Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献_第2页

Fipronil Tissue Residues and Withdrawal Period Feasibility in Laying Hens After Extra-Label Use. 超标签使用后氟虫腈在蛋鸡体内的组织残留及停药期可行性。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70002

Lucila Canton, Andrea Berkovic, Laura Ceballos, Candela Canton, Carlos Lanusse, Luis Alvarez, Laura Moreno

{"title":"Fipronil Tissue Residues and Withdrawal Period Feasibility in Laying Hens After Extra-Label Use.","authors":"Lucila Canton, Andrea Berkovic, Laura Ceballos, Candela Canton, Carlos Lanusse, Luis Alvarez, Laura Moreno","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"Fipronil, a broad-spectrum insecticide, is often used off-label in laying hens to control red mites. This study investigated fipronil residue levels in hen tissues after simulating common extra-label administrations: in-feed (1 mg kg-1 twice) and transdermal (1 mg kg-1 once). Fipronil residues were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Both administrations resulted in quantifiable residues in edible tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, skin, fat) and feathers for up to 60 days. Fipronil-sulfone, the primary metabolite, was the dominant residue in tissues. Fat accumulated the highest concentrations. In-feed administration led to higher overall residues in edible tissues, while transdermal application resulted in higher concentrations in feathers. Calculated withdrawal periods, based on established MRLs, ranged from 36 days (muscle, transdermal) to 131 days (fat, transdermal). These long withdrawal periods render both administration routes impractical for poultry production. The study highlights the risk of fipronil residues in poultry products and suggests feather/fecal sampling for monitoring illicit use.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics of Chloramphenicol and Chloramphenicol Glucuronide in Horses Following Administration Per Rectum or via Nasogastric Intubation. 氯霉素和氯霉素葡萄糖醛酸盐经直肠或经鼻胃插管给药后在马体内的药代动力学。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13520

B Sayler, A J Manship, J Davis, J Taylor, L Gilliam

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Chloramphenicol and Chloramphenicol Glucuronide in Horses Following Administration Per Rectum or via Nasogastric Intubation.","authors":"B Sayler, A J Manship, J Davis, J Taylor, L Gilliam","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13520","url":null,"abstract":"Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in equine practice. It is known to produce adverse effects of hyporexia/anorexia after oral administration. Administration per rectum (PR) could mitigate the appetite suppression seen with oral administration and allow its use in horses unable to receive oral medications. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative bioavailability of chloramphenicol administered PR or via nasogastric tube (NGT) and determine relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and metabolic ratios. Ten healthy, adult horses were administered chloramphenicol tablets (50 mg/kg) PR or via NGT in a randomized crossover design with a washout period. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times over 24 h, and plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol and its inactive metabolite chloramphenicol glucuronide were analyzed using a validated UPLC-MS/MS assay. Chloramphenicol tablets dissolved in water were rapidly metabolized to chloramphenicol glucuronide following both routes. Maximum concentrations for PR and NGT administration were (Cmax; μg/mL) 0.119 ± 0.135 and 11.7 ± 5.8, respectively. Administration PR resulted in a relative bioavailability of 0.56% ± 0.86%. The metabolic ratio of chloramphenicol glucuronide to chloramphenicol was 20.2 ± 6.19 for PR and 5 ± 1.88 for NGT. Administration of chloramphenicol PR does not reach therapeutic concentrations nor prevent significant metabolism of chloramphenicol. After administration by NGT, plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol exceeded 2 μg/mL for 3.93 ± 0.44 h.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Routine Doses of Enrofloxacin Achieve Pharmacodynamic Target Likely to Treat Susceptible and Susceptible Dose-Dependent Bacterial Infections in Critically Ill Dogs. 常规剂量恩诺沙星可达到治疗危重犬易感及易感剂量依赖性细菌感染的药效学目标

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13519

Robert Goggs, Sarah Robbins, Julie Menard, Jamie Selman, Jeff Beverly, Sydney Kraus-Mallet, Mark G Papich

{"title":"Routine Doses of Enrofloxacin Achieve Pharmacodynamic Target Likely to Treat Susceptible and Susceptible Dose-Dependent Bacterial Infections in Critically Ill Dogs.","authors":"Robert Goggs, Sarah Robbins, Julie Menard, Jamie Selman, Jeff Beverly, Sydney Kraus-Mallet, Mark G Papich","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13519","url":null,"abstract":"The fluoroquinolones, particularly enrofloxacin, are frequently used to treat life-threatening bacterial infections in small animal emergency and critical care practice. Achieving therapeutic plasma concentrations is essential for effective treatment, whereas inadequate concentrations select for resistance among Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We conducted a prospective observational study in 19 critically ill dogs to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after administration of a standardized dosage (10 mg/kg IV q24 h). Plasma concentrations were measured at multiple time points using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and PK modeling was performed to determine best-fit compartmental models. A 2-compartment model best described enrofloxacin PK. There was considerable between-dog variation in PK parameters, likely due to known challenges of drug dosing in critical illness. The percentage conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was lower than has previously been reported in healthy dogs. Pharmacodynamic analyses suggest that enrofloxacin administered at 10 mg/kg IV q24 h to critically ill dogs will likely result in effective treatment of infections by susceptible and susceptible dose-dependent bacteria, and achieved concentrations may be sufficient to reduce the risk of AMR development.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Penicillin and Gentamicin Concentrations in the Uterine Fluid of Non-Pregnant Mares Following a Single Intrauterine Infusion. 单次宫内输注后未怀孕母马子宫液中青霉素和庆大霉素的浓度。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13518

C Scott Bailey, Theresa M Beachler, Jonathan P Mochel, Larry W Wulf, Michael Yaeger, Debosmita Kundu, Kate Withowski, Mark G Papich

{"title":"Penicillin and Gentamicin Concentrations in the Uterine Fluid of Non-Pregnant Mares Following a Single Intrauterine Infusion.","authors":"C Scott Bailey, Theresa M Beachler, Jonathan P Mochel, Larry W Wulf, Michael Yaeger, Debosmita Kundu, Kate Withowski, Mark G Papich","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13518","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their widespread clinical use, there is limited pharmacokinetic data for many equine intrauterine antimicrobials. This study aimed to measure the concentration of gentamicin and penicillin in the uterine fluid of mares following infusion of either a standard (PPGent) or long-acting (LA-PPGent) compounded formulation. We hypothesized that both formulations would result in therapeutic concentrations, with total concentrations sustained for longer using the long-acting formulation. Mares were administered 2400 mg of procaine penicillin and 200 mg of gentamicin via a single intrauterine infusion in either a standard (n = 6) or a lyophilized formulation suspended in a slow-release matrix (n = 6). Intrauterine fluid was collected over a 72-h period and analyzed for antibiotic concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Mean maximal concentrations were seen at 0.5 h in group PPGent (Penicillin: 10,123.0 ± 4298.0 μg/mL, Gentamicin: 3397.3 ± 1338.5 μg/mL) and exceeded MIC for relevant organisms for 72 h (Penicillin: 2.59 ± 6.34 μg/mL, Gentamicin: 2.14 ± 2.4 μg/mL). Interestingly, maximal concentrations were lower in group LA-PPG (Penicillin: 2213.8 ± 967.8 μg/mL-p < 0.05, Gentamicin: 1859 ± 2413 μg/mL) and exceeded MIC for a shorter period of time than the unmodified mixture of commonly used FDA-approved antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incorporating the Competencies of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Focused on Pharmacotherapeutics Into Clinical Rotations for Small Animal Dermatology and Food Animal Medicine and Surgery at a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in the US. 在美国兽医教学医院将以药物治疗为重点的循证兽医学的能力纳入小动物皮肤病和食品动物医学和外科的临床轮转。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13516

Virginia R Fajt, Adam P Patterson, Dusty Nagy, Jennifer Schleining, Kevin Washburn

{"title":"Incorporating the Competencies of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Focused on Pharmacotherapeutics Into Clinical Rotations for Small Animal Dermatology and Food Animal Medicine and Surgery at a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in the US.","authors":"Virginia R Fajt, Adam P Patterson, Dusty Nagy, Jennifer Schleining, Kevin Washburn","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13516","url":null,"abstract":"Building the skills and knowledge necessary to practice evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) should occur throughout the veterinary curriculum. Operationalizing EBVM includes asking a clinical question in PICO format, searching the biomedical literature for evidence, critically appraising the evidence, and applying the evidence to make a clinical recommendation. At the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, we have embedded EBVM skill-reinforcing assignments into two clinical rotations, Dermatology and Food Animal Medicine and Surgery. In this paper, we describe the implementation and the evolution of assignments, including the learning objectives, workflow, and grading rubrics. We also summarize the types of PICO questions pursued by students. We conclude with the pharmacologist's and the clinicians' reflections on the value of the assignments and the approach of collaboration among specialists.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissolution Characteristics of Split and Crushed Levetiracetam Extended-Release Tablets in Comparison With Immediate-Release Formulation. 旋碎左乙拉西坦缓释片与速释制剂的溶出特性比较。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13517

Alejandra Mondino, Julie A Nettifee, Mark G Papich, Karen R Muñana

{"title":"Dissolution Characteristics of Split and Crushed Levetiracetam Extended-Release Tablets in Comparison With Immediate-Release Formulation.","authors":"Alejandra Mondino, Julie A Nettifee, Mark G Papich, Karen R Muñana","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13517","url":null,"abstract":"Levetiracetam (LEV) is a commonly used antiseizure medication in dogs, available in immediate-release (LEV-IR) and extended-release (LEV-XR) formulations. LEV-XR improves owner compliance with less frequent dosing, but its lowest concentration tablet (500 mg) often exceeds recommended doses for small dogs. This study evaluated how modifying LEV-XR tablets affects dissolution rates, comparing intact, split, and crushed LEV-XR tablets with intact LEV-IR tablets. Dissolution testing followed United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines for LEV-XR tablets. Tablets were placed in a buffer solution (pH 6.0) and agitated at 100 rpm. Samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, then analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a USP reference standard. Results indicated that splitting LEV-XR tablets slightly increased drug release compared to intact tablets, while crushing eliminated extended-release properties, mimicking LEV-IR dissolution. These findings suggest that splitting LEV-XR tablets may be a viable strategy for dosing small dogs without compromising sustained release. Conversely, crushing LEV-XR tablets may be useful for rapid drug release in cluster seizure protocols. Future pharmacokinetic studies are needed to confirm if these in vitro results correlate with in vivo performance for both maintenance and emergency seizure management in dogs.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naloxone, Naltrexone, and Nalmefene in Methadone-Sedated Working Dogs. 纳洛酮、纳曲酮和纳美芬在美沙酮镇静工作犬体内药代动力学和药效学的随机、盲法、安慰剂对照交叉研究

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13515

Travis Mills, Mary A Robinson, Ciara Barr, Darko Stefanovski, Youwen You, Rachel Proctor, Kasey Seizova, Amritha Mallikarjun, Cynthia M Otto

{"title":"A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naloxone, Naltrexone, and Nalmefene in Methadone-Sedated Working Dogs.","authors":"Travis Mills, Mary A Robinson, Ciara Barr, Darko Stefanovski, Youwen You, Rachel Proctor, Kasey Seizova, Amritha Mallikarjun, Cynthia M Otto","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13515","url":null,"abstract":"A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed with eight professional working dogs to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three opioid reversal agents. Following sedation with 1 mg kg-1 methadone HCl IV, dogs were randomly assigned to receive naloxone, naltrexone, or nalmefene at 0.1 mg kg-1 IM, or saline (0.1 mL kg-1). Sedation scores and vital signs were obtained for 6 h, and blood samples were obtained for 72 h. Across all groups and phases, the mean sedation score prior to methadone was 0.93/14, and prior to reversal/placebo was 11.45/14. Mean sedation scores 1 min post reversal/placebo were 7.6, 7.4, 8.1, and 10.6; and at 5 min were 2.2, 1.9, 1.9, and 11.8 for nalmefene, naloxone, naltrexone, and saline, respectively. Dogs with a sedation score ≥ 10/14 at 20 min after reversal/placebo were administered 0.1 mg kg-1 of naloxone IM and included all dogs that received saline. The reversal agents significantly decreased sedation scores within 5 min (p < 0.001) and reversal was maintained for the duration of the study. A previously undetected slower terminal elimination phase was observed for all analytes between 24 and 72 h; however, future studies with additional time points between 6 and 24 h are needed to generate pharmacokinetic estimates for this phase. These reversal agents may be useful for treating sedation in professional working dogs exposed to opioids prior to seeking veterinary care. Pharmacological differences between methadone and higher potency opioids (fentanyl and its derivatives) preclude interpretation of these findings to non-methadone opioids, and further studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planned Approach and Implementation of Pharmacology Teaching in the Bachelor's Veterinary Nursing Programme in Sweden. 瑞典兽医护理本科课程药理学教学的计划方法与实施。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13513

Lena Olsén, Ann-Christin Blomkvist

{"title":"Planned Approach and Implementation of Pharmacology Teaching in the Bachelor's Veterinary Nursing Programme in Sweden.","authors":"Lena Olsén, Ann-Christin Blomkvist","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13513","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinary Nurses play a key role in handling drugs and perform medication treatments, thus pharmacological knowledge is essential. The veterinary nurses' role varies widely worldwide but does not include the prescription of drugs. Nevertheless, pharmacology is a complex subject within veterinary nursing education and for the registered veterinary nurse in practice. In this article, we describe and discuss the pedagogical questions \"what, why, and how\" of teaching pharmacology to undergraduate veterinary nurses implemented in the Veterinary Nursing programme in Sweden. The program has undergone vast changes with classes increasing from 40 to 120 students during the last decade. The progression in the program is presented as intended learning objectives, the teaching and learning activities, and the assessment tasks in each course concerning pharmacology. The procedure of several student-activating pedagogical methods is presented. The use of students' evaluations to assess the education, in line with student-centered education, is described. This information can be useful for veterinary nursing program directors, course leaders, administrators, or teachers considering undertaking curricular changes.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Intramammary Ceftiofur Hydrochloride in Prevention of Udder Inflammation in Non-Lactating Dairy Heifers. 盐酸头孢替福乳内预防非哺乳期奶牛乳房炎症的药动学及疗效研究。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13512

Ranee A Miller, Geof W Smith, Jennifer L Halleran, Derek M Foster, Ronald E Baynes

{"title":"Investigating the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Intramammary Ceftiofur Hydrochloride in Prevention of Udder Inflammation in Non-Lactating Dairy Heifers.","authors":"Ranee A Miller, Geof W Smith, Jennifer L Halleran, Derek M Foster, Ronald E Baynes","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13512","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is the most burdensome concern for the dairy cattle industry. Antimicrobials are often prophylactically administered to dairy cows at dry-off to reduce the risk of intramammary infection during the dry period and subsequent lactation. Mastitis incidence has increased in dairy heifers after calving, leading to extralabel drug use of various dry cow products, including intramammary ceftiofur hydrochloride. However, the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of this application have yet to be studied. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and efficacy following no treatment, a non-antimicrobial teat sealant, or a single dose of intramammary ceftiofur given at 21 or 14 days before expected calving. We hypothesized that milk collected following dosing would contain drug residues below the FDA tolerance of 100 ng/mL by calving, and heifers within the ceftiofur treatment groups would have lower somatic cell counts (SCCs) than heifers in the teat sealant and nontreatment control groups. Following treatment or no treatment of 24 prepartum heifers, milk samples were collected until 21 days after calving. Somatic cell counts and ceftiofur concentrations were assessed utilizing a cell counter and UPLC/MS detection, respectively. Ceftiofur administration did not significantly reduce SCCs compared to other groups by days 7, 14, or 21. For heifers treated 14 and 21 days prior to calving, milk had a maximum ceftiofur concentration of 8.14 ± 6.24 and 4.20 ± 5.07 ng/mL 48 h into lactation, respectively. The minimal ceftiofur concentrations in milk collected from these heifers indicate that administration of ceftiofur 14 or 21 days before calving is unlikely to lead to violative residues. However, it is essential that regional regulations regarding the use of ceftiofur are adhered to.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Vatinoxan on the Concentrations of Medetomidine, Midazolam, and Fentanyl in Central Nervous System After Subcutaneous Co-Administration in Rats. 瓦替诺散对大鼠皮下联合给药后中枢神经系统美托咪定、咪达唑仑和芬太尼浓度的影响。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13514

Juhana Honkavaara, Emily Lindh, Anna Meller, Karoliina Alm, Marja R Raekallio, Pernilla Syrjä

{"title":"The Impact of Vatinoxan on the Concentrations of Medetomidine, Midazolam, and Fentanyl in Central Nervous System After Subcutaneous Co-Administration in Rats.","authors":"Juhana Honkavaara, Emily Lindh, Anna Meller, Karoliina Alm, Marja R Raekallio, Pernilla Syrjä","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13514","url":null,"abstract":"Our aim was to investigate whether vatinoxan, a peripherally acting alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, would affect the concentrations of medetomidine, midazolam, and fentanyl in the central nervous system after subcutaneous co-administration. Twelve healthy male Wistar rats, aged between 13 and 15 weeks, were used in this study. The animals received one of two subcutaneously administered treatments: medetomidine 0.25 mg/kg, midazolam 2 mg/kg, and fentanyl 0.01 mg/kg (MMF) or MMF with 5 mg/kg of vatinoxan (MMF-V). 15 min later, the sedated rats were humanely euthanized with intravenous pentobarbital. Plasma and tissue, including aliquots of the cortex, thalamus, pons, and lumbar spinal cord, were harvested and analyzed for drug concentrations. The treatments were compared with Bonferroni corrected t-tests after one-way analysis of variance. The concentrations of medetomidine (144 ± 19.4 vs. 107 ± 13.1 ng/g [mean ± 95% confidence interval]) (p = 0.04) and fentanyl (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 ng/g) (p = 0.04) in the cortex were significantly higher in the rats administered MMF-V. Similarly, cortex: plasma drug concentration ratios were significantly higher for medetomidine, midazolam, and fentanyl after MMF-V (p < 0.001 for all). The results confirm that vatinoxan increases early cortical exposure to subcutaneously co-administered medetomidine and fentanyl.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0