinctions have accelerated during the Anthropocene and the extent to which certain species are more susceptible to extinction due to their ecological preferences and intrinsic biological traits are among the most pressing questions in conservation biology. Assessing extinction rates is, however, challenging, as best exemplified by the phenomenon of ‘<i>dark extinctions</i>’: the loss of species that disappear before they are even formally described. These issues are particularly problematic in oceanic islands, where species exhibit high rates of endemism and unique biological traits but are also among the most vulnerable to extinction. Here, we document plant species extinctions since Linnaeus' <i>Species Plantarum</i> in Macaronesia, a biogeographic region comprised of five hyperdiverse oceanic archipelagos, and identify the key drivers behind these extinctions. We compiled 168 records covering 126 taxa, identifying 13 global and 155 local extinction events. Significantly higher extinction rates were observed compared to the expected global background rate. We uncovered differentiated extinction patterns along altitudinal gradients, highlighting a recent coastal hotspot linked to socioeconomic changes in Macaronesian archipelagos from the 1960s onwards. Key factors influencing extinction patterns include island age, elevation, introduced herbivorous mammals, and human population size. Trait-based analyses across the floras of the Azores and Canary Islands revealed that endemicity, pollination by vertebrates, nitrogen-fixing capacity, woodiness, and zoochory consistently tended to increase extinction risk. Our findings emphasize the critical role of geography and biological traits, alongside anthropogenic impacts, in shaping extinction dynamics on oceanic islands. Enhancing our knowledge of life-history traits within island floras is crucial for accurately predicting and mitigating future extinction risks, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive biodiversity assessments in island ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of Labile Organic Matter to Eutrophication and Warming in Temperate Mangrove Ecosystems","authors":"Timothy Thomson,&nbsp;Conrad A. Pilditch,&nbsp;Marco Fusi,&nbsp;Natalie Prinz,&nbsp;Carolyn J. Lundquist,&nbsp;Joanne I. Ellis","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sediments in mangrove forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle due to high inputs of organic matter (OM) and low decomposition rates, making them highly efficient at sequestering carbon. The balance between OM sequestration and decomposition in these systems is influenced by a complex interplay of environmental factors. However, there is a large amount of uncertainty surrounding decomposition rates from mangrove forests, particularly at regional scales. We used standardized decomposition assays of a labile and recalcitrant substrate in 30 estuaries, spanning a gradient in human land use intensity, to identify dominant drivers of OM decomposition in temperate mangrove forests. Our results reveal that, while labile OM decomposition is strongly driven by eutrophication, recalcitrant OM decomposition is primarily influenced by increases in the minimum sediment temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nutrient enrichment from human land use, in combination with increased sediment temperature, synergistically accelerates the decomposition of labile OM, thereby threatening the carbon sequestration potential of these ecosystems. This suggests that coastal eutrophication can exacerbate the effects of warming on decomposition, leading to heightened vulnerability of carbon storage and potential feedbacks between local and global stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Lateral Carbon Dynamics at an Eroding Yedoma Permafrost Site in Siberia (Duvanny Yar)","authors":"Kirsi H. Keskitalo,&nbsp;Lisa Bröder,&nbsp;Dirk J. Jong,&nbsp;Paul J. Mann,&nbsp;Tommaso Tesi,&nbsp;Anna Davydova,&nbsp;Nikita Zimov,&nbsp;Negar Haghipour,&nbsp;Timothy I. Eglinton,&nbsp;Jorien E. Vonk","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid Arctic warming is accelerating permafrost thaw and mobilizing previously frozen organic carbon (OC) into waterways. Upon thaw, permafrost-derived OC can become susceptible to microbial degradation that may lead to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), thus accelerating climate change. Abrupt permafrost thaw (e.g., riverbank erosion, retrogressive thaw slumps) occurs in areas rich in OC. Given the high OC content and the increase in frequency of abrupt thaw events, these environments may increasingly contribute to permafrost GHG emissions in the future. To better assess these emissions from abrupt permafrost thaw, we incubated thaw stream waters from an abrupt permafrost thaw site (Duvanny Yar, Siberia) and additionally, waters from their outflow to the Kolyma River. Our results show that CO₂ release by volume from thaw streams was substantially higher than CO₂ emissions from the river outflow waters, while the opposite was true for CO₂ release normalized to the suspended sediment weight (gram dry weight). The CH₄ emissions from both thaw streams and outflow waters were at a similar range, but an order of magnitude lower than those of CO₂. Additionally, we show that nearshore riverbank waters differ in their biogeochemistry from thaw streams and Kolyma River mainstem: particles resemble thaw streams while dissolved fraction is more alike to the Kolyma River thalweg. In these waters dissolved OC losses are faster than in the river thalweg. Our incubations offer a first insight into the GHG release from permafrost thaw streams that connect exposed and degrading permafrost outcrops to larger river systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stronger Response of Plant N:P to Nitrogen Enrichment When Considering Roots","authors":"Yu Ning,&nbsp;Feike A. Dijkstra,&nbsp;Xiao-Sa Liang,&nbsp;Xiao-Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Guo-Jiao Yang,&nbsp;Liang-Chao Jiang,&nbsp;Xing-Guo Han,&nbsp;Xiao-Tao Lü","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrogen (N) enrichment leads to an imbalance of N and phosphorus (P) in plants by enhancing plant N:P, with consequences for ecosystem processes and function. However, the evidence for a plant N–P imbalance is predominantly from studies on aboveground tissues. It remains unclear whether imbalanced aboveground responses would be paralleled by similar responses in roots, which contribute to nearly 70% of total biomass in grasslands globally. We measured community-level N:P stoichiometry of both shoots and roots to 1 m depth across a wide-ranging N addition gradient in a temperate steppe after 7–9 years of treatment. Both shoot N:P (SNP) and root N:P (RNP) showed nonlinear responses to increasing N addition rates, where N:P first increased and then saturated. RNP was significantly higher than SNP and saturated at higher N addition rates than SNP (39.0 vs. 16.8 g N m⁻² yr.⁻¹). Furthermore, the inter-annual stability of RNP was higher than that of SNP. Consequently, N:P in whole plants was higher than that in shoots, indicating more severe N–P imbalance than based on shoot measurements only. Previous results from aboveground parts might have underestimated the enhancement of N enrichment on plant N:P. Our results imply that belowground food webs with roots as their food resource would be more severely suffering from N–P imbalance than aboveground food webs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing the Humans","authors":"Andrea Corradini,&nbsp;Steffen Mumme,&nbsp;Francesca Cagnacci","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brown bears across Europe are responding to the human footprint, with space use and movement behaviour strongly influenced by limited habitat connectivity. While natural food availability and habitat suitability remain important for bears, growing human pressure is increasingly constraining their ecological role. The picture was drawn by Andrea Gazzola.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Negative Legacy Effect of Extreme Drought on Soil Respiration Is Unaffected by Post-Drought Precipitation Regime in a Temperate Grassland","authors":"Eszter Lellei-Kovács,&nbsp;Zoltán Botta-Dukát,&nbsp;Gábor Ónodi,&nbsp;Andrea Mojzes,&nbsp;György Kröel-Dulay","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil respiration, the main ecosystem process that produces carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, is sensitive to extreme climatic events. The immediate, usually negative effect of droughts on soil respiration has often been observed, but the recovery of soil respiration following drought is rarely documented. Soil respiration can be reduced beyond the drought year if drought-induced changes suppress soil activity. Alternatively, reduction in soil respiration may be overcompensated in the subsequent years due to increased substrate input and soil moisture, resulting from plant dieback during drought. In addition, post-drought weather patterns may also affect the recovery of soil respiration. In a full-factorial grassland experiment, we combined an extreme (5 months) summer drought in 2014 with four levels of post-drought precipitation regimes, including severe (2 months) droughts, moderate (1 month) droughts, ambient weather, and water addition (four large rain events) in summers of 2015 and 2016. We measured soil respiration monthly between May and November, from 2013 to 2016. The extreme drought had an immediate strong negative effect, decreasing soil respiration by 50.8% in 2014 compared to the control plots, and it had a negative legacy effect in 2015 (14.5% reduction), but not in 2016. This legacy effect was unaffected by the post-drought precipitation regime. Moderate drought decreased soil respiration by 12.1% and 18.6%, while severe drought decreased soil respiration by 18.3% and 27.3% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, while water addition had no effect. Since soil water content in extreme drought plots recovered by 2015, we hypothesize that changes in soil biota and reduced root activity are responsible for extreme drought's long-term negative effects. Overall, our results highlight that extreme droughts may have negative effects on soil respiration well beyond the event, and thus the full effect on carbon cycling may be much larger than what is estimated solely based on the immediate effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River Drying Causes Local Losses and Regional Gains in Aquatic Invertebrate Metacommunity Diversity: A Cross-Continental Comparison","authors":"Daniel Escobar-Camacho,&nbsp;Julie Crabot,&nbsp;Rachel Stubbington,&nbsp;Judy England,&nbsp;Romain Sarremejane,&nbsp;Núria Bonada,&nbsp;José María Fernández-Calero,&nbsp;Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles,&nbsp;Carla Ferreira Rezende,&nbsp;Pierre Chanut,&nbsp;Zoltán Csabai,&nbsp;Andrea C. Encalada,&nbsp;Alex Laini,&nbsp;Heikki Mykrä,&nbsp;Nabor Moya,&nbsp;Petr Pařil,&nbsp;Daniela Rosero-López,&nbsp;Thibault Datry","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drying river networks include non-perennial reaches that cease to flow or dry, and drying is becoming more prevalent with ongoing climate change. Biodiversity responses to drying have been explored mostly at local scales in a few regions, such as Europe and North America, limiting our ability to predict future global scenarios of freshwater biodiversity. Locally, drying acts as a strong environmental filter that selects for species with adaptations promoting resistance or resilience to desiccation, thus reducing aquatic α-diversity. At the river network scale, drying generates complex mosaics of dry and wet habitats, shaping metacommunities driven by both environmental and dispersal processes. By repeatedly resetting community succession, drying can enhance β-diversity in space and time. To investigate the transferability of these concepts across continents, we compiled and analyzed a unique dataset of 43 aquatic invertebrate metacommunities from drying river networks in Europe and South America. In Europe, α-diversity was consistently lower in non-perennial than perennial reaches, whereas this pattern was not evident in South America. Concomitantly, β-diversity was higher in non-perennial reaches than in perennial ones in Europe but not in South America. In general, β-diversity was predominantly driven by turnover rather than nestedness. Dispersal was the main driver of metacommunity dynamics, challenging prevailing views in river science that environmental filtering is the primary process shaping aquatic metacommunities. Lastly, α-diversity decreased as drying duration increased, but this was not consistent across Europe. Overall, drying had continent-specific effects, suggesting limited transferability of knowledge accumulated from North America and Europe to other biogeographic regions. As climate change intensifies, river drying is increasing, and our results underscore the importance of studying its effects across different regions. The importance of dispersal also suggests that management efforts should seek to enhance connectivity between reaches to effectively monitor, restore and conserve freshwater biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Removal via Enhanced Weathering","authors":"L. A. Derry,&nbsp;O. A. Chadwick,&nbsp;S. Porder","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70067","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Kantola et al. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) (K23) report data on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via enhanced weathering (EW) after applying ground basalt to agricultural plots. Here, we argue that their methodology does not allow them to assess whether EW fluxes are significantly different from zero at the 1 standard error level (≈83% CI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To summarize: K23 applied 5 kg m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; year&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; Blue Ridge meta-basalt for 4 years for a total nominal input of 20 kg m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;. To trace the fate of these additions and extrapolate CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; consumption rates, they analyzed rare earth elements (REE) in the amended and control soils before and after the application, and reported the average for five plots for each of the four cases. Based on these data, they concluded enhanced weathering (EW) consumed between 102 (maize/soy) and 234 gC m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; year&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Miscanthus&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A difficulty with these types of experiments is that they add a small amount of material to a much larger and variable pool, so the signal-to-noise ratio is inherently low. Consequently, subtle geochemical nuances can undermine the experimenters' ability to draw robust conclusions. In the case of K23, we find this problem arises from (a) analysis of the geochemical data without appropriately treating the uncertainty of the dependent and independent variables and (b) reliance on chemical analyses of the added basalt that are well below accepted quality for whole-rock analyses. We elaborate on each below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As soils are sampled at a small spatial scale, field-based average rates of basalt addition cannot predict what a particular soil sample received. K23 uses REE concentrations in the added basalt and recipient soils to estimate what was added to each specific soil. Because the individual REE concentrations in the pre- and post-treatment soils were not significantly different, K23 plotted (REE&lt;sub&gt;post&lt;/sub&gt;—REE&lt;sub&gt;pre&lt;/sub&gt;) as a function of REE&lt;sub&gt;basalt&lt;/sub&gt;. From this, they obtained an OLS (ordinary least squares) slope = 0.0409 ± 0.0027 after forcing the fit through the origin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, the REE data have uncertainties in both the independent (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;) and dependent (&lt;i&gt;y&lt;/i&gt;) variables, and these uncertainties are likely correlated with the variables—thus OLS is not an appropriate analysis. Instead, the appropriate regression method is a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE; York et al. &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). We estimated the uncertainties in the data using the sampling variance and assuming a moderate 4% analytical uncertainty (since none were given) and calculated the error correlation &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; (s.e.basalt, s.e.∆soil). The resulting estimate of slope is lower, and the uncertainty is larger by a factor of ≈5 (Figure 1), which directly propagates to the estimate of how much basalt was added to a given soil sample over the 4-year experiment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For both, we propagated all uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 realiza","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing Matters: Viticultural Land Use Determines Responses in Structure and Function of Fungal Stream Communities Across One Growing Season","authors":"Verena C. Schreiner,&nbsp;Moritz Link,&nbsp;Gesa Amelung,&nbsp;Katharina Ohler,&nbsp;Romana Salis,&nbsp;Florian Leese,&nbsp;Ralf B. Schäfer","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal communities are critical for leaf decomposition, a central ecosystem function in streams. A wide range of anthropogenic stressors can alter their structure and function (i.e., leaf decomposition). Additionally, fungal communities are subject to seasonal turnover due to natural processes. Despite this, seasonality in interaction with varying stressor exposure has rarely been studied in the context of leaf decomposition. We investigated fungal community composition and leaf decomposition over one agricultural growing season by deploying leaf bags at least impacted forest and viticultural sites of 10 streams. Additionally, we transplanted leaf bags that had been colonised at the forest sites to viticultural sites to investigate how changes in stressor exposure affect the structure and function of fungal communities. Leaf decomposition was repeatedly lower in the viticultural treatment than in the forest treatment, which was partly explained by the environmental variables. The decomposition of the transplanted leaves varied across the time points and was overall more similar to that of the forest treatment. The fungal communities in April were similar across treatments, whereas all exhibited different seasonal community turnover. At later time points (June, August and September), the fungal communities from the forest and transplant treatment remained similar, likely triggered by the priority effects of the location of colonisation (forest). The viticultural treatment, however, deviated at these time points, which coincided with the timing of fungicide application. Overall, we show that both community composition and function of leaf decomposition exhibit seasonal and stressor-related variability. Thus, our study demonstrates that seasonality and the actual stressor regime need to be considered and well described when investigating land use effects on leaf decomposition and associated fungal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Holocene “Turn-Off” of Coral Reef Growth in the Northern Red Sea and Implications for a Sea-Level Fall","authors":"B. Feldman,&nbsp;A. Torfstein,&nbsp;M. O'Leary,&nbsp;N. Simon Blecher,&nbsp;R. Yam,&nbsp;Y. Shaked,&nbsp;A. Shemesh,&nbsp;D. Huang,&nbsp;O. Levy","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coral reefs, known for their remarkable diversity, serve a pivotal function in modulating the global oceanic carbon cycle and act as natural barriers that protect coastlines from erosion and storm surges by dissipating wave energy. Despite their importance, their sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, sea-level shifts and anthropogenic changes in the future is highly unknown. In this study, we create a comprehensive documentation of coral growth, sedimentology and ecology spanning the middle to late Holocene in the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba, northern Red Sea. We then integrate these findings with a reconstruction of the area's environmental conditions over time. The findings reveal a noticeable hiatus of reef growth between 4400 and 1000 years BP (Before Present; “present” being defined as 1950), aligning well with comparable observations made across various locations in the Southern Hemisphere. The coral diversity and abundance along the cores display surprisingly similar patterns before and after the hiatus. This implies that the distinctive coral community thriving during the initial growth phase reappeared nearly 4000 years later, presumably sourced from the deeper reefs. The results are evaluated in the context of a potential sea-level drop and the resilience of coral communities to perturbations of this magnitude. We conclude that the hiatus at this site is due to a combination of factors, including tectonic activity and glacio-eustatic sea-level changes. Our research highlights the critical importance of understanding and managing coral reef ecosystems' responses to sea-level fluctuations to mitigate future impacts on these vulnerable environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}