Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献_第2页

Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Effects of a Single Oral Dose of Oxycodone in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study.

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13499

Erika Militana, Wayne Schwark, Amanda Flanagan, Ziyu Pan, Elizabeth Riley, Colleen Sorge, Robin D Gleed, Jordyn M Boesch

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Effects of a Single Oral Dose of Oxycodone in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Erika Militana, Wayne Schwark, Amanda Flanagan, Ziyu Pan, Elizabeth Riley, Colleen Sorge, Robin D Gleed, Jordyn M Boesch","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13499","url":null,"abstract":"Oxycodone, a full mu opioid receptor agonist prescribed for moderate-to-severe pain in people, could provide outpatient analgesia for dogs with post-operative or cancer pain. To determine the pharmacokinetic profile and physiological side effects of a single oral (PO) dose, five healthy, 2-year-old, castrated male hounds were administered a standard amount of food, with or without immediate-release oxycodone (1 mg/kg), in random order, separated by 1 month. At intervals between 0.25 and 8 h later, blood was sampled to measure plasma oxycodone concentration using ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection, and vital signs were evaluated. Pharmacokinetic variables were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 58.6 (39.3, 61.6) ng/mL, time to maximal plasma concentration (tmax) was 1.5 (0.5, 2.0) h, elimination half-life (t1/2el) was 2.6 (2.0, 6.7) h, area under the curve from time 0 to last measurement (AUC0-t) was 236.1 (204.6, 256.0) ng-h/mL, and mean residence time (MRT) was 3.9 (3.4, 9.8) h. Computer simulations using the calculated pharmacokinetic data predicted that 1 mg/kg PO every 6 h would achieve peak (Cmax) and trough (minimum plasma concentration, Cmin) of 69.4 (60.8, 74.6) and 17.0 (15.5, 46.7), respectively, at steady state. Assuming minimum effective analgesic concentration is similar in humans and dogs (~25 mg/mL), therapeutic concentrations were achieved, but administration more frequently than every 6 h would be necessary. Oxycodone produced a significantly lower rectal temperature 1 and 4 h after administration.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factoring fu Variability Into Estimates of Unbound Drug Concentrations Negatively Biases the MIC Versus % Probability of Target Attainment Relationship of Antimicrobial Agents.

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13498

Marilyn N Martinez, Mark G Papich, Pierre-Louis Toutain

{"title":"Factoring fu Variability Into Estimates of Unbound Drug Concentrations Negatively Biases the MIC Versus % Probability of Target Attainment Relationship of Antimicrobial Agents.","authors":"Marilyn N Martinez, Mark G Papich, Pierre-Louis Toutain","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13498","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical breakpoint for a drug-pathogen combination reflects the drug susceptibility of the pathogen wild-type population, the location of the infection, the integrity of the host immune response, and the drug-pathogen pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship. That PK/PD relationship, along with the population variability in drug exposure, is used to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of the PK/PD index at a specified minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a selected target value. The PTA is used to identify the pharmacodynamic cutoff value (COPD), which is one of the three components used to establish the clinical breakpoint. A challenge encountered when defining the COPD is that the available PK information typically reflects total (free plus protein-bound) plasma concentrations. However, it is the unbound drug concentrations that exert the therapeutic effects and how the population fraction unbound (fu) incorporated into the COPD assessments can markedly influence the COPD. Factors examined included the estimated population fu mean (risk of bias) and the incorporation of estimated fu population variability into the Monte Carlo simulations when converting total to unbound plasma concentrations (risk of inflating variability). In this in silico study, the drug fu, systemic clearance, and the variability of both were altered so that the relative impact of each could be explored. We demonstrate that incorporating fu variability into the estimation of fAUCback can bias the COPD assessment and that the magnitude of bias reflects the relative variability in systemic clearance and fu.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biosafety and Withdrawal Period of In-Feed Administered Antiparasitic Drug Emamectin Benzoate in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) 饲料中使用的抗寄生虫药物苯甲酸酯的生物安全性和停药期（Hamilton, 1822）。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13495

H. G. Solanki, A. Verma, H. K. Solanki, R. A. Raja, S. Avunje, B. J. Trangadia, S. K. Panda, P. K. Patil

{"title":"Biosafety and Withdrawal Period of In-Feed Administered Antiparasitic Drug Emamectin Benzoate in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)","authors":"H. G. Solanki, A. Verma, H. K. Solanki, R. A. Raja, S. Avunje, B. J. Trangadia, S. K. Panda, P. K. Patil","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Parasitic infestations are one of the most economically important disease conditions in the Indian major carps including mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala. This study reported the biosafety and tissue withdrawal of in-feed administered antiparasitic drug, emamectin benzoate (EMB). To evaluate the biosafety of the drug, behaviour, growth and tissue changes in Cirrhinus mrigala was recorded the following in-feed administration of EMB up to 10 times (T1–50 μg kg−1 fish day−1 (1×), T2–125 μg kg−1 fish day−1 (2.5×), T3–250 μg kg−1 fish day−1 (5×), T4–375 μg kg−1 fish day−1 (7.5×) and T5–500 μg kg−1 fish day−1 (10×)) for the period of three times the recommended duration (7 days). The withdrawal period was calculated by feeding EMB at 50 μg kg−1 fish day−1 for consecutive 10 days followed by EMB-free feed. The results revealed that the drug is safe to mrigal up to ten times the recommended dose, while the fish fed with the highest dose (500 μg kg−1 fish day−1) showed transient histological alterations. The feeding behaviour is affected with poor acceptability beyond 5× dosages. The drug residue at the concentration below the MRL (1.0 μg g−1) in the muscle tissue on the day of cessation of medicated feed administration indicates no requirement of the withdrawal period. The study suggests that EMB can be safely used at 50 μg kg−1 fish day−1 for 7 consecutive days, and no withdrawal period is required without affecting the feeding behaviour and tissue histological alterations.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 2","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in Ctenopharyngodon idella Based on the Sparse Sampling Method and a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model Following Intravenous and Oral Administration. 基于稀疏抽样法和非线性混合效应模型的恩诺沙星在海参体内静脉和口服药代动力学

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13497

Ning Xu, Huan Zhang, Shun Zhou, Yongtao Liu, Qiuhong Yang, Jing Dong, Yongzhen Ding, Xiaohui Ai

{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in Ctenopharyngodon idella Based on the Sparse Sampling Method and a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model Following Intravenous and Oral Administration.","authors":"Ning Xu, Huan Zhang, Shun Zhou, Yongtao Liu, Qiuhong Yang, Jing Dong, Yongzhen Ding, Xiaohui Ai","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13497","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to implement population pharmacokinetic (PPK) of enrofloxacin (EF) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after a single oral administration and a single intravenous administration based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. The plasma samples collected by the sparse sampling method were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. The initial pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were evaluated by reference search and the calculation of a naïve pooled method. After oral administration, the concentration-time profile was best described by a one-compartment open model. The absorption rate constant (Ka), apparent distribution volume (V), and systemic clearance (CL) were estimated to be 3.11/h, 4.36 L/kg, and 0.079 L/h/kg, respectively. After intravenous administration, the concentration-time curve was best simulated by a two-compartment open model. The apparent distribution volume of the central compartment (V1), apparent distribution volume of the peripheral compartment (V2), CL, and clearance from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment (CL2) were estimated to be 0.42, 2.05 L/kg, 0.067, and 2.94 L/h/kg, respectively. Finally, the bioavailability was calculated to be 84.81%. The parameter of AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration value was estimated to be more than 506.32 for Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and Flavobacterium columnare indicating that EF at 20 mg/kg has high effectiveness for these pathogens. This study supported a concise method for conducting PK study in aquatic animals that facilitated the development of PK methodology in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Procaine, With and Without Epinephrine, Compared to Lidocaine in Local Anesthesia for Calves Before Thermocautery Disbudding. 普鲁卡因（含或不含肾上腺素）与利多卡因在小牛热烙术开膛前局部麻醉中的疗效比较。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13493

Magdy Adam, Annemari Jokela, Kati Salla, Riikka Aho, Marja Raekallio, Laura Hänninen, Ann-Helena Hokkanen

{"title":"Efficacy of Procaine, With and Without Epinephrine, Compared to Lidocaine in Local Anesthesia for Calves Before Thermocautery Disbudding.","authors":"Magdy Adam, Annemari Jokela, Kati Salla, Riikka Aho, Marja Raekallio, Laura Hänninen, Ann-Helena Hokkanen","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13493","url":null,"abstract":"Within the European Union, the use of lidocaine in food-producing animals is restricted due to concerns over human safety. This study compared the clinical effectiveness of procaine, with and without epinephrine, against lidocaine in pain alleviation during thermocautery disbudding in xylazine-sedated calves. The efficacy of local blocks was assessed through needle pricks, and the behavioral reactions to disbudding were scored. Post-disbudding pain was subjectively evaluated, and pressure pain threshold and tactile sensitivity around the horn bud were assessed at intervals. Blood was collected at intervals for plasma cortisol analysis. No significant differences were found between the groups in the needle prick test (p = 0.329) and the disbudding score (p = 0.855). Pain scores and quantitative sensory tests showed no significant differences between the lidocaine and procaine-epinephrine groups. Conversely, tactile sensitivity and pain scores were significantly higher, and pressure pain thresholds were significantly lower with procaine alone than in other groups. Elevated cortisol concentrations were observed in all groups before disbudding compared to the baselines. The results suggest that procaine combined with epinephrine appears to be a safe and effective alternative to lidocaine for calf disbudding. Cortisol concentrations as an indicator of pain in xylazine-sedated calves appear inadequate.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of a Compounded Levetiracetam Formulation and Bioequivalence to a Commercial Formulation in Healthy Dogs 健康犬体内左乙拉西坦复方制剂的单剂量药代动力学以及与商用制剂的生物等效性。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13490

Aaron M. Paushter, Kari D. Foss, Jennifer M. Reinhart, Lauren E. Forsythe, Devon W. Hague

{"title":"The Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of a Compounded Levetiracetam Formulation and Bioequivalence to a Commercial Formulation in Healthy Dogs","authors":"Aaron M. Paushter, Kari D. Foss, Jennifer M. Reinhart, Lauren E. Forsythe, Devon W. Hague","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13490","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13490","url":null,"abstract":"Levetiracetam (LEV) is an anti-epileptic drug used extra-label in dogs. Commercially available extended-release formulations (LEV-ER), administered twice daily, cannot be crushed or split, limiting their use in small dogs. A compounded LEV-ER formulation (PO-COMP) can purportedly be partitioned without loss of extended-release properties. The aims of this study were to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters of PO-COMP, divided at the tablet score, and determine the bioequivalence of partitioned PO-COMP to an intact commercially available Food and Drug Administration-approved human oral generic formulation of LEV-ER (PO-COMM). In a randomized crossover design, 12 healthy dogs received a single IV dose (30 mg/kg) of IV-COMM, a single oral dose (500 mg) of intact PO-COMM, or a single oral dose (500 mg) of partitioned PO-COMP and underwent serial measurement of plasma LEV concentrations over 24 h. PO-COMP was bioequivalent to PO-COMM using the 90% confidence interval method for maximum concentration (−3.2% difference [CI −7.4% to −1.1%]) and area under the curve (−14.4% difference [CI −17.8% to 10.8%]). PO-COMP may improve medication adherence and seizure control relative to immediate-release LEV, which requires three times daily dosing. Efficacy studies of PO-COMP are warranted.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 2","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.13490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetic Studies in Sea Turtles: A Review 海龟体内的抗菌药物代谢动力学研究：综述。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13492

Eric F. Egelund, Alana Jula, Kathleen Rish, Anthony M. Casapao

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics of Salbutamol in Thoroughbred Horses After a Single Intravenous or Inhaled Administration 沙丁胺醇在纯血马体内单次静脉注射或吸入后的药代动力学。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13491

Motoi Nomura, Taisuke Kuroda, Minoru Ohta, Kanichi Kusano, Yohei Minamijima, Shunichi Nagata

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Salbutamol in Thoroughbred Horses After a Single Intravenous or Inhaled Administration","authors":"Motoi Nomura, Taisuke Kuroda, Minoru Ohta, Kanichi Kusano, Yohei Minamijima, Shunichi Nagata","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13491","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13491","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Salbutamol is a short-acting and selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist. Inhaled (IH) administration of salbutamol is widely used to control lower respiratory tract disease in horses. Here, we estimated the pharmacokinetic parameters of salbutamol after a single intravenous (IV) or IH administration in six horses, and we statistically analysed the detection times with various dosing regimens. Plasma and urine concentrations of salbutamol were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and data were modelled by using a nonlinear mixed effect model followed by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). With IH salbutamol, the maximum plasma concentration was 0.12 ± 0.06 ng/mL at 0.29 ± 0.17 h after administration. Typical values were, for clearance, 1.53 L/kg/h; distribution volume at steady state, 5.43 L/kg; terminal half-life, 6.06 h; IH bioavailability, 19.0%; and urine to plasma ratio, 2057. Statistically estimated 95th percentile detection times in the urine at levels below the international screening limit (0.5 ng/mL) proposed by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities, as simulated in 5000 horses by MCS, were 44 h after 1.6 μg/kg q 24 and 54 h after 1.6 μg/kg q 4 h over a 3-day IH administration period.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 2","pages":"76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Subcutaneous Omeprazole in Sheep and Goats 绵羊和山羊静脉注射和皮下注射奥美拉唑的药代动力学比较

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13489

Firas Serih, Charbel Fadel, Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, Andrzej Lisowski, Amnart Poapolathep, Mario Giorgi

{"title":"Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Subcutaneous Omeprazole in Sheep and Goats","authors":"Firas Serih, Charbel Fadel, Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, Andrzej Lisowski, Amnart Poapolathep, Mario Giorgi","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13489","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13489","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Abomasal ulcers are a challenge in animal farming, affecting health, welfare, and productivity. Omeprazole's (OPZ) efficacy in treating these ulcers is known, but data on its pharmacokinetics (PK) in adult goats and sheep are lacking. The purpose of this research was to investigate and contrast OPZ's PK in these animals following a single intravenous (IV, 1 mg/kg) and subcutaneous (SC, 2 mg/kg) doses. Sheep and goats had similar exposure levels for all administration routes, with no significant AUC(0-∞)D variations. Half-life was short in both species (sheep: 0.20 h; goats: 0.31 h). Goats had a higher volume of distribution after IV administration. Clearance was rapid, and extraction ratio values were high for both goats and sheep (43% and 30%, respectively). SC administration showed similarities in Cmax and Tmax values between species. Both goats and sheep had high bioavailability (about 80%) levels and comparable mean absorption times (MAT). Despite some PK parameters' variances, systemic exposure to OPZ is similar in sheep and goats. SC administration's high bioavailability suggests it as a convenient field application route. Further investigations are needed to understand OPZ's effectiveness in small ruminants with abomasal ulcers and improve dosing regimens for clinical use.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"48 2","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Eprinomectin in Plasma and Milk in Dry Dairy Cattle. 干奶牛血浆和牛奶中皮下注射埃普瑞诺菌素的药代动力学。

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13488

Ranee A Miller, Tyana S McCluney, Jennifer L Halleran, Ronald E Baynes, Derek M Foster

{"title":"The Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Eprinomectin in Plasma and Milk in Dry Dairy Cattle.","authors":"Ranee A Miller, Tyana S McCluney, Jennifer L Halleran, Ronald E Baynes, Derek M Foster","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13488","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic infections in dairy cattle reduce herd immunity, milk production, and conception rates. This leads to higher production costs, compromised animal welfare, and increased interest in extralabel drug use. The extralabel use of anthelmintics poses food safety risks for consumers since appropriate withdrawal intervals in milk have yet to be established. Although topical eprinomectin has no milk withdrawal time, more research is needed to determine the residues present in milk after subcutaneous administration. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of injectable eprinomectin in dry dairy cows. We hypothesized that, when given at the labeled dose, eprinomectin residues in dry dairy cattle would be below the FDA milk tolerance at the onset of lactation. Plasma was collected daily from 13 mature dairy cattle for 7 days postadministration, followed by periodic samples for 90 days. After calving, milk was collected daily until 90 days. Eprinomectin concentrations were measured using HPLC-fluorescence detection. The maximum eprinomectin concentration in plasma and milk was approximately 36 ng/mL 43 h after administration and 3 ng/mL at the onset of lactation, respectively. The low eprinomectin levels in milk collected from these lactating dairy cattle suggest that administering eprinomectin at dry-off is unlikely to result in violative residues. However, subcutaneous eprinomectin in lactating dairy cattle would be hard to justify unless there is evidence that the approved topical formulation is clinically ineffective.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0