Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Challenging Paradigms Around the Role of Colony Size, Taxa, and Environment on Bleaching Susceptibility","authors":"Álvarez-Noriega Mariana,&nbsp;Aston Eoghan,&nbsp;Becker Madison,&nbsp;Fabricius Katharina E,&nbsp;Figueira Will F,&nbsp;Gordon Sophie,&nbsp;Krensel Ryan,&nbsp;Lechene Marine AA,&nbsp;Remmers Tiny,&nbsp;Toor Maren,&nbsp;Ferrari Renata","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding how bleaching severity varies across space and among and within taxa helps predict changes in community composition due to climate change and informs conservation efforts. Photogrammetry offers a non-invasive and time effective method for quantifying attributes of thousands of coral colonies across large, environmentally diverse reef areas. This approach circumvents the limitations of traditional survey methods, where detailed tracking of individual colonies comes at the expense of large sampling areas and sample sizes. Using photogrammetry, we measured colony size and scored bleaching severity of &gt; 5000 colonies of 13 taxa across 26 sites (&gt; 7400 m² of reef) during a mild bleaching event in the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in 2022. We quantified the relationship between bleaching severity and key biological and environmental factors: colony size, taxonomic identity, degree-heating weeks (DHWs), water velocity, various measures of reef structural complexity, depth, and distance to coast. Our results show that bleaching probability decreased with increasing colony size for most taxa, contradicting the current understanding of size-dependent bleaching. Counter to conventional thinking, tabular <i>Acropora</i> spp. presented very low levels of bleaching in 2022 despite being among the most severely bleached taxa during the bleaching event in 1998, suggesting possible adaptation in the last two decades. Our results show a high level of idiosyncrasy in environmental gradients of bleaching severity. For instance, the effect of depth on was taxon-dependent and the effect of wave velocity differed between inshore and offshore reefs. Our results challenge prevailing paradigms around the role of colony size and environment in regulating bleaching susceptibility, suggesting that refugia are not universal but instead depend on specific environment-taxonomic combinations and taxon-specific colony sizes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophyte Restoration Promotes Lake Microbial Carbon Pump to Enhance Aquatic Carbon Sequestration","authors":"He Chen,&nbsp;Peng Xing,&nbsp;Shuhji Kao,&nbsp;Shilin An,&nbsp;Zhendu Mao,&nbsp;Shiming Fan,&nbsp;Biao Li,&nbsp;Qingyun Yan,&nbsp;Qinglong L. Wu","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Macrophyte-based lake restoration has successfully transitioned lakes from turbid conditions dominated by phytoplankton to a more natural, clear state; however, its impact on microbial carbon pump-mediated dissolved organic carbon (DOM) storage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the aquatic ecosystem remains largely unexplored. Through a year-long field study, we conducted a comparative analysis of two alternative habitats within the same lake—restored and unrestored areas. Results demonstrated that restoration not only substantially decreases nutrient levels and algal blooms—evidenced by over 50% reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus, and chlorophyll a—but also significantly increases the accumulation of recalcitrant DOM. This is characterized by rises of 9.52% in highly unsaturated compounds, 8.68% in carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules, 37.54% polycyclic condensed aromatics and polyphenols, and 20.21% in SUVA₂₅₄. Additionallly, key microbial taxa with potent carbon pump functions—primarily Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria—are enriched in restored areas. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further elucidated the complex interrelationships within more pristine lake ecosystems: macrophytes and elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations enhance carbon sequestration via microbial carbon pump pathways, while the restoration significantly mitigates methane emissions caused by eutrophication. These findings highlight an extra function of aquatic macrophyte restoration, offering valuable insights into microbial processes for future restoration efforts aimed at promoting sustainable aquatic ecosystems and mitigating global warming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-Influenced Ecological Memory Modulates Microbial Responses to Soil Moisture","authors":"Shuxin Liang,&nbsp;Wenjin Zhu,&nbsp;Weihong Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Geng,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Grossart,&nbsp;Linchuan Fang,&nbsp;Yu Shi,&nbsp;Yuyi Yang","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term climatic differences shape the ecological memory of soil bacterial communities, which refers to the ability of past events to influence current environmental responses. However, their ecological mechanisms and consequences for bacterial responses to current environmental changes remain largely unknown, particularly in terms of temporal dynamics. Therefore, soil bacterial communities in the arid (Lhasa River Basin) and humid (Nyang River Basin) grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were compared to explore their temporal dynamics in response to current soil moisture and the resulting ecological consequences. Our results indicate that the differences between current and historical soil moisture determine the degree of divergence in bacterial community composition and potential function. The temporal dynamics of bacterial community composition, life strategies, and potential functions differed with environmental history, even under comparable moisture conditions. In contrast, bacterial communities with the same environmental history exhibited similar temporal dynamics, suggesting that environmental history has an important influence on bacterial community dynamics. This phenomenon may be caused by the continuous accumulation of bacterial community life strategies as an informational legacy, regulating future response patterns to soil moisture changes and thereby affecting biogeochemical cycles in the soil. For example, soil bacterial communities in relatively arid regions may increase their potential for dormancy, even when the current soil environment is moist, thereby enhancing ecosystem resilience by improving their capacity to respond to future drought events. This study provides new insights into the ecological memory of soil bacteria, emphasizing its critical role in influencing the compositional and functional changes of bacterial communities in response to current environmental changes. It highlights the significance of understanding the effect of environmental history in predicting the future responses of bacterial communities to disturbances and environmental changes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic and Biological Drivers Shape Anthropogenic Extinctions in the Macaronesian Vascular Flora","authors":"Raúl Orihuela-Rivero,&nbsp;Javier Morente-López,&nbsp;J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort,&nbsp;Hanno Schaefer,&nbsp;Alfredo Valido,&nbsp;Miguel Menezes de Sequeira,&nbsp;María M. Romeiras,&nbsp;Carlos A. Góis-Marques,&nbsp;Marcos Salas-Pascual,&nbsp;Alain Vanderpoorten,&nbsp;José María Fernández-Palacios,&nbsp;Jairo Patiño","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whether species extinctions have accelerated during the Anthropocene and the extent to which certain species are more susceptible to extinction due to their ecological preferences and intrinsic biological traits are among the most pressing questions in conservation biology. Assessing extinction rates is, however, challenging, as best exemplified by the phenomenon of ‘<i>dark extinctions</i>’: the loss of species that disappear before they are even formally described. These issues are particularly problematic in oceanic islands, where species exhibit high rates of endemism and unique biological traits but are also among the most vulnerable to extinction. Here, we document plant species extinctions since Linnaeus' <i>Species Plantarum</i> in Macaronesia, a biogeographic region comprised of five hyperdiverse oceanic archipelagos, and identify the key drivers behind these extinctions. We compiled 168 records covering 126 taxa, identifying 13 global and 155 local extinction events. Significantly higher extinction rates were observed compared to the expected global background rate. We uncovered differentiated extinction patterns along altitudinal gradients, highlighting a recent coastal hotspot linked to socioeconomic changes in Macaronesian archipelagos from the 1960s onwards. Key factors influencing extinction patterns include island age, elevation, introduced herbivorous mammals, and human population size. Trait-based analyses across the floras of the Azores and Canary Islands revealed that endemicity, pollination by vertebrates, nitrogen-fixing capacity, woodiness, and zoochory consistently tended to increase extinction risk. Our findings emphasize the critical role of geography and biological traits, alongside anthropogenic impacts, in shaping extinction dynamics on oceanic islands. Enhancing our knowledge of life-history traits within island floras is crucial for accurately predicting and mitigating future extinction risks, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive biodiversity assessments in island ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcing the Significance of Crop Diversity for Biodiversity Conservation in the Face of Agricultural Expansion","authors":"Irene Guerrero,&nbsp;Manuel B. Morales","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Agriculture has altered the Earth's surface since it first emerged in different regions worldwide. However, its impact on ecosystems and biological communities varies significantly across geographical areas. These variations are due not only to climatic and ecological differences but also to differences in human occupation and land-use history. Overall, tropical ecosystems have proven to be more resilient to traditional agricultural disturbance, showing a greater capacity for recovery after abandonment than subtropical and temperate ecosystems (Chazdon et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, the ability of agricultural areas to recover after the abandonment of agricultural activity depends largely on the depth of the transformation, the intensity of use and the duration of the activity (Krause et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Ecosystems in temperate and subtropical regions have been profoundly transformed by agriculture since the Neolithic revolution, so that original biological communities have been largely replaced by others adapted to open landscapes and the cyclic disturbance regimes associated with agriculture, in which pioneer and generalist species thus tend to dominate (Ellis et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). In contrast, the highly rich species pools of tropical ecosystems have persisted in the face of traditional, low-intensity and often itinerant farming, which has allowed much higher niche diversification and degree of ecological specialization (Oakley and Bicknell &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Probably due to such divergence, studies assessing the impact of agriculture on biodiversity have flourished in either type of ecosystem, while comprehensive accounts that globally evaluate and compare the response of biological communities to agricultural transformation are very scarce. Fan et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) in their work ‘Impact of crop type on biodiversity globally’, recently published in Global Change Biology, is one of those few. Shunxiang Fan and colleagues use large global datasets to assess which major crop types are linked to varying levels of species richness and abundance in birds, arachnids and insects. They compare annual and perennial crops across tropical and non- tropical regions, including subtropical and temperate areas. It can, therefore, be considered a landmark study, whose main result and message is that modern agriculture is causing stronger biodiversity loss in annual than in perennial crops, in monocultural than in mixed or mosaic (including natural vegetation patches) systems and in tropical regions. In the typical vein of good and fertile scientific work, Fan and colleagues leave the ground open for reflection, new questions and further testing of ecological hypotheses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of these considerations has to do with the tested and acknowledged recognition of heterogeneity within agricultural landscapes as a critical factor for biodiversity conservation. As agricultural intensification progresses, the resultant simplification of ","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of Labile Organic Matter to Eutrophication and Warming in Temperate Mangrove Ecosystems","authors":"Timothy Thomson,&nbsp;Conrad A. Pilditch,&nbsp;Marco Fusi,&nbsp;Natalie Prinz,&nbsp;Carolyn J. Lundquist,&nbsp;Joanne I. Ellis","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sediments in mangrove forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle due to high inputs of organic matter (OM) and low decomposition rates, making them highly efficient at sequestering carbon. The balance between OM sequestration and decomposition in these systems is influenced by a complex interplay of environmental factors. However, there is a large amount of uncertainty surrounding decomposition rates from mangrove forests, particularly at regional scales. We used standardized decomposition assays of a labile and recalcitrant substrate in 30 estuaries, spanning a gradient in human land use intensity, to identify dominant drivers of OM decomposition in temperate mangrove forests. Our results reveal that, while labile OM decomposition is strongly driven by eutrophication, recalcitrant OM decomposition is primarily influenced by increases in the minimum sediment temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nutrient enrichment from human land use, in combination with increased sediment temperature, synergistically accelerates the decomposition of labile OM, thereby threatening the carbon sequestration potential of these ecosystems. This suggests that coastal eutrophication can exacerbate the effects of warming on decomposition, leading to heightened vulnerability of carbon storage and potential feedbacks between local and global stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Lateral Carbon Dynamics at an Eroding Yedoma Permafrost Site in Siberia (Duvanny Yar)","authors":"Kirsi H. Keskitalo,&nbsp;Lisa Bröder,&nbsp;Dirk J. Jong,&nbsp;Paul J. Mann,&nbsp;Tommaso Tesi,&nbsp;Anna Davydova,&nbsp;Nikita Zimov,&nbsp;Negar Haghipour,&nbsp;Timothy I. Eglinton,&nbsp;Jorien E. Vonk","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid Arctic warming is accelerating permafrost thaw and mobilizing previously frozen organic carbon (OC) into waterways. Upon thaw, permafrost-derived OC can become susceptible to microbial degradation that may lead to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), thus accelerating climate change. Abrupt permafrost thaw (e.g., riverbank erosion, retrogressive thaw slumps) occurs in areas rich in OC. Given the high OC content and the increase in frequency of abrupt thaw events, these environments may increasingly contribute to permafrost GHG emissions in the future. To better assess these emissions from abrupt permafrost thaw, we incubated thaw stream waters from an abrupt permafrost thaw site (Duvanny Yar, Siberia) and additionally, waters from their outflow to the Kolyma River. Our results show that CO₂ release by volume from thaw streams was substantially higher than CO₂ emissions from the river outflow waters, while the opposite was true for CO₂ release normalized to the suspended sediment weight (gram dry weight). The CH₄ emissions from both thaw streams and outflow waters were at a similar range, but an order of magnitude lower than those of CO₂. Additionally, we show that nearshore riverbank waters differ in their biogeochemistry from thaw streams and Kolyma River mainstem: particles resemble thaw streams while dissolved fraction is more alike to the Kolyma River thalweg. In these waters dissolved OC losses are faster than in the river thalweg. Our incubations offer a first insight into the GHG release from permafrost thaw streams that connect exposed and degrading permafrost outcrops to larger river systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stronger Response of Plant N:P to Nitrogen Enrichment When Considering Roots","authors":"Yu Ning,&nbsp;Feike A. Dijkstra,&nbsp;Xiao-Sa Liang,&nbsp;Xiao-Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Guo-Jiao Yang,&nbsp;Liang-Chao Jiang,&nbsp;Xing-Guo Han,&nbsp;Xiao-Tao Lü","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrogen (N) enrichment leads to an imbalance of N and phosphorus (P) in plants by enhancing plant N:P, with consequences for ecosystem processes and function. However, the evidence for a plant N–P imbalance is predominantly from studies on aboveground tissues. It remains unclear whether imbalanced aboveground responses would be paralleled by similar responses in roots, which contribute to nearly 70% of total biomass in grasslands globally. We measured community-level N:P stoichiometry of both shoots and roots to 1 m depth across a wide-ranging N addition gradient in a temperate steppe after 7–9 years of treatment. Both shoot N:P (SNP) and root N:P (RNP) showed nonlinear responses to increasing N addition rates, where N:P first increased and then saturated. RNP was significantly higher than SNP and saturated at higher N addition rates than SNP (39.0 vs. 16.8 g N m⁻² yr.⁻¹). Furthermore, the inter-annual stability of RNP was higher than that of SNP. Consequently, N:P in whole plants was higher than that in shoots, indicating more severe N–P imbalance than based on shoot measurements only. Previous results from aboveground parts might have underestimated the enhancement of N enrichment on plant N:P. Our results imply that belowground food webs with roots as their food resource would be more severely suffering from N–P imbalance than aboveground food webs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing the Humans","authors":"Andrea Corradini,&nbsp;Steffen Mumme,&nbsp;Francesca Cagnacci","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brown bears across Europe are responding to the human footprint, with space use and movement behaviour strongly influenced by limited habitat connectivity. While natural food availability and habitat suitability remain important for bears, growing human pressure is increasingly constraining their ecological role. The picture was drawn by Andrea Gazzola.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Negative Legacy Effect of Extreme Drought on Soil Respiration Is Unaffected by Post-Drought Precipitation Regime in a Temperate Grassland","authors":"Eszter Lellei-Kovács,&nbsp;Zoltán Botta-Dukát,&nbsp;Gábor Ónodi,&nbsp;Andrea Mojzes,&nbsp;György Kröel-Dulay","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil respiration, the main ecosystem process that produces carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, is sensitive to extreme climatic events. The immediate, usually negative effect of droughts on soil respiration has often been observed, but the recovery of soil respiration following drought is rarely documented. Soil respiration can be reduced beyond the drought year if drought-induced changes suppress soil activity. Alternatively, reduction in soil respiration may be overcompensated in the subsequent years due to increased substrate input and soil moisture, resulting from plant dieback during drought. In addition, post-drought weather patterns may also affect the recovery of soil respiration. In a full-factorial grassland experiment, we combined an extreme (5 months) summer drought in 2014 with four levels of post-drought precipitation regimes, including severe (2 months) droughts, moderate (1 month) droughts, ambient weather, and water addition (four large rain events) in summers of 2015 and 2016. We measured soil respiration monthly between May and November, from 2013 to 2016. The extreme drought had an immediate strong negative effect, decreasing soil respiration by 50.8% in 2014 compared to the control plots, and it had a negative legacy effect in 2015 (14.5% reduction), but not in 2016. This legacy effect was unaffected by the post-drought precipitation regime. Moderate drought decreased soil respiration by 12.1% and 18.6%, while severe drought decreased soil respiration by 18.3% and 27.3% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, while water addition had no effect. Since soil water content in extreme drought plots recovered by 2015, we hypothesize that changes in soil biota and reduced root activity are responsible for extreme drought's long-term negative effects. Overall, our results highlight that extreme droughts may have negative effects on soil respiration well beyond the event, and thus the full effect on carbon cycling may be much larger than what is estimated solely based on the immediate effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}