Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors: Will these drugs benefit non-diabetic veterinary patients with cardiac and kidney diseases?","authors":"Jonathan Elliott,&nbsp;Mark A. Oyama","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13472","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium glucose transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been introduced into human medicine where their beneficial effects go beyond the expected improvement in blood glucose control. These drugs appear to prevent progression of both cardiovascular and kidney diseases, not only in diabetic but also in non-diabetic human patients. As these drugs have received conditional approval for use in diabetic cats and are being used in other veterinary species, the intriguing question as to whether they will have similar cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects in dogs and cats is being asked. The primary mechanism(s) by which SGLT2 inhibitors are cardio- and nephroprotective remain to be fully characterized. This paper reviews these suggested mechanisms in the context of the pathophysiology of progressive cardiovascular and kidney diseases in dogs and cats with the goal of predicting which categories of non-diabetic veterinary patients these drugs might be of most benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 S1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141600313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor use in the management of insulin dysregulation in ponies and horses","authors":"Nicola J. Menzies-Gow,&nbsp;Edward J. Knowles","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laminitis is a common and painful condition of the equine foot and approximately 90% of cases are associated with insulin dysregulation (ID) that is a central feature of the common endocrine disorder equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and occurs in a subset of animals with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Additional features of EMS include obesity, altered circulating concentrations of adipokines (particularly adiponectin and leptin) and hypertriglyceridaemia. Obesity, ID, hypoadiponectinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and an altered plasma lipid profile are also features of human metabolic syndrome (HMS) alongside hyperglycaemia. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel class of oral hypoglycaemic agents used in combination with lifestyle changes in the management of HMS. SGLT2 receptors are responsible for 90% of the renal glucose reabsorption that occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule. Thus, these drugs increase urinary glucose excretion by suppressing glucose reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate resulting in urinary calorie loss with consequent weight loss and improvements in ID, hyperglycemia, hypoadiponectinaemia and hyperleptinaemia. There are no licenced veterinary drugs available for treating ID and preventing insulin-associated laminitis in horses. Thus, the use of SGLT2i for the control of equine hyperinsulinaemia with the goal of improving recovery from associated active laminitis or preventing future laminitis has recently been advocated. There are a small number of published studies reporting the use of the SGLT2i canagliflozin, ertugliflozin and velagliflozin to aid the management of equine ID. However, the doses used are largely extrapolated from human studies with limited consideration of species-specific variations. In addition, there is limited evaluation of the fundamental differences between ID in horses and humans, particularly the fact that most horses with ID remain hyperinsulinaemic but normoglycaemic such that increased urinary loss of glucose may not explain the beneficial effects of these drugs. Further study of the potential deleterious effects of treatment-associated hypertriglyceridaemia is required together with the effect of SGLT2i therapy on circulating concentrations of adipokines in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 S1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doxycycline pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion in striped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) after oral administration.","authors":"Pham Quang Vinh, Nguyen Quoc Thinh, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels, Dang Thi Hoang Oanh, Anders Dalsgaard, Masashi Maita, Tran Minh Phu","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pharmacokinetics and residue depletion of doxycycline (DOX) in striped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) after oral dosage were investigated. The pharmacokinetic experiment was conducted in an aquarium, while the experiment of residue depletion was performed in both an aquarium and earth ponds. Medicated feed was administered orally using the gavage method at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight. Blood, liver, and kidney from medicated fish samples were collected. In the depletion experiments, fish were fed medicated feed for five consecutive days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight, with samples collected during and after medication. The concentrations of DOX were quantified using an LC-MS/MS system. The pharmacokinetics parameters of DOX in striped catfish included the absorption rate constant (k_a), absorption half-life (T_1/2abs), maximal plasma concentration (C_max), time to maximal plasma concentration (T_max), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 96 h (AUC_{0-96 h}) which were 0.12 h^-1, 5.68 h, 1123.45 ng/mL, 8.19 h, and 25,018 ng/mL/h, respectively. Residue depletion results indicated that the withdrawal times of DOX in muscle (with skin) from fish kept in the aquarium were slightly longer than that in fish raised in earth ponds, corresponding to 194 degree-days compared with 150 degree-days. In conclusion, administration of DOX at the dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight can be used for treatment of bacterial infections in striped catfish, and a withdrawal time of 5 days at 29.4°C will ensure consumer food safety due to the rapid depletion of DOX from muscle and skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitor use in the management of feline diabetes mellitus","authors":"Audrey K. Cook,&nbsp;Ellen Behrend","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are routinely used in the management of human type 2 diabetes and have been shown to effectively mitigate hyperglycemia and reduce the risks of cardiovascular and renal compromise. Two SGLT2 inhibitors, namely bexagliflozin and velagliflozin, were recently FDA approved for the treatment of uncomplicated feline diabetes mellitus. These oral hypoglycemic agents are a suitable option for many newly diagnosed cats, with rapid improvements in glycemic control and clinical signs. Suitable candidates must have some residual β-cell function, as some endogenous insulin production is required to prevent ketosis. Appropriate patient selection and monitoring are necessary, and practitioners should be aware of serious complications such as euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 S1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phenomenon of predatory journals and awareness among researchers in veterinary medicine: Correspondence","authors":"Hineptch Daungsupawong,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13468","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 5","pages":"444-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine administered intravenously and subcutaneously in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)","authors":"Jessica D. Garcia,&nbsp;Joe S. Smith,&nbsp;David Minich,&nbsp;Makenna Hopson,&nbsp;Rebecca Rahn,&nbsp;Chiara Hampton,&nbsp;Meggan Graves,&nbsp;Geneviève Bussières,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Mulon,&nbsp;Lisa S. Ebner,&nbsp;Sherry Cox","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenously (IV) and subcutaneously (SC) administered nalbuphine in domestic goats. Nalbuphine hydrochloride was administered at 0.8 mg/kg for both IV and SC routes in six goats with a minimum of 10-day washout period between sample collection phases. Eighteen plasma samples were collected over a 36-hour period, analyzed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma data were analyzed using compartmental and noncompartmental approaches. Following IV nalbuphine administration, elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0 − ∞), concentration at time zero (<i>C</i>₀), and total body clearance were 120.4 ± 39.1 (min⁻¹ ± SD), 17311.01 ± 7227.32 (min·ng·mL⁻¹ ± SD), 675.6 ± 337.13 (ng·mL⁻¹ ± SD), and 44.5 ± 13.8 (mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹ ± SD), respectively. After SC nalbuphine administration, elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0 − ∞), and maximum plasma drug concentration were 129 ± 52.9 (min⁻¹ ± SD), 20826.5 ± 14376.2 (min·ng·mL⁻¹), and 368.03 ± 503.78 (ng·mL⁻¹). Calculated bioavailability for the SC route was 138 ± 126 (% ± SD). Nalbuphine in goats is characterized by rapid elimination and high subcutaneous bioavailability and may be a safe analgesic opioid option in goats in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 6","pages":"478-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oclacitinib (APOQUEL®) is a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor with efficacy in a canine model of flea allergic dermatitis","authors":"Andrea J. Gonzales,&nbsp;Michelle Aleo,&nbsp;Sean Mahabir,&nbsp;James Messamore,&nbsp;Michael Stegemann","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13462","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oclacitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that potently inhibits JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy, inflammation, and pruritus (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-31). Oclacitinib (Apoquel®, Zoetis Inc, Parsippany, NJ) is approved for the treatment/control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and treatment/control of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age. To evaluate the effectiveness of oclacitinib in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis, the JAK1 selective inhibitor was tested in a placebo-controlled, masked, single-dose (0.4 mg/kg) or repeat-dose (0.4 mg/kg, twice daily for 2 weeks) study. Pruritic behaviors were quantitated by video recording, and erythema and skin lesions were assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Results showed that oclacitinib reduced pruritus by 61% as early as 1.5 h after a single oral dose compared to placebo, with an average reduction (compared to placebo) of 85% 1–5 h after dosing (0.4 mg/kg; <i>p</i> &lt; .0001). Oclacitinib also significantly reduced erythema (<i>p</i> &lt; .0001) and skin lesion (<i>p</i> &lt; .0005) VAS scores on Day 14 compared to placebo in a repeat dose study. No adverse events were noted during the conduct of these studies. IL-31 concentrations were elevated in the majority of dogs after flea infestation, suggesting JAK1-dependent cytokines may drive clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis. These findings show that oclacitinib, an inhibitor of JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation can rapidly reduce clinical signs associated with flea allergic dermatitis in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 6","pages":"447-453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it time to stop teaching pharmacology and focus on treatment planning instead?","authors":"Martin Hawes,&nbsp;Virginia Fajt,&nbsp;Arno Werners","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13467","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 5","pages":"442-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for extending the chloramphenicol dosing interval for canine urinary tract infections","authors":"Kate S. KuKanich,&nbsp;Elayna E. Anderson,&nbsp;Astrid D. Carcamo Tzic,&nbsp;Butch KuKanich","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Canine urinary excretion of chloramphenicol was evaluated to optimize a dosing protocol for treating urinary tract infections. Seven healthy male intact purpose-bred Beagles and six healthy client-owned dogs of various breeds each received a single oral 50 mg/kg dose of chloramphenicol. Urine was collected at baseline, and 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol urine concentrations were measured and compared to the epidemiological cutoff value for <i>E. coli</i> (16 mcg/mL). At 8 h, mean chloramphenicol concentration from all dogs was 266.9 mcg/mL (90% CI 136.2–397.7 mcg/mL) but was lower in Beagles than client-owned dogs. At 12 h, mean chloramphenicol concentration from all dogs was 111.0 mcg/mL (90% CI 36.9–185.0 mcg/mL) and was lower in Beagles (10.6 mcg/mL, 90% CI 1.4–19.8 mcg/mL) than client-owned dogs (228.0 mcg/mL, 90% CI 103.0–353.1 mcg/mL). Urine half-life was similar for all dogs (1.8–3.8 h). This justifies dosing chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg PO q 8 h. All client-owned dogs additionally maintained concentrations well above 16 mcg/mL, for 12 h, suggesting that q 12-h dosing might be appropriate for non-Beagle dogs with susceptible lower urinary tract infections. A clinical trial in dogs with urinary tract infections is needed as well as further investigation into potential breed differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 6","pages":"454-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of an injectable toltrazuril–gleptoferron and an oral toltrazuril + injectable gleptoferron in piglets: Hematinic activities and pharmacokinetics","authors":"Hamadi Karembe,&nbsp;Anne Geneteau,&nbsp;Sandrine Lacoste,&nbsp;Nathalie Varinot,&nbsp;Reynald Magnier,&nbsp;Evelyne Coussanes,&nbsp;Santiago Lopez,&nbsp;Daniel Sperling,&nbsp;Mathieu Peyrou","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13464","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13464","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and cystoisosporosis are the most common clinical conditions of fast-growing piglets. Until now, IDA and cystoisosporosis have been managed by intramuscular injection of iron complexes (such as dextran or gleptoferron) and oral administration of toltrazuril. Recently, a new combination product containing toltrazuril and gleptoferron for intramuscular application (Forceris®) has been registered. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of toltrazuril and its main metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone, following a single oral (Baycox®) or intramuscular (Forceris®, a toltrazuril-iron combination product) administration at 20 mg/kg to young suckling piglets. The orally treated piglets were also supplemented with iron (Gleptosil®), and the hematinic activities were compared. Piglets in both groups received comparable doses. The peak concentration (C_max) of toltrazuril after intramuscular administration was 11% lower than that after oral administration (<i>p</i> = .376). However, the exposure to toltrazuril (AUC) was significantly increased (40% higher) when toltrazuril was administered intramuscularly (<i>p</i> = .036). The C_max and AUC values of the active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone were 39% and 34% higher, respectively, after intramuscular administration (<i>p</i> = .007 and 0.008, respectively). Piglets in both groups were properly protected against IDA. In conclusion, a higher relative bioavailability of toltrazuril is observed when toltrazuril is administered intramuscularly.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 6","pages":"492-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.13464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}