{"title":"Evaluation of sampling and laboratory parameters contributing to successful isolation of senecavirus A1 from pigs.","authors":"BoMyoung Kim, Munashe Chigerwe, Beate M Crossley","doi":"10.1177/10406387251327604","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251327604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Senecavirus A1 (SVA; <i>Picornaviridae</i>, <i>Senecavirus valles</i>) infection causes an emerging infectious disease of swine that often leads to cutaneous vesicles on the snout and coronary bands and in the oral cavity of affected pigs, and causes epidemic transient neonatal loss in piglets. Virus isolation (VI) of SVA is required for viability testing, reference stock production, and monitoring virus evolution. We evaluated sampling and testing parameters leading to the successful propagation of SVA with a cross-sectional design based on 1,102 samples submitted to a reference laboratory. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between 16 variables and the outcome. When April was considered the reference month, the odds of SVA isolation failure were 17 and 100 times more likely during July and August, respectively. When foot samples were considered the referent, the odds of VI were 1.7 times more likely in unspecified samples. Compared to pooled samples, the odds of successful SVA isolation in individual samples were 8 and 45 times more likely in July and August, respectively. Laboratory parameters were not significantly associated with SVA isolation. The logistic model was moderately accurate (AUC = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.65-0.72%), suggesting that the model should be used cautiously for practical purposes. High environmental temperatures might negatively affect virus recovery. Using individual samples might improve SVA recovery when high ambient temperatures are recorded, as in the months of July and August.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"759-763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanne Richter, Friedrich Schmoll, Daniel Polzer, Christoph Leth, Sandra Revilla-Fernández, Lukas Schwarz, Angelika Auer, Tatjana Sattler
{"title":"Diagnostic approach to swinepox virus infection in a German 2-site swine production unit.","authors":"Susanne Richter, Friedrich Schmoll, Daniel Polzer, Christoph Leth, Sandra Revilla-Fernández, Lukas Schwarz, Angelika Auer, Tatjana Sattler","doi":"10.1177/10406387251366960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251366960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2008, nearly 50% of weaned piglets at a German 2-site production unit in Saxony-Anhalt had skin lesions 1-2 wk after relocation into the nursery. First clinical signs were maculae, followed by papules, pustules, and finally crusts, distributed over the dorsal and lateral body flank. Tentative clinical diagnosis was an infection with swinepox virus (SWPV; family <i>Poxviridae</i>, taxon species <i>Suipoxvirus swinepox</i>). Electron microscopy confirmed within one hour that the causal agent was a brick-shaped poxvirus, and routine PCR validated the poxvirus detection; PCR for <i>Orthopoxvirus</i> was negative. Phylogenetic analysis of the thymidine kinase genes from different poxviruses and from our SWPV isolates, 3 isolates from Germany, and 1 isolate from Austria, provided a good picture of evolutionary relationships of poxvirus genera, which was also consistent with phylogenetic analysis of poxviruses based on other genes. The German and Austrian isolates from domestic pigs were 99.8-100% identical to previously isolated German SWPV from wild boar and domestic pigs. All isolates belonged to the North American/European lineage. In a second step, SWPV assembly in naturally infected domestic pigs was analyzed by ultrathin sectioning. The virus assembly resembled that of other poxviruses and completed gaps in the SWPV morphogenesis model described in prior publications. Because there is no specific therapy, recommended interventions were improvements in biosecurity measures, especially hygiene management and disinfection procedures at the farm and within the transporters between the farrowing unit and the nursery. No further infections with SWPV were seen 5-6 wk after commencement of the hygiene interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251366960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natsumi Kobayashi, Aya Masuda, Jun Matsumoto, Natsumi Asai, Nobuhiko Hida, Tomoaki Murakami
{"title":"Giant cell hepatitis with <i>Platynosomum illiciens</i> infection in a Japanese domestic cat.","authors":"Natsumi Kobayashi, Aya Masuda, Jun Matsumoto, Natsumi Asai, Nobuhiko Hida, Tomoaki Murakami","doi":"10.1177/10406387251365607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251365607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 6-y-old, spayed female, mixed-breed cat developed anorexia, weight loss, and watery diarrhea, and later died. Elevated liver enzyme activities and mild anemia were present antemortem. Generalized jaundice and a diffusely yellow liver with dark-red foci were noted at postmortem examination. Cytologically, hepatocytes contained abundant fine-to-large vacuoles, and multinucleate giant hepatocytes were present. Histologically, the liver had severe centrilobular necrosis, severe biliary congestion, and multinucleation of hepatocytes, leading to the diagnosis of giant cell hepatitis. In addition, flukes present in bile ducts were identified as <i>Platynosomum illiciens</i> by morphologic and molecular analyses. These flukes were genetically similar to <i>P. illiciens</i> in Southeast Asia and South America.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251365607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiara E Hampton, Stephanie A Kleine, Lucille R Vanecek, Christopher K Smith, Gregory A Shanks, Cary Springer, Bente Flatland, Luca Giori
{"title":"Comparison of human point-of-care glucometer (Guide Me) and lactometer (Lactate Plus) to an automated chemistry analyzer for measurement of blood concentrations of lactate and glucose in juvenile commercial pigs.","authors":"Chiara E Hampton, Stephanie A Kleine, Lucille R Vanecek, Christopher K Smith, Gregory A Shanks, Cary Springer, Bente Flatland, Luca Giori","doi":"10.1177/10406387251366277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251366277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine glucose and lactate concentrations measured with a point-of-care glucometer (POC-Glu; Guide Me) and a POC lactometer (POC-Lac; Lactate Plus) were compared to those from a comparative method (CM; COBAS-501c). Fresh whole blood samples (<i>n</i> = 175 glucose; <i>n</i> = 272 lactate) from 10 healthy juvenile commercial-cross pigs (5 barrows, 5 gilts; 79-91-d-old) were collected over 12 d under various conditions. Comparisons were made with the Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman method with multiple measurements per subject. The allowable total error (TE<sub>a</sub>) was set at 20% for glucose and 40% for lactate. Correlation with CM was high for POC-Glu (<i>r</i> = 0.886; 95% CI [0.849, 0.914]) and very high for POC-Lac (<i>r</i> = 0.935; 95% CI [0.918, 0.949]) with constant and proportional biases (intercept = -0.52, 95% CI [-0.98, -0.13] mmol/L, slope = 0.06, 95% CI [0.06, 0.07] mmol/L for glucose; intercept = 0.075, 95% CI [0.050, 0.104] mmol/L, slope = 0.797, 95% CI [0.775, 0.819] mmol/L for lactate). Acceptance limits based on combined inherent imprecision (CIP) were ±5.2% for glucose and ±8.1% for lactate. The observed total errors (TE<sub>obs</sub>) were 5.42% for POC-Glu and 29.9% for POC-Lac at the decision threshold of 3.0 mmol/L, both within the set TE<sub>a</sub>. Both POC-Glu and POC-Lac are practical and reliable tools for use in juvenile pigs, with satisfactory agreement to the reference method, although interpretation of POC-Lac results requires greater caution due to a significant matrix effect, underscoring the need for method- and matrix-specific RIs, particularly for lactate.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251366277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilherme S Lemos, Rodrigo L A Palhano, Hudson A Santos, João P Matiello, Bárbara A Alves, Gabriela Anteveli, Tiago F Moreira, Rodrigo M Meneses, Antônio U Carvalho, Elias J Facury Filho
{"title":"<i>Eurytrema</i> sp. as a cause of chronic interstitial pancreatitis in cattle in southeastern Brazil.","authors":"Guilherme S Lemos, Rodrigo L A Palhano, Hudson A Santos, João P Matiello, Bárbara A Alves, Gabriela Anteveli, Tiago F Moreira, Rodrigo M Meneses, Antônio U Carvalho, Elias J Facury Filho","doi":"10.1177/10406387251345888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251345888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report here 6 cases of bovine eurytrematosis on 2 farms (dairy and beef cattle) in southeastern Brazil. The cattle had different primary lesions that explained their clinical conditions; however, upon autopsy, common to all animals were abnormalities in the pancreas and the presence of <i>Eurytrema</i> spp. All parasitized pancreases were swollen, firm, and tan to yellow-pink. Upon dissection, numerous parasites were observed, the pancreatic ducts were thickened and dilated, and the parenchyma was fibrotic. Histopathologic findings were multifocal-to-diffuse chronic interstitial pancreatitis. Despite clinical signs, such as low body condition score, compatible with eurytrematosis, it was challenging to determine whether these signs were caused primarily by the pancreatic lesion or by the primary disease affecting the cows. Bovine eurytrematosis may be associated with other underlying conditions, making its diagnosis difficult and potentially impacting the prognosis of the affected animals. Our findings underscore the harmful nature of <i>Eurytrema coelomaticum</i> as a parasite and emphasize that it may be more than an incidental finding at autopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251345888"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo E Mendes, Fernanda F Perosa, Marcia R S Ilha, Érica Boldori, Raphael V A Tonin, Erin A Graham, Manoela M Piva, Anderson H Gris, Daniel R Rissi
{"title":"A divergent anatomic distribution of bovine lymphoma: time for an update.","authors":"Ricardo E Mendes, Fernanda F Perosa, Marcia R S Ilha, Érica Boldori, Raphael V A Tonin, Erin A Graham, Manoela M Piva, Anderson H Gris, Daniel R Rissi","doi":"10.1177/10406387251366329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251366329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine leukemia virus-associated lymphoma (BLV-AL) is a significant neoplastic disease in cattle globally, resulting in substantial economic losses. Here we describe the anatomic distribution of lymphoma in adult cattle in 3 veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Between 2001 and 2024, we retrieved 5,290 reports of bovine autopsies performed by these VDLs and 2,200 autopsies submitted by field veterinarians for diagnosis. We selected 165 bovine lymphoma cases, of which 122 (73.9%) originated from VDL autopsies and 43 (26.1%) from autopsies performed by field veterinarians. The most affected organs were lymph nodes (70.3%), followed by the heart (62.4%), abomasum (51.5%), kidney (32.7%), intestinal wall (26.1%), and forestomach wall (19.4%). Among adult cattle lymphoma cases diagnosed at these VDLs, lymphoma was observed more frequently in kidney and intestinal wall than in uterus or spinal cord epidural space.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251366329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of minimum centrifugation time of microhematocrit tubes to obtain accurate results of packed cell volume and total solids in donkeys, dogs, sheep, and cows.","authors":"Dreyton Oliva, Hélène Lardé, Juliette Bouillon, Ronan Whiston, Andrea Peda, Patricia Dowling, Ronan J J Chapuis","doi":"10.1177/10406387251362461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251362461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, the minimum centrifugation times of microhematocrit tubes of blood to generate accurate PCV and total solids (TS) results have not been validated in veterinary medicine. We collected blood samples from 44 donkeys, 43 dogs, 61 sheep, and 40 cattle. We centrifuged microhematocrit tubes for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 15 min in donkeys and dogs, and 1.5, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min in ruminants. We evaluated the agreements between PCV and TS values at each time of centrifugation with the reference values at 15 min using intra-class coefficients of correlation and linear regressions. Finally, we considered the symmetrical distribution of differences between results obtained at each time of centrifugation and the reference values. We found that microhematocrit tubes centrifuged for a minimum of 3 min in donkeys and dogs, 10 min in sheep, and 5 min in cattle gave PCV and TS results in agreement with the values obtained after 15 min of centrifugation. The centrifugation time for cattle was shorter than currently advised. However, because PCV values of all cattle and most donkeys enrolled were within RIs and because no polycythemic animals were included, validation of these times may be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251362461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna M Majcher, Antonia Troillet, Kerstin Gerlach, Paul R Tönnies, Walter Brehm, Reiner Ulrich
{"title":"Postmortem diagnosis of venous air embolism in a Wielkopolski horse.","authors":"Anna M Majcher, Antonia Troillet, Kerstin Gerlach, Paul R Tönnies, Walter Brehm, Reiner Ulrich","doi":"10.1177/10406387251362462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251362462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine days after a surgical intervention due to an injury of the left hind hoof capsule, a 9-y-old, 538-kg female Wielkopolski horse was found recumbent in its stall with an unplugged permanent intravenous catheter positioned in the left jugular vein. Despite immediate resuscitation attempts, the animal died within minutes. Suspecting venous air embolism, radiographic imaging and detailed postmortem examinations were performed. However, visualization of the heart by radiography was hindered by the animal's body mass and postmortem changes. The autopsy followed a modified Richter method, originally developed for diagnosing air embolism in humans. The horse was positioned in left lateral recumbency to allow in situ access to the atria and venous sinuses. Gas bubbles observed in the right atrium and ventricle confirmed venous air embolism as the cause of death. Venous air embolism is a rarely documented cause of death in veterinary pathology. We present here an autopsy protocol for diagnosis of venous air embolism in large animals, which is primarily a macroscopic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251362462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katie Long, Brad J White, Eduarda Mazzardo Bortoluzzi, Luis Felipe Feitoza, Laura Carpenter, Paige Schmidt, Maddie Mancke, Rachel Champagne, Makenna Jensen, Randall Raymond, Justin Buchanan, Robert Larson, Brian Lubbers
{"title":"Relationships of heart scores and postmortem cardiac measurements in congestive heart disease in feedlot cattle.","authors":"Katie Long, Brad J White, Eduarda Mazzardo Bortoluzzi, Luis Felipe Feitoza, Laura Carpenter, Paige Schmidt, Maddie Mancke, Rachel Champagne, Makenna Jensen, Randall Raymond, Justin Buchanan, Robert Larson, Brian Lubbers","doi":"10.1177/10406387251357233","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251357233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congestive heart failure (CHF) in feedyard cattle is of increasing concern among producers and can be difficult to diagnose definitively postmortem. In a cross-sectional observational study, we evaluated gross pathology findings, various heart measurements, and subjective heart scores (1-5 scale: 1 = normal, 5 = severely remodeled) to identify heart disease postmortem. In postmortem examinations of 346 feedyard deaths, we classified 106 (30.6%) cases as cardiac enlargement or misshapen ventricle (CEMV) when there was an abnormal heart shape or dilated ventricle(s), and no signs of infectious heart disease. CHF was defined as a CEMV case with chronic passive congestion of the liver (i.e., nutmeg liver) and ≥2 of the following lesions: serous or serosanguineous pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal effusion. Eleven of the 346 autopsied cattle were classified as having CHF. Descriptive statistics and multivariate models were used to identify statistical associations between objective heart measurements or subjective heart scores and the prevalence of CEMV or CHF. CEMV cases had significantly increased heart widths, thinner left ventricular free walls, and expanded right ventricular lumen areas (<i>p</i> <0.05). The CHF model did not converge because we had too few cases to be able to evaluate associations between CHF and variables of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251357233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca P Wilkes, Angie Chan, Nelly Elshafie, Kabel Robbins
{"title":"Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for <i>Cochlosoma anatis</i> in turkeys.","authors":"Rebecca P Wilkes, Angie Chan, Nelly Elshafie, Kabel Robbins","doi":"10.1177/10406387251364260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251364260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cochlosoma anatis</i> is a flagellated protozoan parasite in the <i>Trichomonadidae</i> family that causes an enteric disease of turkeys and ducks known as cochlosomosis. Following the withdrawal of effective antiprotozoal medications from commercial poultry production, this organism has become of increased concern for the turkey industry. Historically, this organism has been detected by light microscopic evaluation of enteric mucosal scrapings. However, live trophozoites must be present in the sample for this method of detection because the parasite is differentiated from other protozoa by its characteristic movement. There is currently no real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay published for this organism; thus, we designed and validated a rtPCR assay. Ten-fold serial dilutions of gBlocks DNA representing the targeted region of the organism were evaluated to determine the limit of detection of the organism, which was ~50 copies per reaction. The assay was specific for <i>C. anatis</i>, with no cross-detection of 3 other poultry flagellates: <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>, <i>Tetratrichomonas gallinarum</i>, and <i>Trichomonas gallinae</i>. Sensitivity and specificity compared to microscopic detection of live organisms were 100%. Coinfections of <i>C. anatis</i> with other pathogens have been reported. Thus, this assay can be added to syndromic panels for detection of enteric pathogens of turkeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251364260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}