Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"Connectivity Loss in Experimental Pond Networks Leads to Biodiversity Loss in Microbial Metacommunities","authors":"Beáta Szabó,&nbsp;Máté Váczy-Földi,&nbsp;Csaba F. Vad,&nbsp;Károly Pálffy,&nbsp;Thu-Hương Huỳnh,&nbsp;Péter Dobosy,&nbsp;Ádám Fierpasz,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Márton,&nbsp;Tamás Felföldi,&nbsp;Zsófia Horváth","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Habitat fragmentation is among the most important global threats to biodiversity; however, the direct effects of its components including connectivity loss are largely unknown and still mostly inferred based on indirect evidence. Our understanding of these drivers is especially limited in microbial communities. Here, by conducting a 4-month outdoor experiment with artificial pond (mesocosm) metacommunities, we studied the effects of connectivity loss on planktonic microorganisms, primarily focusing on pro- and microeukaryotes. Connectivity loss was simulated by stopping the dispersal among local habitats after an initial period with dispersal. Keeping the habitat amount constant and the abiotic environment homogeneous allowed us to track the direct effects of the process of connectivity loss. We found that connectivity loss led to higher levels of extinction and a decrease in both local and regional diversity in microeukaryotes. In contrast, diversity patterns of prokaryotes remained largely unaffected, with some indications of extinction debt. Connectivity loss also led to lower evenness in microeukaryotes, likely through changes in biotic interactions with zooplankton grazers. Our results imply that connectivity loss can directly translate into species losses in communities and highlight the importance of conserving habitat networks with sufficient dispersal among local habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dominant Edaphic Controls on Particulate Organic Carbon in Global Soils","authors":"Ziyu Guo,&nbsp;Jianzhao Liu,&nbsp;Liyuan He,&nbsp;Jorge L. Mazza Rodrigues,&nbsp;Ning Chen,&nbsp;Yunjiang Zuo,&nbsp;Nannan Wang,&nbsp;Xinhao Zhu,&nbsp;Ying Sun,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang,&nbsp;Yanyu Song,&nbsp;Dengjun Zhang,&nbsp;Fenghui Yuan,&nbsp;Changchun Song,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17619","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17619","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current soil carbon paradigm puts particulate organic carbon (POC) as one of the major components of soil organic carbon worldwide, highlighting its pivotal role in carbon mitigation. In this study, we compiled a global dataset of 3418 data points of POC concentration in soils and applied empirical modeling and machine learning algorithms to investigate the spatial variation in POC concentration and its controls. The global POC concentration in topsoil (0–30 cm) is estimated as 3.02 g C/kg dry soil, exhibiting a declining trend from polar regions to the equator. Boreal forests contain the highest POC concentration, averaging at 4.58 g C/kg dry soil, whereas savannas exhibit the lowest at 1.41 g C/kg dry soil. We developed a global map of soil POC density in soil profiles of 0-30 cm and 0–100 cm with an empirical model. The global stock of POC is 158.15 Pg C for 0–30 cm and 222.75 Pg C for 0–100 cm soil profiles with a substantial spatial variation. Analysis with a machine learning algorithm concluded the predominate controls of edaphic factors (i.e., bulk density and soil C content) on POC concentration across biomes. However, the secondary controls vary among biomes, with solid climate controls in grassland, pasture, and shrubland, while strong vegetation controls in forests. The biome-level estimates and maps of POC density provide a benchmark for modeling C fractions in soils; the various controls on POC suggest incorporating biological and physiochemical mechanisms in soil C models to assess and forecast the soil POC dynamics in response to global change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Protected Areas That Preserve Trophic Cascades Promote Resilience of Kelp Forests to Marine Heatwaves","authors":"Joy A. Kumagai,&nbsp;Maurice C. Goodman,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez,&nbsp;David S. Schoeman,&nbsp;Kyle C. Cavanuagh,&nbsp;Tom W. Bell,&nbsp;Fiorenza Micheli,&nbsp;Giulio De Leo,&nbsp;Nur Arafeh-Dalmau","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17620","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Under accelerating threats from climate-change impacts, marine protected areas (MPAs) have been proposed as climate-adaptation tools to enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems. Yet, debate persists as to whether and how MPAs may promote resilience to climate shocks. Here, we use 38 years of satellite-derived kelp cover to empirically test whether a network of 58 temperate coastal MPAs in Central and Southern California enhances the resistance of kelp forest ecosystems to, and their recovery from, the unprecedented 2014–2016 marine heatwave regime that occurred in the region. We also leverage a 22-year time series of subtidal community surveys to mechanistically understand whether trophic cascades explain emergent patterns in kelp forest resilience within MPAs. We find that fully protected MPAs significantly enhance kelp forests' resistance to and recovery from marine heatwaves in Southern California, but not in Central California. Differences in regional responses to the heatwaves are partly explained by three-level trophic interactions comprising kelp, urchins, and predators of urchins. Urchin densities in Southern California MPAs are lower within fully protected MPAs during and after the heatwave, while the abundances of their main predators—lobster and sheephead—are higher. In Central California, a region without lobster or sheephead, there is no significant difference in urchin or kelp densities within MPAs as the current urchin predator, the sea otter, is protected statewide. Our analyses show that fully protected MPAs can be effective climate-adaptation tools, but their ability to enhance resilience to extreme climate events depends upon region-specific environmental and trophic interactions. As nations progress to protect 30% of the oceans by 2030, scientists and managers should consider whether protection will increase resilience to climate-change impacts given their local ecological contexts, and what additional measures may be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.17620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeography of a Global Plant Invader: From the Evolutionary History to Future Distributions","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Isolde van Riemsdijk,&nbsp;Mu Liu,&nbsp;Zhiyong Liao,&nbsp;Armand Cavé-Radet,&nbsp;Jingwen Bi,&nbsp;Shengyu Wang,&nbsp;Yujie Zhao,&nbsp;Peipei Cao,&nbsp;Madalin Parepa,&nbsp;Oliver Bossdorf,&nbsp;Armel Salmon,&nbsp;Malika Aïnouche,&nbsp;Rui-Ting Ju,&nbsp;Jihua Wu,&nbsp;Christina L. Richards,&nbsp;Bo Li","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17622","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17622","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biological invasions pose a global challenge, affecting ecosystems worldwide and human societies. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of invasive species is critical to understanding their current invasion success and projecting their future spread. However, to date, few studies have addressed the evolutionary history and potential future spread of invaders simultaneously. In this study, we explored both evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamic patterns of the distribution of <i>Reynoutria japonica</i>, known as one of the world's worst plant invaders. We analysed 265 <i>R. japonica</i> samples from its current geographical ranges across three continents, using seven chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to establish the phylogenetic relationships among extant populations. We combined these with ecological niche modelling to infer historical and more recent migration patterns and predict potential future distribution changes under climate change. Our results indicate that climate fluctuations and sea level changes likely facilitated the expansion of <i>R. japonica</i> from southern Japan to continental East Asia in the Pliocene, followed by a contraction in East Asian populations. In the recent Holocene, human activities have then enabled a linage of this species to spread from Japan to Europe and North America, resulting in three major global clades. Future climate scenarios suggest a northward expansion of <i>R. japonica</i> in Europe and North America, but shrinking habitat in China. Our study, thus, demonstrates the complex influences of historical climate-driven migrations, human activities and future climate changes on the global distribution of an invasive species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Organic Carbon Increases With Decreasing Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration","authors":"Jingwei Shi,&nbsp;Lei Deng,&nbsp;Jianzhao Wu,&nbsp;Edith Bai,&nbsp;Ji Chen,&nbsp;Zhouping Shangguan,&nbsp;Yakov Kuzyakov","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17616","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17616","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) describes the proportion of organic C used by microorganisms for anabolic processes, which increases with soil organic C (SOC) content on a global scale. However, it is unclear whether a similar relationship exists during natural vegetation restoration in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we investigated the patterns of CUE along a 160-year vegetation restoration chronosequence (from farmland to climax forest) estimated by stoichiometric modeling; additionally, we examined the relationship between CUE and SOC content and combined these results with a meta-analysis. The combination indicated that vegetation restoration decreased CUE from 0.35 to 0.28. Surprisingly, SOC content increased with decreasing CUE during vegetation restoration because forest soils have low pH values and high microbial phosphorus limitations compared to early ecosystems, implying that climax forests may not sequester as much soil C as expected. The shift in soil pH was the most important predictor of CUE compared to climate, plant, and microbial factors. CUE changes were directly induced by soil pH and not by the pH-induced microbial community. Alkaline soil acidification tended to decrease CUE. This first large-scale estimate of the relationship between CUE and SOC during natural restoration highlights the need to strengthen C sink management in mature forests to sustain their C sequestration potential.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus Cycling as a Function of Soil Microbiome","authors":"Youzhi Feng,&nbsp;Ruirui Chen","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17611","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17611","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Phosphorus (P) is one of the main elements limiting the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems (He et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). P availability is also critical for multiple ecosystem services such as food production, waste decomposition, and carbon sequestration (Helfenstein et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Unfortunately, P is a nonrenewable resource linked to bedrock availability. Soil P primarily exists in insoluble mineral or organic forms, with only a limited fraction (usually less than 1%) available for plant uptake. Currently, 90% of global P demand is associated with food production, which is predicted to increase by 50%–100% by 2050 due to rising food demand and changing diets (Cordell, Drangert, and White &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). In this regard, P faces potential shortages, threatening future global food supply. In addition to the shortage, the global distribution of soil P is highly uneven (Ringeval et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; He et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), which has far-reaching effects on productivity and ecosystem health worldwide. For example, P is especially depleted in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet, and in very cold soils, P often declines as ecosystem develops. In this respect, advancing our understanding of how to promote P use efficiency and reducing the dependency on P fertilizers is critical to support sustainable agriculture and promote food security for the next generations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the vast importance of P for energy metabolism, growth, and productivity, plants and microbes have developed a large number of mechanisms to cope with P limitations and support P availability in terrestrial environments. Those include, for example, cluster roots, typically found in the Proteaceae family, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi–plant associations, the release of phosphatase enzymes by roots and microbes to decompose organic matters, or the exudation of organic acids such as oxalate and malate aimed to digest carbonate rocks. Advancing our understanding on the mechanisms behind the contribution of plants and microbes in supporting P availability is critical for supporting phosphorus use efficiency. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in P cycling and enhance its bioavailability in soils by regulating the balance between “nutrient availability” and “nutrient immobilization.” Specifically, microbes can promote P availability via mineralizing, dissolving, and transforming difficult-to-access inorganic and organic P in soils, which is made available for microbial and plant uptake (Liang et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Microbes also contribute to P immobilization in soils via retaining P in living and dead cells (Chen et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). The immobilized P then can be converted back to available P through the rapid cell turnover when facing low-P environments. In many farmlands with P imbalances, despite high total P content in soils, crops still exhibit P deficiency symptoms due to low levels of available P. The tradeoff between “nutrien","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.17611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Cropland Soil Organic Carbon Changes From Space","authors":"Tom Broeg,&nbsp;Axel Don,&nbsp;Martin Wiesmeier,&nbsp;Thomas Scholten,&nbsp;Stefan Erasmi","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17608","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil monitoring requires accurate and spatially explicit information on soil organic carbon (SOC) trends and changes over time. Spatiotemporal SOC models based on Earth Observation (EO) satellite data can support large-scale SOC monitoring but often lack sufficient temporal validation based on long-term soil data. In this study, we used repeated SOC samples from 1986 to 2022 and a time series of multispectral bare soil observations (Landsat and Sentinel-2) to model high-resolution cropland SOC trends for almost four decades. An in-depth validation of the temporal model uncertainty and accuracy of the derived SOC trends was conducted based on a network of 100 long-term monitoring sites that were continuously resampled every 5 years. While the general SOC prediction accuracy was high (<i>R</i>² = 0.61; RMSE = 5.6 g kg⁻¹), the direct validation of the derived SOC trends revealed a significantly greater uncertainty (<i>R</i>² = 0.16; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), even though predicted and measured values showed similar distributions. Classifying the results into declining and increasing SOC trends, we found that 95% of all sites were either correctly identified or predicted as stable (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), highlighting the potential of our findings. Increased accuracies for SOC trends were found in soils with higher SOC contents (<i>R</i>² = 0.4) and sites with reduced tillage (<i>R</i>² = 0.26). Based on the signal-to-noise ratio and temporal model uncertainty, we were able to show that the necessary time frame to detect SOC trends strongly depends on the absolute SOC changes present in the soils. Our findings highlight the potential to generate significant cropland SOC trend maps based on EO data and underline the necessity for direct validation with repeated soil samples and long-term SOC measurements. This study marks an important step toward the usability and integration of EO-based SOC maps for large-scale soil carbon monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.17608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative Heat Stress in Fluctuating Temperatures and Implications for the Distribution of Freshwater Fish","authors":"Enrico L. Rezende,&nbsp;Mauricio J. Carter","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17623","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17623","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predicting how rising temperatures will impact different species and communities is imperative and increasingly urgent with ongoing global warming. Here, we describe how thermal–death time curves obtained in the laboratory can be combined with an envelope model to predict the mortality of freshwater fish under field conditions and their distribution limits. We analyze the heat tolerance and distribution of 22 fish species distributed across North America and demonstrate that high temperatures imposed a distribution boundary for 11 of them, employing a null model. Importantly, predicted thermal boundaries closely match the warmest suitable locality of the envelope model. Simulated warming suggests that the distribution of fish species with lower heat tolerances will be disproportionately affected by rising temperatures, and the rate of local extinctions will be higher across fish communities in warmer localities. Ultimately, our analyses illustrate how physiological information can be combined with distribution models to forecast how warming temperatures are expected to impact different species and ecological communities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Application Stimulates Methane Emissions","authors":"Kaikai Fang","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17621","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17621","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), a potent greenhouse gas, has a global warming potential 27 times higher than carbon dioxide on a 100-year scale and contributes 30% of human-induced global warming (IPCC &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; WMO &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Rice paddies emit 24–31 Tg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; year&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, accounting for ~9% of anthropogenic CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions (IPCC &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Meanwhile, rice is the most important stable food globally, emphasizing the urgency to reduce CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions (Bao et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are crucial to global rice production (van Grinsven et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), and elucidating the intricate impacts of N application on CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from rice paddies through various pathways remains a significant challenge (Tang et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). First, N fertilization typically promotes plant growth (Cai et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Feng et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), thereby increasing the availability of substrates conducive to CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; production (Qian et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), ultimately leading to more CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. Second, ammonium (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) suppress CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; oxidation by competing for the binding sites on CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; monooxygenase (Qian et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), thereby further enhancing CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. Conversely, N application can enhance the growth of rice roots, subsequently facilitating the transport of oxygen into the rhizosphere (Jiang et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;), which may increase the growth and metabolic activity of soil methanotrophs, potentially promoting CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; oxidation and thus decreasing CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. Therefore, the intricate interplay between N fertilization and the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; cycle introduces complexity, making it challenging to anticipate the net effects of N fertilization on CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from rice paddies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Numerous studies have endeavored to quantify the impacts of N fertilization on CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from rice paddies. However, the findings have been inconsistent and are profoundly influenced by a range of local factors, including soil characteristics, plant species, agricultural management strategies and climatic conditions (Liao et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Despite these investigative endeavors, the precise magnitude of N fertilization's contribution to CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions remains uncertain, presenting significant challenges in predicting global CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions and developing targeted mitigation strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recently, Tang et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) conducted the first global-scale study to quantify the effects of N fertilizers on CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from rice paddies, a topic that is both intriguing and highly topical. The study employed a multifaceted approach that integrates a comprehensive meta-analysis with serial verification methodologies, including field, pot and incubation experiments, to provide novel insights ","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.17621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeography of Soil Phosphorus-Cycling Microbes in a Changing World","authors":"Haiyan Chu,&nbsp;Yuying Ma","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17617","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcb.17617","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for all life forms on Earth, playing a vital role in various metabolic processes. While living organisms store some phosphorus, soil serves as the primary reservoir for this nutrient. However, the biological availability of phosphorus in soil is often limited, leading to widespread phosphorus deficiency across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide (Hou et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). This limitation can impede essential ecological functions, such as net primary productivity, nitrogen fixation, and carbon storage. As a pivotal element in the nutrient cycle, soil phosphorus exerts significant regulatory influence over ecosystem structure, functions, and processes (Hou et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Over geological time, the primary source of phosphorus for living organisms has been the weathering of phosphorus-rich rocks, but soil microorganisms are also integral to the phosphorus cycle. Soil microorganisms involved in phosphorus cycling facilitate the fixation and mineralization of phosphorus through various biological processes. For instance, phosphorus-solubilizing microbes play a crucial role by mobilizing organic phosphorus, dissolving inorganic phosphorus minerals, and retaining phosphorus in biomass (Li et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). These activities significantly contribute to maintaining effective phosphorus levels in the soil. Despite the importance of microbial processes in phosphorus cycling, the underlying genetic mechanisms and the multitude of factors influencing these interactions remain complex and not fully understood. Currently, research exploring the roles of phosphorus-cycling microbes in the global soil environment is still limited, highlighting the need for further study in this essential area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Soil microbial biogeography focuses on examining the ecological distribution of soil microbial diversity, community composition, and functional traits across various temporal and spatial scales, ranging from regional to global levels. Understanding these distribution patterns is vital for uncovering the mechanisms that drive microbial diversity and influence ecosystem processes (Chu et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). In the context of soil ecosystems, Bahram et al. (&lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) confirmed that fungi and bacteria displayed a global niche differentiation pattern in the global topsoil, mainly due to their differential responses to precipitation and soil pH. Additionally, they discovered spatial variations in the relative contributions of these soil microbes to global nutrient cycling. Recent research has further demonstrated that soil biodiversity and its associated functions exhibited widespread nonlinear patterns worldwide, with moisture availability—determined by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration—being a primary factor influencing these patterns (Zhang et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Research has shown a significant positive correlation between the density of phosphorus-solubilizing microbial","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.17617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}