Global Change Biology最新文献

{"title":"The Fragile Sink: Reconceptualizing Soil Carbon Stabilization and Its Vulnerability Under Global Change","authors":"Muhammad Mubashar Iqbal, Muhammad Ansar Farooq, Rattan Lal, Mohamed Abdalla, Pete Smith","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71071","url":null,"abstract":"Soil carbon sequestration (SC <jats:sub>seq</jats:sub> ) is fundamental to global climate mitigation initiatives; however, growing evidence indicates an expanding disparity between carbon (C) accumulation and its long‐term persistence. This article aims to integrate recent advances in microbial ecology, mineral biogeochemistry, and nutrient stoichiometry to examine why increases in soil C (SC) stocks do not necessarily translate into long‐term persistence. The article introduces the fragile sink framework, wherein sink durability reflects the balance between internal C throughput and the strength of stabilizing barriers. Global change drivers, including warming, elevated CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ), nutrient enrichment, and anthropogenic disturbance, can accelerate internal C turnover, resulting in soils that are structurally younger, more reactive, and increasingly vulnerable to rapid C loss despite stable or rising stocks. The article shows that destabilization begins at predictable vulnerability frontiers where stoichiometric gating and mineral protection are overridden, while recovery is constrained by kinetic and architectural hysteresis. Thus, it recommends a shift away from stock‐ and input‐centric C farming toward process‐centric C defense, emphasizing the protection of slow‐cycling, kinetically protected pools under increasing turnover.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected Ecological Vulnerability in Tropical Pacific Heatwave Refuge","authors":"Weikang Zhan, Ying Zhang, Haigang Zhan, Qingyou He","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71065","url":null,"abstract":"The equatorial western‐central Pacific (WCP), characterized by low marine heatwave (MHW) occurrence and weak MHW intensity, is generally considered a refuge from MHWs. However, by integrating satellite observations with in situ measurements from BGC‐Argo floats and TAO/TRITON buoys, this study reveals that the WCP exhibits the strongest phytoplankton response to MHWs in the global ocean, with near‐surface chlorophyll concentration (CHL) declining by up to 50% per unit MHW intensity. This extreme response primarily arises from a concurrent reduction in both horizontal and vertical nutrient supply during MHWs. Eastward current anomaly inhibits zonal advection of nutrient‐rich water from the east, while enhanced salinity stratification and shoaled mixed layer hamper vertical nutrient supply. Contrary to the near‐surface, subsurface phytoplankton increase substantially during MHWs, mainly resulting from the improvement in nutrient and light conditions at depths below the shoaled mixed layer and near the base of the deepened euphotic layer. As the WCP hosts the world's most productive tuna fisheries and intense subsurface MHWs, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized ecological vulnerability with important implications for fishery management and carbon cycle in this vital marine system.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Litter Mixing Effects Modulate UV ‐Induced Photodegradation Across Grasslands","authors":"Sen Yang, Jiao Su, Pengfei Chang, Yuntao Wu, Jing Wang, Meifeng Deng, Junsheng Huang, Lingli Liu","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71075","url":null,"abstract":"UV radiation can strongly affect litter decomposition across broad climatic gradients, but the magnitude of its contribution differs among ecosystems. Current understanding of this process remains largely based on single‐species litter experiments, which overlook the compositional complexity of natural litter inputs and the potential role of litter mixing in modulating UV‐driven photodegradation. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed‐litter decomposition experiment within a UV‐manipulation network across a 25° latitudinal gradient spanning four grassland types in China. Using biomass‐weighted mixtures of locally dominant species to represent natural litter inputs at each experimental site, we examined how variations in litter diversity and trait dispersion shaped the regional pattern of UV effects on mixed‐litter decomposition. After four‐year field decomposition, UV attenuation prolonged litter mean residence time by 3%–35% across sites. Litter mixtures with higher taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity showed faster early‐stage mass loss, a pattern explained by greater availability of dissolved organic carbon for microbial decomposition. In contrast, greater dispersion in species‐level C/N ratios within the litter mixtures imposed increasingly stronger stoichiometric constraint on biotic degradation as decomposition progressed. The magnitude of UV‐induced photodegradation increased with UV intensity. However, faster decomposition in phylogenetically diverse mixtures shortened the duration of radiation exposure, thereby constraining the strength of UV‐induced litter photodegradation. This mixing‐effect‐mediated constraint presented a stronger influence than UV exposure intensity on explaining regional variation in UV effects on litter decomposition. Overall, these findings underscore a previously underappreciated role of local litter mixture complexity in modulating the spatial pattern of UV‐induced photodegradation across grassland ecosystems. By linking litter mixing effects with UV‐driven decomposition, this study extends photodegradation research beyond the common focus on single‐species litter and highlights the importance of community‐level litter complexity for predicting grassland carbon turnover concurrent with climate change and biodiversity loss.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"297 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Warming Shifts Seasonal and Soil Depth‐Related Root Growth Dynamics in Subarctic Grasslands","authors":"Biplabi Bhattarai, Pavel Baykalov, Páll Sigurdsson, Coline Le Noir de Carlan, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Ivan Janssens, Boris Rewald, Ivika Ostonen","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71055","url":null,"abstract":"Climate warming in northern ecosystems is accelerating, yet the responses of belowground growth dynamics under warming remain poorly understood. We assessed how soil warming affects seasonal root growth dynamics in subarctic grasslands, aiming to predict belowground responses under future climate scenarios. We investigated root growth across soil depths and seasons in geothermally warmed subarctic grasslands, comparing two warming durations: medium‐term (MTW; 11–14 years) and long‐term (LTW; &gt; 60 years) and three warming magnitudes (ambient: +0°C, &lt; +2°C, and &gt; +2°C). Root length and projection area were quantified from minirhizotron images using the automated segmentation model RS_SAG. The automated segmentation model trained and used in this study performed robustly, with accuracy comparable to manual labels. Warming duration and magnitude effects on root length and projection area were season‐ and soil‐depth‐dependent. Root growth responses were more pronounced under LTW than MTW, particularly in the subsoil under warming &gt; +2°C. Significant differences from ambient conditions occurred during summer, where root length and projection area were larger than in ambient conditions. Warming shifted root growth phenology by accelerating peak‐season growth and intensifying winter decline. Enhanced subsoil root growth was related to a higher topsoil rhizome biomass, which likely provided additional energy to support deeper root growth and a higher abundance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Kobresia myosuroides</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> —a deep‐rooted rhizomatous sedge species with extensive belowground biomass. Higher subsoil root length and projection area under LTW indicate a shift towards deeper rooting, potentially associated with changes in species composition or nutrient availability. Enhanced root growth, proliferation, temporal shifts and seasonal amplitude may increase litter inputs, influencing microbial activity and organic matter dynamics in subsoils. These deep‐root responses may partially offset warming‐induced organic matter decomposition but could also affect the stability of soil carbon pool, emphasising the role of deep‐soil roots in carbon cycling in subarctic soils.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Projections of Burned Area in Europe Highlight the Importance of Human Action","authors":"Maik Billing, Matthew Forrest, Simon P. K. Bowring, Luke Oberhagemann, Alex N. Neidermeier, Jessica Hetzer, Werner von Bloh, Christoph Müller, Susanne Rolinski, Thomas Hickler, Kirsten Thonicke","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71043","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are often a natural part of many European ecosystems, but human activities through land use, other socio‐economic factors and climate change have significantly changed how fires behave. Anthropogenic climate change is already intensifying fire‐prone weather and increasing wildfire risk across Europe with risk expected to grow sharply in coming decades. Past experience suggests that human action, such as fuel management and improved fire suppression capacity, can reduce wildfire spread and intensity. However, whether current or future efforts can counter rising risks under continued climate change remains uncertain. In this study, we assess the role of socio‐economic factors and biophysical factors in shaping future fire regimes across Europe. Using two fire models (SPITFIRE and BASE) coupled with the fire‐enabled Dynamic Global Vegetation Model LPJmL, we simulate future burned area under two socio‐economic and greenhouse gas concentration pathways (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP3‐7.0). We also run experiments where socio‐economic factors are held constant to isolate their influence. Our findings show that both biophysical and socio‐economic factors strongly affect future wildfire activity. Fire weather and fire management capacity are important drivers, while population density, vegetation shifts and land use matter more at regional scales. By the end of the century, intensified fire weather alone could increase annual burned area by approximately +39% under a low emission scenario (SSP1‐2.6) and by nearly +192% under a high emission scenario (SSP3‐7.0). Continued improvements in fire management capacity could substantially moderate these increases, reducing burned area by 72%–92% compared to scenarios without these improvements. However, under strong climate change, fire activity still rises in about 55% of Europe's fire prone regions, even if investments in fire management capacity continue at current levels. Overall, improved wildfire management capacity has the potential to greatly limit impacts of worsening fire weather, but may not fully offset strong climate change impacts.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophilization: Concepts, Methods, and Implications of Changes in Community Composition due to Global Warming","authors":"Kenneth J. Feeley, Evelin Iseli, Billur Bektaş, Rubén D. Manzanedo, Crystal H. McMichael, Jake M. Alexander, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71063","url":null,"abstract":"With global warming, many species will shift their geographic ranges coldward (i.e., towards higher latitudes and elevations) to remain within suitable thermal conditions. At the community level, these range shifts result in “thermophilization”—the increasing relative abundance of warm‐adapted (“thermophilic”) species and the concomitant decrease of cold‐adapted species over time. Quantifying rates of thermophilization provides a powerful approach to assessing responses to rising temperatures at the community level, particularly in high‐diversity systems where the detailed spatial data needed to calculate species‐level responses to warming for thousands of individual species are often unavailable. This review synthesizes our current understanding of thermophilization across terrestrial, marine, and aquatic systems. We detail the most common methods used to quantify thermophilization, primarily through the calculation of the Community Temperature Index (CTI, °C), which aggregates species' thermal affiliations into a single community‐level metric that can then be tracked through time to calculate an annualized thermophilization rate (TR, °C year <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ). We evaluate the advantages of this approach, such as its ability to partition the contributions of underlying demographic processes (i.e., recruitment vs. growth vs. mortality, or colonization vs. extinction) and/or individual species and species groups, its flexibility in using diverse data sources like herbarium records and citizen science, and its ability to test relationships between TR and site‐specific conditions such as elevation, landcover, and anthropogenic disturbances. We also discuss some of the standing challenges and limitations of the thermophilization approach, including a lack of standardization that hinders large‐scale synthetic analyses, the challenge of propagating estimation errors from the species‐ to community‐level, and difficulties in interpreting and communicating results. We then discuss the implications of thermophilization for ecosystem stability and function, including the potential for biodiversity losses and altered ecosystem services. Finally, we highlight several important and exciting avenues for future research on climate‐driven shifts in community composition.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Biodiversity Supports Agroecosystem Services Under Multiple Global Change Factors","authors":"Catalina Garzón‐Ladino, Guiyao Zhou, Daniel Revillini, Samuel Castejon, Yuanyuan Bao, Youzhi Feng, Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71064","url":null,"abstract":"Cereals are the key staple foods supporting a growing population under global change. Soil biodiversity sustains ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) that underpins food production and soil agroecosystem services. Yet, the capacity of soil biodiversity to support EMF in cereal fields under multiple global change factors (GCFs) remains virtually unknown. Here, we conducted a field mesocosm experiment involving wheat, four levels of soil biodiversity, and up to eight distinct GCFs (warming, drought, salinity, heavy metals, nitrogen addition, microplastics, pesticides, and alkalinization) to investigate the contributions of soil biodiversity in supporting EMF (e.g., crop productivity, nutrient cycling, plant symbionts, plant health and organic matter decomposition) under multiple GCFs. Our results reveal that soil biodiversity maintains positive effects on EMF under increasing levels of GCFs. Intermediate levels of multiple GCFs stimulated vegetative wheat biomass, likely due to compensatory responses, but often at the expense of other soil ecosystem functions such as organic matter decomposition or the prevalence of plant symbionts, highlighting the inherent trade‐offs under global change. These findings demonstrate that preserving soil biodiversity is essential to maintain agroecosystem functioning under multiple global change factors.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flux Science Without Borders: Strengthening Ecosystem Flux Capacity in Latin America","authors":"Tonantzin Tarin, M. Susana Alvarado‐Barrientos, Eugenia González del Castillo, Mónica Cervantes‐Jiménez, Zulia Sánchez‐Mejía, Alejandro Cueva, Alejandro Delgado‐Guerrero, Dulce Flores‐Renteria, Jaime Garatuza‐Payan, César Hinojo‐Hinojo, Karem Meza, David J. P. Moore, Elí R. Pérez‐Ruiz, Ana Maria Restrepo‐Acevedo, Natalia Restrepo‐Coupe, Jaime C. Revenga, Natalia E. Tonti, D. Tyler Roman, Milena A. González, Jorge M. Uuh‐Sonda, Rodrigo Vargas, Martha L. Vargas‐Terminel, Erik Velasco, Samuel Villarreal, Sebastien C. Biraud, Margaret S. Torn, Enrico A. Yepez","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71047","url":null,"abstract":"The future of how we understand and manage ecosystems largely depends on direct and continuous observations that connect local territories to planetary processes. Latin America (LATAM: Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean) hosts ecosystems critical for regulating global carbon, water, and energy cycles. However, persistent underinvestment in science and technology hampers the long‐term monitoring capacity needed to advance regional priorities. Addressing the climate crisis requires investing in local researchers, technicians, and students, providing Earth System Science training that integrates biophysical and sociocultural knowledge. Although English is the <jats:italic>lingua franca</jats:italic> of science, training in native languages accelerates technical capacity, strengthens regional collaboration, and grounds solutions in local experience. Here, we present TAFE ( <jats:italic>Taller de Aprendizaje de Flujos Ecosistémicos</jats:italic> ) as an example of how regionally grounded, native‐languages training can strengthen ecosystem flux science in LATAM and beyond. Such initiatives help decentralize knowledge, reduce the underrepresentation of Global South ecosystems in flux databases, and empower the next generation to lead research for both regional and global benefit.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Fatty Acid Contents of Marine Organisms: A Global Meta‐Analysis","authors":"Bethany Rose Dawson, Evangeline Mantzioris, Ivan Nagelkerken, Sean D. Connell, Camille Mellin","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71056","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean warming and acidification pose significant threats to marine biodiversity and human nutrition by fundamentally altering the biochemical composition of marine organisms. A primary concern is the potential decline in omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) that are essential to human health and primarily obtained through seafood consumption. The influence of these climate stressors on FA content across marine food webs remains poorly understood. To address this critical knowledge gap, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 489 experiments across 143 publications and 132 marine species, quantifying the effects of warming and acidification on nutritionally important FAs in marine primary producers, invertebrates and fishes. Under warmer conditions, we detected reductions of up to 34% and 50% in omega‐3 FA proportions and concentrations, respectively, and up to 53% in omega‐3: omega‐6 ratios, together with increases of up to 22% and 17% in saturated FA proportions and concentrations, respectively across taxa groups. Critically, these effects were intensified as warming increased. The most severe reductions in omega‐3 FAs were observed in primary producers, suggesting that climate‐driven changes at the base of the food web could impair trophic transfer of these micronutrients, limiting nutrient availability for higher trophic levels and ultimately humans. Ocean acidification, conversely, demonstrated a minor overall effect on FA levels, although this result was based on substantially fewer studies. Furthermore, we identified species from environments with broader temperature ranges, diatoms, herbivorous invertebrates and low‐resilience fish to display larger reductions in omega‐3 FA proportions under warming. Our meta‐analysis further highlighted the need for long‐term studies under ecologically realistic conditions to improve predictions of nutritional responses to climate change. These findings are essential for understanding how the nutritional value of species change under climate change, and can inform fisheries management, aquaculture and public health policy aimed at securing the future availability of these vital micronutrients.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Interactions Between Warming and Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 Increase Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration","authors":"Ruiqi Yao, Yike Zhang, Wolfgang Wanek, Zhongkui Luo, Haoran Fu, Scott X. Chang, Cesar Terrer, Mingkai Jiang, Tida Ge, Guopeng Liang, Yuanhe Yang, Yiqi Luo, Ji Chen, Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo, David R. Chadwick, Davey L. Jones, Lianghuan Wu, Yongchao Liang, Qingxu Ma","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71072","url":null,"abstract":"Warming and elevated CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) are two potentially opposing climate‐carbon (C) feedback mechanisms that modulate the magnitude of the land C sink, with warming decreasing and eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increasing C sequestration. However, their net effect on soil organic C (SOC)—the largest terrestrial C stock—remains uncertain. Here, we quantify how warming, eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , and their interactions influence SOC by using 5558 paired observations from 1392 global studies across ecosystem types. Our study shows that warming reduces SOC by 8.0%, primarily by suppressing aboveground C inputs (−1.0%) and decreasing microbial C use efficiency (−9.9%). Concurrent warming and eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increase SOC by 7.6%—a synergistic effect larger than eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> alone (+4.8%), primarily contributed by croplands. This outcome may result from increases in plant C inputs and soil nitrogen availability under eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , which facilitate microbial C assimilation and necromass formation (+3.9%). These processes promote the accumulation of mineral‐associated C (+9.9%) and offset the negative effects of warming. The combined effect of warming and eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> is projected to increase SOC by 27.4 Pg C by 2100. Our findings highlight that synergistic interaction between warming and eCO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increases SOC sequestration and enhances SOC stability under future climate change.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}