Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Disposition kinetics and tissue residues of tilmicosin following intravenous, subcutaneous, single and multiple oral dosing in geese (Anser anser domesticus)","authors":"Krzysztof Bourdo,&nbsp;Charbel Fadel,&nbsp;Mario Giorgi,&nbsp;Andrejs Šitovs,&nbsp;Amnart Poapolathep,&nbsp;Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13461","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13461","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tilmicosin (TMC), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, is widely used in veterinary medicine due to its broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic properties. Frequently administered in various birds species, it is likely used off-label in geese as well. The study sought to investigate TMC's pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, in geese through in vivo experiments. The study involved longitudinal open studies on 15 healthy adult males, with three phases separated by one-month washout periods. Geese were administered TMC through intravenous (IV, 5 mg/kg), subcutaneous (SC, 10 mg/kg), and oral (PO, 25 mg/kg for five consecutive days) routes, with blood samples drawn at specific intervals. Tissue samples were also collected for subsequent analysis at pre-assigned times. TMC in goose plasma was quantified by a fully validated HPLC method. Plasma concentrations were quantified up to 4 hr for the PO and IV routes, and up to 10 hr in the SC route. Significant variations in bioavailability were observed between SC (87%) and PO (4%) routes. The body extraction ratio was low at 0.03, suggesting minimal ability of the liver and kidneys to eliminate TMC. Multiple oral doses showed no plasma accumulation, but tissue data revealed extensive distribution and prolonged residence, up to 120 h, suggesting a sustained therapeutic effect despite the brief plasma half-life. Regarding the multiple PO doses, provisional withdrawal times of 6, 7.5, and 8 days were suggested for the liver, muscles, and kidneys, respectively, according to the MRL set for these matrices in chickens by EMA. In conclusion, while the practical oral administration is discouraged at the population level, SC administration of TMC may be appropriate for geese, albeit impractical for flock therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in chickens","authors":"Albena Roydeva,&nbsp;Gabriela Beleva,&nbsp;Daniel Gadzhakov,&nbsp;Aneliya Milanova","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <i>N</i>-acetyl-<span>l</span>-cysteine (NAC) has been suggested as an antioxidant that can alleviate the negative effects of stress conditions in broilers. However, knowledge of its pharmacokinetics (PK) in this avian species is very limited. Therefore, the study aimed to shed more light on the PK properties of NAC in chickens. Broilers were subjected to single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) treatment or multiple NAC administrations via the feed. Drug concentrations were determined by LC–MS/MS, and the data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis and modeled by non-linear mixed effect approach. NAC was eliminated in a short time after i.v. treatment, with a <i>t</i>\u0000 _1/2el of 0.93 (0.59–2.09) h. It showed limited distribution with population mean of volumes of distribution in the central and peripheral compartments <i>V</i>\u0000 ₁ of 0.148 L/kg and <i>V</i>\u0000 ₂ of 0.199 L/kg, respectively, and <i>V</i>\u0000 _darea of 0.39 (0.258–0.635) L/kg. The value of MRT was 1.76 h (range of 0.96–2.69, <i>p</i> &lt; .05) after single p.o. treatment, indicating a twofold increase if compared to i.v. administration (0.87 h, 0.55–1.78). Both methods of Pk analysis revealed very limited bioavailability, &lt;10%. Feeding behavior led to a later achievement of lower maximum plasma concentrations (5.74, range of 3.44–9.32 μg/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; .05), which were maintained during the 5 days of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of famotidine in goats after intravenous administration","authors":"Olivia G. Escher,&nbsp;Joe S. Smith,&nbsp;Kamryn Christopher,&nbsp;Bryan Hogan,&nbsp;Lainey E. Harvill,&nbsp;Makenna Hopson,&nbsp;Sherry Cox","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13449","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is currently limited pharmacokinetic data for the use of famotidine in goats for treatment and prevention of abomasal ulceration. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after a single intravenous administration of famotidine (0.6 mg/kg). Famotidine was administered to six healthy goats and plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period. The famotidine concentration was measured using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Non-compartmental analysis was then used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The maximum plasma concentration was estimated at 5476.68 ± 1530.51 ng/mL and elimination half-life was estimated at 18.455 ± 13.26 min. The mean residence time was determined to be 19.85 ± 12.14 min with the apparent volume of distribution being estimated at 321.924 ± 221.667. The area under the curve was determined to be 54230.08 ± 24947.6 min*ng/mL. Total exposure and elimination half-life were less than what has been reported in cattle and horses. Future research evaluating the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous administration and looking at the pharmacodynamics of famotidine in goats is needed to determine the effectiveness of famotidine on raising pH levels of the abomasum.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of oral clonazepam in growing commercial pigs (Sus scrofa domestica)","authors":"Chiara E. Hampton,&nbsp;Stephanie A. Kleine,&nbsp;Joe S. Smith,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Mulon,&nbsp;Christopher K. Smith,&nbsp;Gregory A. Shanks,&nbsp;Lucille Ruth Vanecek,&nbsp;Reza Seddighi,&nbsp;Sherry Cox","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13451","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clonazepam causes sedation and psychomotor impairment in people. Due to similarities between people and swine in response to benzodiazepines, clonazepam may represent a viable option to produce mild-to-moderate tranquillization in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg) of clonazepam in eight healthy, growing commercial cross pigs. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline and up to 96 h after administration. Plasma concentrations were quantified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and compartment models were fit to time–concentration data. A one-compartment first-order model best fits the data. Maximum plasma concentration was 99.5 ng/mL, and time to maximum concentration was 3.4 h. Elimination half-life was 7.3 h, mean residence time 7.4 h, and apparent volume of distribution 5.7 L/kg. Achieved plasma concentrations exceeded those associated with psychomotor impairment in people although pharmacodynamic effects have not been investigated in pigs. A simulated oral regimen consisting of 0.35 mg/kg administered every 8 h to pigs would achieve plasma concentrations above 32 ng/mL which are shown to produce psychomotor impairment in people. Further studies to test the clinical efficacy of these dosages in commercial and miniature pigs are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intramuscular administration to exercised thoroughbred horses","authors":"Heather K. Knych,&nbsp;Daniel Weiner,&nbsp;Daniel S. McKemie,&nbsp;Megan Traynham,&nbsp;Jeff Blea","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13450","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13450","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Butorphanol is commonly administered, both by the intravenous and intramuscular routes, to racehorses to facilitate handling for diagnostic procedures. As the administration of butorphanol for therapeutic purposes is considered appropriate, in order to avoid inadvertent positive drug tests, a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of this drug is necessary. In the current study, 12, exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered a single intramuscular dose of 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol, and serum and urine samples were collected at various times post drug administration for determination of butorphanol concentrations using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Serum data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed effect population PK model. The maximum concentration (<i>C</i>\u0000 _max) and time to maximum concentration (<i>T</i>\u0000 _max) were 139.9 ± 72.8 ng/mL and 0.43 ± 0.44 h (mean ± SD), respectively. Although likely not clinically relevant, but important for drug testing purposes, a prolonged terminal phase was observed, yielding a terminal half-life of 7.67 ± 1.86 h. Using the blood screening limits proposed by the Horseracing Integrity and Welfare Unit, the detection time for intramuscular administration of butorphanol was estimated to be 96 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.13450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextroketamine alone or combined with midazolam in Caiman crocodilus","authors":"Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano,&nbsp;Adrielly Lorena Rodrigues de Oliveira,&nbsp;Rafael Ferraz de Barros,&nbsp;Danillo Fabrini Maciel Costa Veloso,&nbsp;Eliana Martins Lima,&nbsp;André Luiz Quagliatto Santos,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Duque Moreno","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pharmacokinetics studies of anesthetic agents are important for understanding of the pharmacology and metabolism of anesthetic agents in reptilians. This study was designed to examine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of intravenous dextroketamine alone or combined with midazolam in <i>Caiman crocodilus</i>. Eight caimans were anesthetized with dextroketamine (10 mg/kg; group D) or dextroketamine and midazolam (10 and 0.5 mg/kg respectively; group DM) into the occipital venous sinus. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by HPLC using a non-compartmental modeling. Serial blood samples were collected at baseline and within 15 and 30 min, and 11.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h of drug administration. Sedation status over time differed between groups. All animals in group D (8/8; 100%) showed signs of light sedation at t10. Half (4/8; 50%) of these caimans did not progress to deeper levels of sedation. In spite of light sedation at t10, animals in group DM were deeply sedated within 13.13 ± 7.04 min of anesthetic agent injection. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC_0–48) and half-life of dextroketamine changed significantly after combination with midazolam. Even without significant changes in clearance, the almost two-fold increase in the half-life of dextroketamine suggests a slower rate of elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review of the phenomenon of predatory journals to create awareness among researchers in veterinary medicine","authors":"Charbel Fadel,&nbsp;Aneliya Milanova,&nbsp;Jelena Suran,&nbsp;Andrejs Sitovs,&nbsp;Tae Won Kim,&nbsp;Abubakar Bello,&nbsp;Solomon Mequanente Abay,&nbsp;Stefanie Horst,&nbsp;Rositsa Mileva,&nbsp;Michela Amadori,&nbsp;Ena Oster,&nbsp;Giovanni Re,&nbsp;Arifah Abdul Kadir,&nbsp;Graziana Gambino,&nbsp;Cristina Vercelli","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of <i>predatory</i> journals has increased significantly. Predatory journals exploit the “open-access model” by engaging in deceptive practices such as charging high publication fees without providing the expected quality and performing insufficient or no peer review. Such behaviors undermine the integrity of scientific research and can result in researchers having trouble identifying reputable publication opportunities, particularly early-career researchers who struggle to understand and establish the correct criteria for publication in reputable journals. Publishing in journals that do not fully cover the criteria for scientific publication is also an ethical issue. This review aimed to describe the characteristics of predatory journals, differentiate between reliable and predatory journals, investigate the reasons that lead researchers to publish in predatory journals, evaluate the negative impact of predatory publications on the scientific community, and explore future perspectives. The authors also provide some considerations for researchers (particularly early-career researchers) when selecting journals for publication, explaining the role of metrics, databases, and artificial intelligence in manuscript preparation, with a specific focus on and relevance to publication in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma, urine and feces after a single intragastric administration in donkey (Equus asinus)","authors":"Bowen Yang,&nbsp;Shijie Liu,&nbsp;Yanxin Guo,&nbsp;Honglei Qu,&nbsp;Yulong Feng,&nbsp;Yantao Wang,&nbsp;Boying Dong,&nbsp;Yanjie Dong,&nbsp;Shancang Zhao,&nbsp;Shimeng Huang,&nbsp;Lihong Zhao,&nbsp;Jianyun Zhang,&nbsp;Cheng Ji,&nbsp;Qiugang Ma","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13446","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tilmicosin, a macrolide antibiotic, has the potential to treat bacterial infections in donkeys. However, the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in donkeys have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in donkey plasma, urine, and feces after a single intragastric administration to determine the suitability of tilmicosin for donkeys. A total of 5 healthy male donkeys with similar body weights were selected. The donkeys were administered a single dose of 10 mg · kg⁻¹ body weight (BW) tilmicosin by gavage. The concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma, urine, and feces were determined. The results showed that after a single intragastric administration of 10 mg · kg⁻¹ body weight, tilmicosin in donkey plasma reached a maximum concentration of 11.23 ± 5.37 mg · L⁻¹ at 0.80 ± 0.10 h, with a half-life of 14.49 ± 7.13 h, a mean residence time of 28.05 ± 3.05 h, a Cl/F of 0.48 ± 0.18 L · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, and a Vd/F of 9.28 ± 2.63 Lkg⁻¹. The percentage of tilmicosin excreted through the urine of donkeys is 2.47%, and the percentage excreted through the feces is 66.43%. Our study provides data to inform the use of tilmicosin in donkeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of long-acting cephapirin and cloxacillin after intramammary administration in dairy goats","authors":"Michelle P. Buckley,&nbsp;Kristen P. Hayman,&nbsp;Laura Burns,&nbsp;Dwayne Schrunk,&nbsp;Patrick J. Gorden","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining the pharmacokinetics of intramammary antimicrobials in goats can assist in predicting appropriate meat and milk withdrawal intervals for drugs that are effective at treating subclinical mastitis due to non-aureus <i>Staphylococci</i> during the dry period. Twenty-four healthy, lactating does were enrolled in this study. Half were administered 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine (ToMORROW, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Duluth, GA) via intramammary infusion into each half of the udder. The remaining does had 500 mg cloxacillin benzathine (Orbenin DC, Merck &amp; Co., Rahway, NJ) administered per half. Plasma was collected before treatment and for 7 days post-treatment followed by analysis via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental methods via commercial software (MonolixSuite). The mean maximum concentration (<i>C</i>\u0000 _max) of cephapirin of 0.073 μg/mL was noted at 7.06 h post-administration (<i>T</i>\u0000 _max). The area under the plasma concentration curve based on the final sampling point (AUC_last) was 1.06 h × μg/mL. The mean residence time until the final sampling point (MRT_last) was 13.55 h. Mean terminal half-life (<i>T</i>\u0000 _½) of cephapirin was 6.98 h. In CLOX does, <i>C</i>\u0000 _max was 0.074 μg/mL with a <i>T</i>\u0000 _max of 18 h, AUC_last was 5.71 h × μg/mL, <i>T</i>\u0000 _½ was 77.45 h, and MRT_last was 65.36 h. Despite both products being formulated with benzathine salts, marked differences were noted in pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC, <i>T</i>\u0000 _1/2, and MRT_last. This data will be used to plan sampling schedules for milk and tissue residue depletion studies for both products.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.13445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral cinacalcet administration decreases serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy dogs","authors":"Hannah E. Clark,&nbsp;Lauren A. Trepanier,&nbsp;Michael W. Wood","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cinacalcet is an oral calcimimetic that has potential to non-invasively treat primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs (<i>Canis lupis familiaris</i>). There is minimal data assessing its efficacy in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether a single dose of cinacalcet decreases serum ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Twelve dogs received a median dose of 0.49 mg/kg (range 0.30–0.69 mg/kg) cinacalcet per os. Venous blood samples were collected at time 0 (before cinacalcet administration), 3, 8, and 24 h following cinacalcet administration. PTH, iCa, and tCa concentrations were measured at each time point and compared to 0 hour concentrations. A significant (50%) decrease in serum PTH occurred at 3 h with a median PTH of 4.6 pmol/L (range 2.7–10.8) at baseline and 1.65 pmol/L (range 0.5–14.7) at 3 h; <i>p</i> = .005. A significant, but not clinically relevant, decrease in serum iCa from a median baseline of 1.340 mmol/L (range 1.32–1.41) to a 3 h median of 1.325 mmol/L (range 1.26–1.39), <i>p</i> = .043, was also observed. tCa concentrations were not different. This study showed that a single dose of cinacalcet leads to transient decreases in iCa and PTH concentrations in healthy dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.13443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}