Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Co-Extinctions and Co-Compensatory Species Responses to Climate Change Moderate Ecosystem Futures","authors":"Thomas J. Williams,&nbsp;Clement R. Garcia,&nbsp;Jasmin A. Godbold,&nbsp;Philippe Archambault,&nbsp;Martin Solan","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70539","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70539","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consensus has been reached that the sequential loss of biodiversity leads to a non-linear and accelerating decline in ecosystem properties. The form of this relationship, however, is based on theory and empirically derived observations that do not include species co-extinctions. Here, we use data from marine benthic invertebrate communities to parameterise trait-based extinction models that adjust the probability of species extirpation and compensation by including the dependencies between different species across a gradient of climate-driven environmental change. Our simulations reveal that the inclusion of static co-extinctions leads to more pronounced declines in the trajectories of sediment bioturbation—a process of great importance to the functioning of marine ecosystems—than those observed with sequential losses of single species. Compensatory mechanisms and the allowance of the formation of new interactions derived from local and regional species pools moderate the compounding influence of co-extinction but introduce additional variability in community response depending on the composition and functional role of incoming and outgoing species. Our observations emphasise the importance of accounting for local and regional community dynamics, especially in highly connected systems that are prone to extinction cascades when projecting the ecosystem consequences of altered biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Farms as Potential Future Refuges for Bumblebees","authors":"Hollie Blaydes,&nbsp;Emma Gardner,&nbsp;J. Duncan Whyatt,&nbsp;Simon G. Potts,&nbsp;Robert Dunford-Brown,&nbsp;John W. Redhead,&nbsp;Alona Armstrong","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70537","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar farms offer an opportunity for habitat creation for wildlife, including insect pollinators, potentially simultaneously contributing to both low-carbon energy and nature recovery. However, it is unknown whether cobenefits would persist under future land-use change given that habitat value is context dependent. For the 1042 operational solar farms in Great Britain, we predict their ability to support bumblebee populations (both inside and outside the solar farm) under three different socioeconomic futures. These futures represent alternative 1 km scale landcover projections for the year 2050 with accompanying narratives. We downscale these to 10 m resolution, spatially allocating crop rotations, agri-environment interventions and other habitat features consistent with the scenario narratives, to realistically represent fine-scale landscape elements of relevance to bumblebee populations. We then input these detailed maps into a sophisticated process-based model that simulates bumblebee foraging and population dynamics, enabling us to predict bumblebee density in and around Great Britain's solar farms, accounting for the effects of their changed habitat context and configuration in these different future scenarios. We isolate the drivers of bumblebee density change across scenarios and scales and show that solar farm management was the main driver of bumblebee density within solar farms, with ~120% higher densities inside florally enhanced compared to turf grass solar farms, although the exact figure was influenced by wider landcover changes. In foraging zones immediately surrounding solar farms, landscape changes had a greater impact on bumblebee densities, suggesting a single solar farm in isolation generally did not counteract the influence of wider land-use changes expected under future scenarios. In addition to providing insights into the potential future value of pollinator habitat on solar farms, our methodology demonstrates how combining process-based modelling with landcover projections that are downscaled to ecologically relevant resolutions can be used to better assess future effectiveness of habitat interventions. This represents a step change in our ability to account for species' interactions with socioeconomically driven futures, which can be extended and applied to other taxa and land-use interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Nitrogen Dynamics in Response to Increasing Nitrogen Deposition: Comparing Above-Canopy and Soil Fertilizations in a Mature Beech Forest","authors":"Alessandra Teglia,&nbsp;Cristiana Sbrana,&nbsp;Stefania Mattana,&nbsp;Andrea Scartazza,&nbsp;Matteo Bucci,&nbsp;Paola Gioacchini,&nbsp;Graziella Marcolini,&nbsp;Enrico Muzzi,&nbsp;Dario Ravaioli,&nbsp;Angela Ribas,&nbsp;Federico Magnani,&nbsp;Rossella Guerrieri","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70534","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70534","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen (N) fertilization experiments provide critical insights into how increasing N deposition alters the balance between N retention and saturation in forest ecosystems. However, most studies have considered soil N applications, overlooking tree canopy-atmosphere interactions, leading to an incomplete understanding of the fate of N in forests. We investigated ecosystem N dynamics 4 years after the establishment of a nitrogen manipulation experiment in a beech forest, involving Control (N0), 30 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹, distributed to soil (N30) and above tree canopies (N30A), and 60 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ applied to the soil (N60). We assessed N concentration and δ¹⁵N across forest compartments (leaves, fine roots, ectomycorrhizal root tips, soil, and litter) and quantified microbial functional genes related to soil N processes. N concentrations were minimally affected by treatments, whereas δ¹⁵N increased along compartments, particularly in the N60, indicating enhanced soil N losses. Both N30 and N60 increased N concentrations and δ¹⁵N values in ectomycorrhizal root tips (ERT) and soil, suggesting enhanced fungal N immobilization but limited transfer to the host plants. In contrast, N30A led to ¹⁵N depletion in fine roots and litter, reflecting stronger plant reliance on ectomycorrhizal activity and potential alterations in litter quality, which may inhibit decomposition. Soil nitrifiers and denitrifiers were abundant, regardless of the treatments. Our findings highlight the need for future experiments to simulate realistic N deposition scenarios, including canopy interactions, to better understand ecosystem N dynamics and forest responses under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Processes Underpin the Persistence of Dryland Productivity Following Extreme Wet Years","authors":"Yang Chen,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Xie,&nbsp;Sally E. Thompson","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70542","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70542","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming has induced more years of above-average rainfall, significantly affecting the interannual variability of the terrestrial global carbon cycle. An extreme wet year can cause changes to vegetation structure and function that persist beyond itself, referred to as “legacy effects”. The physical and biological mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood, introducing uncertainty into climate–carbon models to accurately represent post–wet year vegetation dynamics. Here we used multi-source satellite-derived vegetation productivity metrics, as well as eddy covariance (EC) measurements, to investigate the legacy effects of extreme wet years on the productivity of Australia's drylands. We found that the impact of the 2010–2011 extreme wet year extended beyond generating a record-breaking carbon uptake, which exceeded the 40-year mean by more than 1.5 standard deviations. It also resulted in a widespread positive legacy effect in the following year. Specifically, up to 56% of the vegetated areas that experienced anomalous wetness showed significant legacy effects after 1 year, with impact size contributing up to 40% of total productivity in those regions. Biological memory in wet years, representing a potential process for carbon storage and subsequent remobilization, was shown to dominate the legacy effect. Random forest analysis identified key ecogeographic controls on biological memory, such as resource-conservative strategies associated with drier climates and relatively fertile soils. Comparisons with Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) further revealed that current models may underestimate this biological memory by up to 70%, in part due to limited representation of carbon storage dynamics. Our results contribute to more accurate modelling of the dryland carbon cycle and provide a framework to better account for post-wet-year legacy effects by incorporating the influence of wet-year productivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Island Biogeography and Life-History Traits Stabilize Island Bird Communities","authors":"Yuhao Zhao,&nbsp;Di Zeng,&nbsp;Thomas J. Matthews,&nbsp;Dylan Craven,&nbsp;Morgan W. Tingley,&nbsp;Shaopeng Wang,&nbsp;Shao-peng Li,&nbsp;Ping Ding,&nbsp;Xingfeng Si","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70535","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70535","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Islands are model systems for testing and developing ecological theories. Despite extensive research on island biodiversity, the importance of the biogeographic context for biodiversity–stability relationships is poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by integrating the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) with a functional perspective to explore island biodiversity–stability relationships. We conducted annual breeding bird surveys across 36 land-bridge islands in eastern China over 13 years. Using this long-term dataset, we quantified avian temporal community stability (and its components of population stability and population asynchrony) and tested how island biogeographic factors (i.e., island area, isolation, colonization rates, and extinction rates) and biodiversity facets (i.e., species richness, average population size, and life-history traits) interact to influence stability. We found larger islands supported higher species richness due to colonization–extinction dynamics and habitat heterogeneity, which in turn promote both population stability and asynchrony. In addition, larger islands harbored larger and individually more stable populations over time. In contrast, island isolation had a weak net effect on stability, as its positive and negative influences through different pathways balanced each other out. Furthermore, species with ‘fast’ life-history traits, characterized by shorter generation times, contributed more to community stability. These findings clarify multiple pathways through which biogeographic factors shape avian community dynamics on islands. Our study thus illustrates how island biotas maintain community stability and provides insights for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in fragmented or island-like landscapes facing rapid biodiversity loss in an era of global change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Assessment of Environmental and Plant-Trait Influences on Root: Shoot Biomass Ratios","authors":"Ruijie Ding,&nbsp;Rodolfo L. B. Nóbrega,&nbsp;Iain Colin Prentice","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70543","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The distribution of assimilated carbon (C) among roots, stems, and leaves is a central process in terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. Yet the biomass allocation schemes used in current global vegetation and land surface models pre-date the existence of large plant-trait data sets and remain largely untested. Here we formulate hypotheses on the controls of root: shoot biomass ratios (R:S), based on eco-evolutionary optimality principles, and assess them quantitatively by analysing data on nearly 30,000 observations of R:S. We analysed global R:S patterns using multiple linear regression models for woody and herbaceous species separately, considering as candidate predictors growing-season mean temperature (<i>T</i>_g), gross primary production (GPP), a measure of root-zone water capacity (RZ_WC), soil pH, sand content, aridity index (AI), and plant traits: vegetation height (H), leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), specific root length (SRL), and rooting depth (RRD). R:S was systematically greater in herbaceous plants. R:S decreased with <i>T</i>_g, GPP, and height but increased with sand content, RRD, and LDMC in both woody and herbaceous plants. However, AI and leaf thickness had opposing effects on R:S. RZ_WC and SLA were important in woody plants, while pH and SRL played a larger role in herbaceous plants. The models explained 13% (woody) and 31% (herbaceous) of R:S variation. The lower explanatory power for woody plants is likely influenced by unmeasured variations in (for example) forest age and canopy position. These empirical findings provide a step towards a quantitative theory of plant C allocation responses to resource availability and an improved C allocation scheme for ecosystem models.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Strategies for Mitigating Microplastic Pollution: From Detection to Remediation","authors":"Kumari Amulya,&nbsp;Preeti Verma,&nbsp;Zaheer Ud Din Sheikh,&nbsp;Anjali Devi,&nbsp;Anita Singh,&nbsp;Deepak Pathania,&nbsp;Pankaj Mehta,&nbsp;Mudassir Ahmad Bhat","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70526","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microplastics (MPs) are persistent contaminants with serious environmental and human health consequences. This review examines the origins, distribution, and impacts of MPs on ecosystems, human health, and climate change. MPs are harmful contaminants prevalent everywhere, from wastewater treatment plants to polar regions, where a concentration as high as 1300–4800 particles per m³ has been detected. In addition to advanced microscopy, methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy—techniques that analyze the molecular composition of materials—are widely employed to detect MPs. Once MPs are detected and characterized using these techniques, the next critical step involves their remediation from the environment. Based on the type of MPs, physical, chemical, or biological methods have been used for the remediation of MPs from the environment. Physical methods such as filtration and adsorption are simple and inexpensive, achieving over 99% removal of MPs in laboratory tests; however, these methods are only trap and immobilize the MPs, requiring additional steps for complete remediation. Chemical methods such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrocoagulation are highly effective, capable of removing 80% of MPs but requiring a high energy input. Biological remediation techniques such as biodegradation appear to be a sustainable approach for mitigating MPs, with some species of <i>Aspergillus</i> capable of degrading over 94% of MPs, although it is still being investigated in the field. Even after significant advancements, challenges such as the fragmentation of MPs into nanoplastics and the release of by-products in the environment persist. Emerging solutions—such as bioengineered enzymes, which could prevent the fragmentation of MPs into nanoplastics, biosensors for rapid detection to reduce by-product release, and genetic modification of microorganisms designed for targeted degradation—offer promising directions to overcome current limitations. The development of standard detection methods and large-scale remediation measures is a key to alleviating the detrimental effects of MP pollution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening Nonlinearly Intensifies Drought Impacts on Grasslands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau","authors":"Jiujiang Wu,&nbsp;Yanqing Yang,&nbsp;Gaofei Yin,&nbsp;Junli Zhao,&nbsp;Tao Ding,&nbsp;Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70532","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70532","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau have been greening under climate change, but it is still debated whether this change strengthens resistance to drought or heightens ecosystem sensitivity to water stress. Here, we applied three indicators of drought impact—loss probability, loss intensity, and drought threshold—to assess how trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) relate to drought sensitivity and influence grassland net primary productivity (NPP). We find that greening areas cover about 75% of the grassland area, concentrated in the mid to late growing season and more prominent at lower elevations. Despite elevated tolerance thresholds, greening regions experience more frequent and severe drought-related losses than browning areas, forming a pattern of high exposure and high response, which was most evident during the mid-season and at elevations between 3000 and 3500 m. A clear shift in drought impacts was observed with elevation, with the most pronounced transition occurring between 3500 and 4500 m, where ecosystem stability began to decline. In addition, we identified a nonlinear relationship between NDVI trends and drought impacts, with losses increasing at low greening rates but declining beyond a turning point around 0.12 to 0.15 × 10⁻² year⁻¹, suggesting that greening can either exacerbate or alleviate stress depending on its magnitude. While the role of soil moisture varied with season, limiting NPP early in the season and supporting it later. These findings suggest that greening does not uniformly mitigate drought impacts. Rather, its effects depend on greening intensity, phenological stage, and elevation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Climate and Hydropower Influences on the Movement Decisions of an Anadromous Species","authors":"Markus A. Min,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Buchanan,&nbsp;Mark D. Scheuerell","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70533","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In large river basins, migratory fish populations are threatened by the combination of hydropower and climate change. With river temperatures rising and hydropower development increasing globally, the longstanding monitoring programs for threatened Pacific salmon populations in the Columbia River Basin present an opportunity to study these impacts over extended time scales. We fit a statistical model to 20 years of PIT-tagging data to jointly model the effects of temperature and dam operations (spill management) on the movement of Steelhead (anadromous <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) during their adult pre-spawn migration. We modeled the relationship between these factors and behaviors that pose mortality risks, including natal tributary overshoot (ascending a dam upstream of a natal tributary) and non-natal tributary use. We then used the posterior distributions of model-estimated parameters to predict the homing success of fish to natal tributaries under different climate and hydropower scenarios. Across the populations in our study, movement decisions were consistently thermally influenced, with temperature having a negative relationship with natal homing and a positive relationship with both natal tributary overshoot and non-natal tributary use. Another consistent finding across the populations in our study was that higher overshoot rates were associated with lower homing rates. Despite data limitations associated with the PIT-tag array network, we found evidence for population-specific benefits of winter spill on natal homing success, which is currently being implemented to assist the downstream migration of overshooting Steelhead. We demonstrate how integrating the effects of climate and hydropower management actions with movement ecology provides powerful insights into how species may respond to future scenarios. In our case study, we found that pre-spawn mortality of Steelhead is likely to increase with future climate change due to temperature-driven interactions with the hydrosystem, but there is potential for hydropower managers to partially offset these impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Climate-Smart Rice Systems: Moving Beyond Cultivar Improvement","authors":"Jinyang Wang,&nbsp;Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Yakov Kuzyakov,&nbsp;Zhaoqiang Han,&nbsp;Shuwei Liu,&nbsp;Yao Huang,&nbsp;Pete Smith,&nbsp;Kees Jan van Groenigen,&nbsp;Jianwen Zou","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70545","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70545","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>Rice is one of the world’s most important staple crops and a major source of agricultural methane emissions. Breeding strategies such as photosynthate allocation modification and biomass enhancement show potential, but their effectiveness is highly context dependent, shaped by water regimes and soil organic carbon levels. Cultivars effective under continuous flooding may fail, or even increase emissions, under optimized water regimes. This perspective argues for integrated strategies that combine cultivar improvement with water and organic matter management, microbiome regulation, and climate-resilient breeding to build climate-smart rice systems that ensure both yield stability and methane mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}