Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Albendazole and Clorsulon in Fasciola hepatica Control: Integrated Pharmacokinetic and Flukicidal Eficacy Assessment in Sheep.","authors":"V Chiappetta, C Cantón, C Pruzzo, C Lanusse, L Alvarez, L Ceballos","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasciola hepatica causes fasciolosis, a growing zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and humans worldwide. The main strategy to control fasciolosis in livestock animals, is based on drugs such as triclabendazole (TCBZ), albendazole (ABZ), clorsulon (CLOR), nitroxynil, closantel, and rafoxanide. Only TCBZ is available for F. hepatica control in human medicine and its resistance is growing. The use of drug combinations has been proposed as a strategy to delay it. This study compares the pharmacokinetics and flukicidal efficacy of ABZ + CLOR when administered together or separately in sheep infected with F. hepatica. Enhanced systemic exposure of the ABZ sulphoxide metabolite was observed after the co-administration ABZ + CLOR compared to the ABZ alone treatment. The CLOR disposition kinetics was not affected by its co-administration with ABZ. The flukicidal clinical efficacy was 85% (ABZ), 92% (CLOR) and 100% (ABZ + CLOR), respectively. The work described here contributes to the characterization of the disposition kinetics of both flukicidal molecules showing that the combined ABZ and CLOR therapy may enhance the efficacy against F. hepatica in sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Rifampin (Rifampicin) Essential for the Treatment of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals? A Critical Review of the Role of Rifampin","authors":"Keith Edward Baptiste,&nbsp;Niels Christian Kyvsgaard,&nbsp;Mohamed Omar Ahmed,&nbsp;Peter Damborg,&nbsp;Patricia M. Dowling","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rifampin is an enigma among antimicrobials. Blood and tissue compartment concentrations are a “moving target” along the treatment course due to the complex pharmacodynamic interactions within the body. Rifampin concomitant therapies are for the prevention and treatment of \u0000 <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\u0000 infection in foals, for nearly 40 years. The necessity of rifampin concomitant therapies is based on beliefs that both antimicrobials (e.g., rifampin plus macrolide) penetrate into pulmonary abscesses and intracellular compartments above \u0000 <i>R. equi</i>\u0000 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), as well as better efficacy, compared with other approaches, and limiting the rate of antimicrobial resistance to either single agent. However, rifampin acts as a perpetrator drug for many co-administered drugs. This critical review evaluates the available evidence for rifampin use in foals with \u0000 <i>R. equi</i>\u0000 , concerning pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of rifampin in foals, in vitro microbiological studies and selection of antimicrobial resistance, as well as an analysis of randomized clinical trials. Rifampin is a nuclear pregnane X receptor activator, which results in strong negative drug interactions towards itself and other drugs, for drug-absorption routes either by upregulation of presystemic elimination mechanisms (e.g., intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4), or functional drug-absorption carriers (e.g., intestinal P-glycoprotein) and/or inhibition of intestinal and/or hepatic drug-uptake carriers (e.g., OATP1B1, OATP2B1, MRP2). Chronic rifampin administration results in decreases in the serum and target site/s concentrations of many parent drugs, including itself. Rifampin concomitant therapies do not demonstrate a significant advantage over monotherapy with macrolides, in randomized controlled blinded and double-blinded clinical trials for subclinical, and mild-to-moderate bronchopneumonia in foals with pulmonary abscesses, regardless of initial pulmonary abscess score. Efficacy of rifampin concomitant therapies for severe \u0000 <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\u0000 pneumonia has not been fully investigated, but there is sufficient accumulated evidence in foals to raise major concerns about the incorrect use of rifampin in equine medicine. These concerns include rifampin as a bacteriostatic antibiotic against \u0000 <i>R. equi</i>\u0000 , with changing pharmacokinetics during treatment that decreases parent/coparent concentrations as well as the risk of selecting for multi-resistant \u0000 <i>R. equi</i>\u0000 .</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 5","pages":"345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketoprofen Pharmacokinetics in Goats Following Repeated Treatment Alone or in Combination With Cefquinome.","authors":"Duygu Durna Corum, Orhan Corum, Mario Giorgi, Serafettin Kartal, Erdinc Turk, Fatih Sakin, Huseyin Donmez, Kamil Uney","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work was aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetic changes after repeated administration of ketoprofen (3 mg/kg, IM, once a day for 5 days) to goats either alone or in combination with cefquinome (2 mg/kg, IM, once a day for 5 days). The study was carried out on six goats according to a balanced, open, two-phase, cross-pharmacokinetic design. The plasma ketoprofen concentrations were measured using HPLC-UV, and the pharmacokinetic data were estimated using a non-compartmental analysis. After the first dose of ketoprofen, the terminal elimination half-life (t_1/2ʎz), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC_0-last), and peak plasma concentration (C_max) were 1.47 h, 12.23 h*μg/mL, and 6.06 μg/mL, respectively. The last dose of ketoprofen resulted in significant variations in t_1/2ʎz and AUC_0-last values compared to the first dose, but C_max was similar. Cefquinome administration caused significant differences in the t_1/2ʎz, AUC_0-last, and C_max of ketoprofen. There was no variation in T_max between the first and final doses or between treatment groups. The accumulation ratio of ketoprofen was 1.32 and 0.76 when used alone and in combination with cefquinome, respectively. Repeated administration of ketoprofen alone or with cefquinome altered its disposition; therefore, the efficacy of ketoprofen when used alone or in combination with cefquinome in goats should be determined, and the dosage regimen should be re-evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Ampicillin/Sulbactam in Critically Ill Dogs has Variable Pharmacokinetics.","authors":"Robert Goggs, Sarah Robbins, Julie Menard, Jamie Selman, Jeff Beverly, Sydney Kraus-Malett, Mark G Papich","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving therapeutic plasma concentrations is essential for effective antimicrobial drug (AMD) treatment. Critical illness alters drug distribution and clearance, potentially impacting AMD effectiveness. We conducted a prospective observational study in 25 critically ill dogs to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous (IV) ampicillin/sulbactam and achievement of the efficacy target of ≥ 50% of the dosing interval with unbound plasma drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT > MIC). All dogs received IV ampicillin/sulbactam from a commercial formulation at a dosage of 20 mg/kg ampicillin/10 mg/kg sulbactam. Plasma concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PK modeling determined best-fit compartmental models, and Monte Carlo simulations evaluated the probability of target attainment for bacterial MICs. A one-compartment model best described ampicillin PK, while a two-compartment model fit sulbactam. Monte Carlo simulations indicated a 90% probability that ampicillin at 20 mg/kg IV q8 h would achieve the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) veterinary breakpoint of 0.25 μg/mL for > 50% of the dosing interval. There was only a 10% probability of achieving the human breakpoint of 8 μg/mL. At 0.25 μg/mL, most Enterobacterales isolates would be resistant. The ampicillin/sulbactam dosage tested meets veterinary CLSI standards for ampicillin but might not effectively treat Enterobacterales infections in critically ill dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Single Dose and Multidose Oral Gabapentin in Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus).","authors":"Jessie C Ziegler, Meera Heller, Sherry Cox, Joe S Smith","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a shifting public perception of animal welfare that has increased demand for establishing pain management strategies in livestock. Gabapentin is often utilized in practice to mitigate neuropathic pain. However, there is little pharmacokinetic information to guide its use in goats. The objectives of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of oral gabapentin in goats given as a single dose (SD) and multidose (MD) regimen, as well as to document any adverse effects after administration. Six healthy adult goats were administered 15 mg/kg of gabapentin orally once for the SD trial, and every 12 h for 6 doses for the MD trial. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. After SD administration, maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum concentration, and elimination half-life were: 3.22 μg/mL; 4.49 h; and 8.15 h, respectively. After MD administration, maximum plasma concentration and time to maximum concentration were: 4.56 μg/mL and 2.24 h. Accumulation ratio (R) was 1.66 ± 0.81 when comparing the MD AUC12_h to the SD AUC12_h. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for increased accumulation ratio with multiple dosing strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gender on the Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Sheep.","authors":"Orhan Corum, Kamil Uney, Duygu Durna Corum, Devran Coskun, Fatma Akin, Halis Oguz, Muammer Elmas","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this investigation was to ascertain the impact of gender on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in sheep. The research was carried out on six female and six male Romanov sheep. Meloxicam was administered intravenously to sheep at a dose of 1 mg/kg. To determine the change in meloxicam concentration with time, blood samples were collected at 17 different time points up to 120 h after administration. Meloxicam concentrations in plasma samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in sheep was found to differ according to gender. The values of total clearance (Cl_T), volume of distribution at steady state (V_dss), and elimination half-life (t_1/2λz) of meloxicam in female sheep were 4.51 ± 0.56 mL/h/kg, 69.18 ± 6.68 mL/kg, and 11.96 ± 0.33 h, respectively. Compared to female sheep, Cl_T and V_dss were increased, and t_1/2λz was decreased in male sheep. Plasma concentration and area under the curve of meloxicam were higher in female sheep. The findings of this study indicate that meloxicam's pharmacokinetics are not uniform across genders in Romanov sheep, with notable variations in plasma concentration, clearance, and half-life. These variations emphasize the importance of considering gender in the pharmacotherapy of sheep, potentially guiding clinicians in adjusting dosages for optimal therapeutic outcomes and maintaining food safety standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for a Complete Reporting of Statistical Methods in Veterinary Pharmacology","authors":"Nicolas F. Villarino","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reproducibility and replicability of study results are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge. However, achieving these goals is often challenging, which can compromise the credibility of research and incur immeasurable costs for the progression of science. Despite efforts to standardize reporting with guidelines, the description of statistical methodology in manuscripts often remains insufficient, limiting the possibility of replicating scientific studies. A thorough, transparent, and complete report of statistical methods is essential for understanding study results and mimicking statistical strategies implemented in previous studies. This review outlines the key statistical reporting elements required to replicate statistical methods in most current veterinary pharmacology studies. It also offers a protocol for statistical reporting to aid in manuscript preparation and to assist trialists and editors in the collective strive for advancing veterinary pharmacology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 4","pages":"221-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Evaluation of Lateral Flow Tests for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues on Poultry Feathers","authors":"Sophie Hedges,&nbsp;Sophie Mompelat,&nbsp;Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel,&nbsp;Damer P. Blake,&nbsp;Guillaume Fournié,&nbsp;Ludovic Pelligand","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Persistence of antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) administered to poultry is longer in feathers than in edible tissues. Hence, poultry feathers are a suitable matrix to investigate historical exposure contributing to antimicrobial resistance, since current detection methods are either non-specific or highly technical and costly. Here we present an analysis of the performance of lateral flow test (LFT) panels in the detection of five AMD classes, namely sulfonamides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides, on chicken feather samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of eight AMD substances was determined between 4.7 μg/kg for enrofloxacin and 700 μg/kg for streptomycin. The performance of feather LFT was evaluated for four AMD classes against the reference method (LC–MS/MS). From 79 samples collected from the field, LFT test specificity ranged from 0.63 (quinolones) to 0.95 (tetracyclines). Test sensitivity ranged from 0.15 (beta-lactams) to 0.78 (quinolones and tetracyclines). LFT testing had the greatest discriminatory power for tetracyclines (specificity 0.95 and sensitivity 0.78). LFT had similar test characteristics for sulfonamides and quinolones and performed poorly for beta-lactams. Poor recovery rates (&lt; 15%) were observed in neomycin, kanamycin, and ampicillin. These methods are suitable for preliminarily screening tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones, with recommendations for further extraction protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 5","pages":"405-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin in the Cat","authors":"Ilse R. Dubbelboer,&nbsp;Lena Olsén,&nbsp;Lena Pelander,&nbsp;Marlene Z. Lacroix,&nbsp;Lucie Claustre,&nbsp;Beatrice Roques,&nbsp;Carl Ekstrand","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of amoxicillin in cats has not been thoroughly investigated. In a single-group sequential designed experimental study, amoxicillin was administered to six healthy cats intravenously, orally, and subcutaneously. Repeated blood samples were drawn after each administration, and amoxicillin concentrations were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Plasma amoxicillin data were subjected to population pharmacokinetic analysis, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. The population clearance was 0.18 L/h∙kg, the volume of the central compartment was 0.12 L/kg, the highly perfused compartment was 0.009 L/kg, and the poorly perfused compartment was 0.002 L/kg. The bioavailability was 33% and 69% after oral and subcutaneous administration, respectively. After subcutaneous administration of a slow-release formulation, there was absorption rate-limited pharmacokinetics. The plasma protein binding was 0%–24%. The results increase the understanding of the amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in cats. Further studies combining the results with pharmacodynamic data and <i>in silico</i> simulations are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 5","pages":"380-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fipronil Tissue Residues and Withdrawal Period Feasibility in Laying Hens After Extra-Label Use","authors":"Lucila Canton,&nbsp;Andrea Berkovic,&nbsp;Laura Ceballos,&nbsp;Candela Canton,&nbsp;Carlos Lanusse,&nbsp;Luis Alvarez,&nbsp;Laura Moreno","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fipronil, a broad-spectrum insecticide, is often used off-label in laying hens to control red mites. This study investigated fipronil residue levels in hen tissues after simulating common extra-label administrations: in-feed (1 mg kg⁻¹ twice) and transdermal (1 mg kg⁻¹ once). Fipronil residues were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Both administrations resulted in quantifiable residues in edible tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, skin, fat) and feathers for up to 60 days. Fipronil-sulfone, the primary metabolite, was the dominant residue in tissues. Fat accumulated the highest concentrations. In-feed administration led to higher overall residues in edible tissues, while transdermal application resulted in higher concentrations in feathers. Calculated withdrawal periods, based on established MRLs, ranged from 36 days (muscle, transdermal) to 131 days (fat, transdermal). These long withdrawal periods render both administration routes impractical for poultry production. The study highlights the risk of fipronil residues in poultry products and suggests feather/fecal sampling for monitoring illicit use.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 5","pages":"417-425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}