Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Global Change Affects Large Herbivore Forage Biomass Through Gradual Successional Shifts and Abrupt Disturbances","authors":"Jonathan J. Farr,&nbsp;Sarah M. Straughan,&nbsp;Benjamin Larue,&nbsp;Tara K. Meyer,&nbsp;Jesse Whittington,&nbsp;Dillon J. Watt,&nbsp;Anne Hubbs,&nbsp;Evelyn H. Merrill,&nbsp;Mark Hebblewhite","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forage availability is a key factor regulating large herbivore populations. Global changes in land use and climate may affect the spatiotemporal distribution of forage across the ranges of large herbivores, especially in mountain ecosystems. We test two synergistic hypotheses for how landscape and climate changes from 2001 to 2023 have affected forb and graminoid biomass at the peak of the growing season within and across ecoregions of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Canada. The successional change hypothesis posits that the encroachment of woody vegetation into previously herbaceous communities has reduced forage biomass. The disturbance hypothesis proposes that abrupt community shifts caused by fire and timber harvesting have increased forage biomass. Using remote sensing, we quantify temporal changes in land cover and disturbances, NDVI greenness and phenology indices, and spring climate. We then used in situ vegetation data to parameterize generalized linear and gradient boosted regression tree models of forb and graminoid biomass to predict annual peak forb and graminoid biomass. Herbaceous land cover declined while shrub and forest area increased, and the percent of annual biomass within herbaceous areas declined from woody encroachment. Disturbance effects varied, with rising forage biomass in conjunction with increased area of logged forests in the foothills ecoregion, while burned areas declined and had a reduced contribution to the percent of annual biomass. Additionally, spring became warmer across the study area and ended earlier in the alpine, suggesting the effects of long-term climatic shifts may be strongest at higher ecoregions. Disturbance frequency, succession, and climate together shaped forage biomass in space and time. Increased prescribed fire and other ecological restoration actions may be needed to ensure that shifts in forage biomass do not threaten large herbivore persistence in the face of global change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Warming and Competition Do Not Limit the Adaptive Plastic Response to Drought in Populations of a Mediterranean Plant","authors":"Marina Ramos-Muñoz,&nbsp;Mario Blanco-Sánchez,&nbsp;Beatriz Pías,&nbsp;José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente,&nbsp;Raquel Benavides,&nbsp;Adrián Escudero,&nbsp;Silvia Matesanz","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water scarcity is the main selective pressure determining the performance of Mediterranean plant populations, with climate change predicted to increase the intensity and duration of droughts. However, drought rarely acts in isolation. Climate change also involves substantial warming in this region and may disrupt natural processes, including biotic interactions. Phenotypic plasticity allows plants to cope with rapid and multifaceted environmental changes. Although our knowledge of plastic responses to drought in Mediterranean plants has increased in recent years, how co-occurring simultaneous stressors interact to produce additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects that enhance or constrain adaptive plastic responses to drought is still unknown. Using a factorial experimental approach based on a multivariate common garden, we assessed whether adaptive phenotypic plasticity to drought and population differentiation in traits related to drought response were affected by the occurrence of other key simultaneous stressors, warming and intraspecific competition, in a Mediterranean gypsum endemic shrub. In response to drought, plants expressed adaptive plastic responses associated with a mixed resource-use strategy, combining conservative (sclerophyllous leaves with higher water use efficiency) and acquisitive (advanced phenology) phenotypic responses. Although the response to drought was modified by synergistic and antagonistic interactions with warming and competition, these interactions did not change the direction or reduce the extent of adaptive plasticity to drought. This suggests that plastic responses to drought may also provide benefits against warming and competition. Finally, we detected significant population differentiation in all functional traits, but phenotypic differences in reproductive biomass were significantly reduced under combined drought and warming. Our results emphasize the robustness of adaptive plasticity to drought under complex stress scenarios and underscore the importance of realistic, multifactorial experimental approaches to predict whether adaptive responses of plant populations will remain effective in a climate change context and influence their future ecological and evolutionary dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response and Recovery of Carbon and Water Fluxes in Australian Ecosystems Exposed to Severe Drought","authors":"C. Stephens,&nbsp;B. Medlyn,&nbsp;L. Williams,&nbsp;J. Knauer,&nbsp;A. Inbar,&nbsp;E. Pendall,&nbsp;S. K. Arndt,&nbsp;J. Beringer,&nbsp;C. M. Ewenz,&nbsp;N. Hinko-Najera,&nbsp;L. B. Hutley,&nbsp;P. Isaac,&nbsp;M. Liddell,&nbsp;W. Meyer,&nbsp;C. E. Moore,&nbsp;J. Cranko Page,&nbsp;R. Silberstein,&nbsp;W. Woodgate","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change-driven increases in drought risk pose a critical threat to global carbon and water cycles. However, ecosystem-scale responses remain poorly quantified, particularly for severe, multiyear drought events. We addressed this gap by examining ecosystem-scale carbon and water flux sensitivity to the extreme 2018–19 drought in Australia using data from 14 eddy covariance flux sites. The ecosystems span grasslands and semi-arid woodlands to tropical and temperate forests. The driest sites (classed as “grass” and “very dry”) experienced drastic productivity impacts, with a 65% decrease in Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) over 2 years relative to the pre-drought average. However, fluxes in “dry,” “seasonally wet” and “wet” ecosystems showed remarkable resistance, with no overall change in GPP. All sites recovered rapidly; carbon fluxes in the first post-drought year matched (and generally exceeded) those of a climatically similar pre-drought year. Drought responses were strongly mediated by ecosystem-specific strategies. The driest ecosystems showed direct coupling of productivity to water availability, while intermediate ecosystems (dry and seasonally wet) leveraged stored soil water to maintain evapotranspiration and productivity under drought. At these sites, water was conserved over wet periods (evapotranspiration &lt; demand, despite sufficient rainfall) and consumed over dry periods (evapotranspiration &gt; rainfall). This mechanism mitigating periodic water stress under high rainfall variability likely contributed to the notable drought resistance of the dry and seasonally wet sites. The monthly water deficit index (MWDI) emerged as a robust predictor of productivity across space, highlighting that short-term water availability deficits strongly influence overall ecosystem composition. Analysis of drought response mechanisms suggested rapid leaf loss under water stress, particularly at the driest sites. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for sub-surface water storage and diverse drought response strategies in vegetation models. We provide critical benchmarks for improving parameterization of plant-water relations, aiding efforts to inform climate-robust management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality in Diffusive Methane Emissions Differs Between Bog Microforms","authors":"Katharina Jentzsch,&nbsp;Elisa Männistö,&nbsp;Maija E. Marushchak,&nbsp;Tabea Rettelbach,&nbsp;Lion Golde,&nbsp;Aino Korrensalo,&nbsp;Joshua Hashemi,&nbsp;Lona van Delden,&nbsp;Eeva-Stiina Tuittila,&nbsp;Christian Knoblauch,&nbsp;Claire C. Treat","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane (CH₄), but substantial uncertainties remain in the global CH₄ budget, partly due to a mismatch in spatial scale between detailed in situ flux measurements and coarse-resolution land surface models. In this study, we evaluated the importance of capturing small-scale spatial heterogeneity within a patterned bog to better explain seasonal variation in ecosystem-scale CH₄ emissions. We conducted chamber-based flux measurements and pore water sampling on vegetation removal plots across different microtopographic features (microforms) of Siikaneva bog, southern Finland, during seasonal field campaigns in 2022. Seasonal and spatial patterns in CH₄ fluxes were analyzed in relation to key environmental and ecological drivers. High-resolution (6 cm ground sampling distance) drone-based land cover mapping enabled the extrapolation of microscale (&lt; 0.1 m²) fluxes to the ecosystem scale (0.75 km²). Methane emissions from wetter microforms (mud bottoms and hollows) closely followed seasonal changes in peat temperature and green leaf area of aerenchymatous plants, while emissions from drier microforms (high lawns and hummocks) remained seasonally stable. This constancy was attributed to persistently low water tables, which moderated environmental fluctuations and reduced seasonality of CH₄ production, CH₄ oxidation and plant-mediated transport. The strong spatial pattern in CH₄ emissions and their seasonal dynamics made both the magnitude and seasonal cycle of ecosystem-scale emissions highly sensitive to the areal distribution of microforms. Our findings underscore the need to integrate microscale spatial variability into CH₄ modelling frameworks, as future shifts in peatland hydrology due to climate change may alter the balance between wet and dry microforms—and with it, the seasonal and annual CH₄ budget.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic and Edaphic Drivers of Soil Organic Carbon and Pyrogenic Carbon Stocks Across Elevation and Disturbance Gradients in Colombian Andean Forests","authors":"Carmen R. Montes-Pulido,&nbsp;Michael I. Bird,&nbsp;Lidiany C. da Silva Carvalho,&nbsp;Julieth Serrano,&nbsp;Carlos A. Quesada,&nbsp;Ted R. Feldpausch","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil pyrogenic carbon (PyC) variation and their role in natural and managed ecosystems is increasingly important. However, PyC stocks in tropical Andean soils remain understudied. Here, we examined how edaphic and environmental factors affect PyC across elevation and disturbance gradients in 36 plots spanning natural forests and agrosilvopastoral systems in the Colombian Andes. Across the 0–100 cm soil profile, the mean SOC stock in the study region was 433.10 Mg C ha⁻¹ (range: 67.97–1462 Mg C ha⁻¹), while the mean PyC stock was 34.13 Mg C ha⁻¹ (range: 2.29–305.70 Mg C ha⁻¹), accounting for approximately ~8% of the total SOC. This PyC stock is approximately nine times greater than the Amazon-wide average. PyC (%) did not vary significantly with disturbance gradients or soil depths. However, both PyC (%) and SOC (%) varied significantly with elevation zonation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The High Andes had the highest concentrations of PyC (1.3%) and SOC (14.6%), which were substantially higher than the Medium Andes (PyC = 0.17%; SOC = 6.7%) and Low Andes (PyC = 0.06%; SOC = 1.3%). Soil clay content and annual precipitation were the primary drivers of PyC, explaining 56% of the variability when combined with pH, Ca, and NDVI. PyC was positively associated with clay content (Estimate: 0.27, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and negatively associated with annual precipitation (Estimate: −0.18, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These factors may influence the physical and chemical processes that affect PyC formation and preservation in soils. This analysis provides insight into SOC and PyC variability in Andean forest soils, highlighting the substantial contribution of soil PyC to total soil carbon and its importance as persistent soil carbon under current and predicted warming conditions across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange of a Subalpine Spruce Forest in Switzerland Over 26 Years: Effects of Phenology and Contributions of Abiotic Drivers at Daily Time Scales","authors":"Luana Krebs,&nbsp;Lukas Hörtnagl,&nbsp;Liliana Scapucci,&nbsp;Mana Gharun,&nbsp;Iris Feigenwinter,&nbsp;Nina Buchmann","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change affects carbon sequestration dynamics and phenology in forests, especially in alpine and subalpine regions. Here, long-term trends in climate, net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE), net carbon uptake period (CUP_net) and their drivers were investigated, using 26 years of flux measurements in a subalpine spruce forest (CH-Dav, Switzerland; 1997 to 2022). CUP_net length, start (SOS) and end of season (EOS) were extracted from smoothed daily NEE time series. We used machine learning to determine the importance of environmental drivers on daily NEE and CUP_net. Annual mean and maximum air temperatures (T_air) increased, while soil water content (SWC) decreased significantly between 1997 and 2022. Annual C sinks increased from 1997 to 2012, leveled off between 2012 and 2015, followed by a decline. Annual NEE was strongly related to CUP_net length, SOS, and EOS. No significant trends in CUP_net, SOS, or EOS were detected, most likely indicating ecophysiological acclimation, that is, physiological adjustments to changing environmental conditions over the past 26 years. We identified 48 days with significant negative trends in mean daily NEE over the 26 years, that is, stronger net C uptake or weaker net C loss, particularly in spring and autumn, but no significant positive trends. Daylength, incoming shortwave radiation (Rg), SWC, and minimum T_air were the main drivers of daily NEE. SOS was mainly driven by daylength and T_air, EOS by daylength and Rg. Thus, the spruce forest benefited from higher temperature between autumn and spring, with higher net C uptake during favorable conditions and reduced C loss when winter photosynthesis compensated respiration. However, high summer temperatures increasingly limited NEE, suggesting adverse effects for subalpine <i>Picea abies</i> forests in the future. Our study demonstrated that identifying driver contributions to NEE dynamics at daily time scales allows better understanding of the complexity of climate change impacts on forest C dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Exposure to Chemicals Increases Springtail Vulnerability to High Temperatures","authors":"Micha Wehrli,&nbsp;Jian Ge,&nbsp;Stine Slotsbo,&nbsp;Martin Holmstrup","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves, posing a significant threat to ectothermic organisms. Concurrently, chemical pollution, including heavy metals and pesticides, remains a pervasive environmental stressor. This study investigates the effects of sub-lethal copper and fluazinam exposure on the thermal tolerance of the soil-dwelling springtail, <i>Folsomia candida</i>. Using a thermal death time (TDT) framework, we assessed how pre-exposure to these toxicants at two acclimation temperatures (20°C and 24°C) influenced survival under heat stress. Our findings indicate that toxicant exposure reduced heat tolerance at moderately high temperatures (32.5°C) but had negligible effects at extreme temperatures (37°C). Acclimation at 24°C mitigated the negative effects of both toxicants, suggesting an enhanced capacity for cellular homeostasis under warm conditions. Additionally, soil type influenced thermal tolerance, highlighting the importance of environmental context in multiple stressor interactions. These findings highlight the need to integrate realistic thermal exposure scenarios in ecotoxicological assessments to improve predictions of organismal vulnerability under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland Bird Species Decline With Colonial-Era Landscape Change in a Tropical Montane Ecosystem","authors":"Vijay Ramesh,&nbsp;Priyanka Hariharan,&nbsp;Pratik Rajan Gupte,&nbsp;Ashwini V. Mohan,&nbsp;V. A. Akshay,&nbsp;Amrutha Rajan,&nbsp;Chandrasekar Das,&nbsp;Ian Lockwood,&nbsp;V. V. Robin,&nbsp;Morgan W. Tingley,&nbsp;Ruth DeFries","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70358","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impacts of colonial-era ecosystem changes on tropical biodiversity are poorly understood. We analyzed a 170-year dataset on land cover and bird observations in an Old World tropical montane landscape in the Western Ghats, India, to determine if and how historical landscape changes have impacted 85 bird species. A comparison of historical land cover and classified satellite imagery (1848–2018) revealed approximately an 80% decrease in grassland area and a concomitant increase in tea and timber plantations stemming from colonial-era policies and associated legacies of large-scale planting of cash crops and exotic woody species. We found that relative species abundances of about 90% of grassland birds have significantly declined while around 53% of forest bird species remained stable or even increased in relative abundance over the same period. Over 74% of generalist bird species have become more common over the same period, possibly due to reduced habitat specialization. Our findings show that colonial-era policies, continued postindependence, of tree planting across open natural ecosystems have resulted in severe loss of grassland habitats and a concomitant decline in the relative abundance of grassland bird species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Heterogeneity Imposed by Photovoltaic Array Alters Grassland Soil Microbial Communities","authors":"J. Alexander Siggers,&nbsp;Matthew A. Sturchio,&nbsp;Lillian Gordon,&nbsp;Shelby Mead,&nbsp;Melinda D. Smith,&nbsp;Alan K. Knapp","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) energy production has generated concern over its potential ecosystem impacts. PV arrays induce unique microenvironmental conditions by altering resource availability and substantially impacting aboveground processes. However, the belowground consequences of PV development are understudied, limiting our understanding of overall ecosystem impacts. Here, we paired soil physiochemical, molecular, and functional analyses with aboveground measures to assess plant–soil–microbial responses to distinct microsites beneath a single-axis tracking PV system in a semi-arid C₃ grassland. We hypothesized that each PV microsite would harbor a unique suite of soil physiochemical properties and microbiomes. We found only subtle differences in soil organic matter and pH, corresponding with aboveground productivity patterns, but other physiochemical properties remained unchanged. However, soil microbial community structure and function differed markedly across PV microsites and from a reference grassland plot. Within the array, microbial decomposition rates were highest where plant productivity and organic matter were greatest, but surprisingly lowest where soil moisture remained elevated throughout the growing season. Overall, these findings suggest that PV arrays create disparate patterns of soil microbial community structure and function, which may feedback to influence overall ecosystem functionality. Coarse measures of soil physiochemical properties, such as total carbon, may overlook key impacts of PV development.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Implications of Trait–Fire Mismatches for Animals","authors":"Luke T. Kelly,&nbsp;Ary A. Hoffmann,&nbsp;Craig R. Nitschke,&nbsp;Juli G. Pausas,&nbsp;Olivia V. Sanderfoot,&nbsp;Morgan W. Tingley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70368","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Human activity is changing when, where, and how fires burn, contributing to population declines of many species (Kelly et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Animal populations can respond to modified fire regimes by dispersing to suitable areas, adjusting traits through plastic responses such as behavioral or reproductive shifts, and adapting through evolutionary changes in their genetic make-up (Jones et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Evolutionary adaptation may be required when environmental conditions no longer match the traits animals have evolved, and this warrants specific attention in fire and global change research (Nimmo et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this Perspective, we build on a plant-focused application of the phenotype–environment mismatch concept, extending it to animals to understand the evolutionary and ecological consequences of altered fire regimes. Mismatches are primarily studied in the context of climate-driven changes (e.g., Petrullo et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), but trait–fire mismatches require dedicated investigation given fire's global reach, rapid and difficult-to-predict shifts, and extensive direct and indirect impacts on animals. Our framing brings into focus the role of fitness, variation in traits within species, and selection in shaping evolutionary responses to fire. By applying this phenotypic approach to animals, we provide a framework for investigating fire-related changes across a wide range of taxa and traits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fire regimes have temporal and spatial attributes, including the frequency and size of recurrent fires, as well as attributes that characterize the magnitude of fires such as their intensity (Figure 1). Many animal species thrive under particular fire patterns, so changes to fire attributes can affect fitness. Fires directly influence survival and reproduction: exposure to heat and smoke can cause mortality (Santos et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) or disrupt breeding (Krieg &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Other effects on survival and reproduction are indirect, developing through post-fire shifts in biotic interactions, microclimate, and resource availability (Jones et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ecological studies have generated important insights into fire-related traits, including behavioral, life-history, morphological, and physiological characteristics that influence fitness in fire-prone environments. A common focus is interspecific variation (between species) in fire-related traits. For example, traits such as diet, foraging location, and nesting habits help explain bird species' distributions across stages of post-fire vegetation succession (Rainsford et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, understanding how animals are affected by shifting fire regimes requires moving beyond static trait–fire associations and considering how relevant traits themselves may evolve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intraspecific trait variation (within species) provides the raw material for contemporary adaptive evolution, with growing evidence of fire-related differen","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}