{"title":"<i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> and <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> abortions in sheep and goats in California: a series of cases diagnosed at CAHFS laboratories, 2002-2023.","authors":"Seung-Hee Cho, Aslı Mete, Isaiah Cueva, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Heather Fritz, Nicolas Streitenberger, Omar Gonzales-Viera","doi":"10.1177/10406387251324883","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251324883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abortion in small ruminants poses a significant economic threat and can have zoonotic risk. Although the association between yersiniosis and reproductive complications is known, systematic studies and case series on abortion in sheep and goats are scarce. Here we describe epidemiologic and pathologic findings in 34 cases of <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i>- and <i>Y. enterocolitica</i>-associated abortions in sheep and goats, contributing to the understanding of these zoonotic diseases in California. We conducted a 22-y retrospective study to examine microbiologic and pathologic findings in abortion submissions, as well as the geographic and seasonal distribution of the analyzed cases. Yersiniosis-induced abortion was diagnosed in 22 goats and 12 sheep, with all abortions occurring in the last third of gestation. Samples from lung, liver, placenta, and abomasal contents were submitted for aerobic culture; the highest recovery of <i>Yersinia</i> spp. was from abomasal contents. Microscopically, there was severe necrotizing and suppurative inflammation in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and, when present, the placenta, with intralesional bacterial colonies. All cases were received from northern and central California in the winter and spring. Our study provides epidemiologic and pathologic features of <i>Yersinia</i> spp.-induced abortions in small ruminants and provides critical data to pave the way for future research, surveillance, and preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"545-551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joaquín Alvarez-Norambuena, Albert Rovira, Cesar A Corzo, Mariana Kikuti
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 sequences in samples containing PRRSV modified-live vaccine and wild-type strains.","authors":"Joaquín Alvarez-Norambuena, Albert Rovira, Cesar A Corzo, Mariana Kikuti","doi":"10.1177/10406387251340342","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251340342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses and is a major challenge to the swine industry. The PRRS virus (PRRSV) has high rates of mutation and evolution. We examined the influence on ORF5 Sanger sequencing outcomes of various concentrations of a wild-type (WT) PRRSV (lineage 1A RFLP 1-7-4) and a modified-live vaccine (MLV) virus (lineage 5 RFLP 2-5-2) in the same sample. Vaccine-like sequences were detected more frequently than the WT virus when the MLV virus was present at equal or higher concentrations than the WT virus. This result suggests that ORF5 Sanger sequencing may preferentially detect the dominant virus in samples containing more than one virus, potentially masking WT viral infections in vaccinated herds. Although our findings highlight a limitation in identifying co-circulation of strains, Sanger sequencing is still widely used as an accessible tool to characterize PRRSVs. Advanced sequencing techniques, such as NGS or CLAMP-based approaches, would complement Sanger sequencing results and allow improved detection of co-circulating variants by minimizing consensus sequence bias and selectively blocking vaccine-like sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"716-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deon van der Merwe, Yannique Jacobs, Saskia van der Drift, Ant Koopmans
{"title":"Reference intervals for trace minerals and heavy metals in livers of cattle in wilderness areas in the Netherlands.","authors":"Deon van der Merwe, Yannique Jacobs, Saskia van der Drift, Ant Koopmans","doi":"10.1177/10406387251325864","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251325864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the liver mineral concentrations of semi-wild cattle breeds (Highland, Galloway, Rode Geus) grazing in natural or near-natural flood-prone areas in the Netherlands. These breeds are employed as part of trophic rewilding initiatives aimed at maintaining biodiverse ecosystems through natural grazing patterns. Our primary goal was to derive RIs for liver mineral concentrations for these cattle populations. We collected and analyzed liver samples from 96 cattle from 14 sites in the Netherlands and used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. The statistical analysis included Pearson product moment correlations and <i>k</i>-means clustering to evaluate patterns within the data. The highest significant correlations were between liver cadmium concentrations and animal age, and between liver copper and selenium concentrations. Breed-related differences were found for liver cadmium and molybdenum concentrations, but we could not isolate breed-differences in forage selection from environmental variables such as soil composition. Liver copper levels in many animals were below thresholds typically used to indicate copper deficiency in farmed cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"552-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana A Bochynska, Corina G Toma, Sara Salgado, Ann P Donachey, Dana M Sheets-Nichols, Robert A Foster
{"title":"Adenofibroma of the uterine tube in a pig.","authors":"Diana A Bochynska, Corina G Toma, Sara Salgado, Ann P Donachey, Dana M Sheets-Nichols, Robert A Foster","doi":"10.1177/10406387251324670","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251324670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-y-old, 145-kg, pet Large Black domestic pig with a history of heart failure, which was unresponsive to furosemide, and an enlarged abdomen was submitted for postmortem examination. An 11-kg, pale-pink, firm, multinodular mass was found in the region of the right ovary. On histologic examination, the mass appeared to originate from the wall of the uterine tube; there was no evidence of metastasis. Histologically, the mass was a biphasic tumor of epithelial and spindle cells. The epithelium was proliferative, not trapped residual glands, and was randomly dispersed through the spindle cell population as clusters and tubules lined by a monolayer of cuboidal cells. The spindle cell population resembled a fibroma with abundant collagen. There were no mitotic figures in either of the neoplastic cell populations. The uterus had cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Based on the histologic and immunohistochemical findings, this case fulfills the criteria of an adenofibroma.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"635-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mizael Machado, Camila Ciuffo, Federico Giannitti, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Yisell Perdomo, Cintia R R Queiroz-Machado, Rafael Carriquiry, Leticia Zarantonelli, Alejo Menchaca
{"title":"Acute fatal <i>Leptospira kirschneri</i> infection in suckling lambs and calves in Uruguay.","authors":"Mizael Machado, Camila Ciuffo, Federico Giannitti, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Yisell Perdomo, Cintia R R Queiroz-Machado, Rafael Carriquiry, Leticia Zarantonelli, Alejo Menchaca","doi":"10.1177/10406387251341234","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251341234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Leptospira kirschneri</i> is an emerging human and animal pathogen. Here we describe 2 unrelated outbreaks of acute fatal leptospirosis caused by <i>L. kirschneri</i> in suckling lambs and calves diagnosed following a flooding event in the spring of 2023 in northern Uruguay. In outbreak 1, the sheep flock was raised in a low-lying area previously used for rice cultivation; 20 lambs died after developing apathy, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. In outbreak 2, 2 calves were found dead. At autopsy, 4 lambs and 2 calves had marked jaundice, hemoglobinuria, dark-red kidneys, and hepatomegaly. Microscopically, we found marked hemoglobinuric nephrosis, lymphohistiocytic tubulointerstitial nephritis, hepatocellular dissociation, and random hepatocellular necrosis with periportal lymphohistiocytic hepatitis and canalicular cholestasis. Positive immunostaining for <i>Leptospira</i> sp. was found in the liver (lamb C), both the liver and kidney (calf B), and the liver (calf A). <i>Leptospira kirschneri</i> was PCR-confirmed using kidney and liver samples from the autopsied animals. Acute leptospirosis caused by <i>L. kirschneri</i> has not been reported previously in sheep and cattle, to our knowledge. Our findings highlight that <i>L. kirschneri</i> infection can cause acute leptospirosis in unvaccinated lambs and calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"679-683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susumu Iwaide, Garrett L Wachoski-Dark, Tomoaki Murakami, Niki Sedghi Masoud, Yoshiyuki Itoh, Miki Hisada, Kumiko Kimura, Tomoyuki Shibahara, Makoto Haritani, Jeff L Caswell
{"title":"Identification of fibrinogen Aα-chain as an amyloid precursor protein in a case of canine coronary artery amyloidosis.","authors":"Susumu Iwaide, Garrett L Wachoski-Dark, Tomoaki Murakami, Niki Sedghi Masoud, Yoshiyuki Itoh, Miki Hisada, Kumiko Kimura, Tomoyuki Shibahara, Makoto Haritani, Jeff L Caswell","doi":"10.1177/10406387251331933","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251331933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous amyloid deposition occurs in the coronary arteries in older dogs, but the pathogenesis, including the precursor protein, is not known. We conducted proteome analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify the amyloid precursor protein in a 13-y-old male mixed-breed dog with amyloid deposition in intramural coronary arteries, and identified fibrinogen Aα-chain. This form of amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of amyloid derived from fibrinogen Aα-chains, which has been reported previously only in humans and Japanese squirrels. Within amyloid deposits in the intramural coronary arteries of our canine case, the αC connector region was identified in abundance, whereas in humans and Japanese squirrels, the amyloid arises from the αC domain. Thus, even if amyloid is formed by the same protein, the amyloid-forming peptide and the anatomic site of deposition in our case differed from that in humans and Japanese squirrels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"689-693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmine Morgan, Gillian Curtis Shaw, Jaime Weisman, Thomas Cecere, Francisco R Carvallo-Chaigneau
{"title":"Bilateral intraocular choristoma in a 2-day-old foal.","authors":"Jasmine Morgan, Gillian Curtis Shaw, Jaime Weisman, Thomas Cecere, Francisco R Carvallo-Chaigneau","doi":"10.1177/10406387251324997","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251324997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-d-old Warmblood colt was submitted for autopsy with a spectrum of bilateral ocular abnormalities. At postmortem examination, a constellation of lesions within the anterior segment included retention of ectodermal elements, compatible with choristoma. Ocular choristomas can be localized to different intraocular structures and are rare in equids. The morphologic features in our case were suggestive of abnormal corneal differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"652-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Kornya, Connor Bryant, Brandon Lillie, Sebastien Sanz, Kristiina Ruotsalo, Dorothee Bienzle
{"title":"Canine polyostotic B-cell lymphoma: a case with clinical, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric characterization, and review of the literature.","authors":"Matthew Kornya, Connor Bryant, Brandon Lillie, Sebastien Sanz, Kristiina Ruotsalo, Dorothee Bienzle","doi":"10.1177/10406387251329020","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251329020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An 8-mo-old Mastiff-cross dog with bone pain and lytic-proliferative lesions in the radius, ulna, femur, vertebral spinous processes, and ribs, was diagnosed with lymphoma. The dog also had anemia and thrombocytopenia, and atypical circulating lymphocytes were identified as B cells by flow cytometry. Due to the multicentric, rapidly progressive disease, the dog was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed extensive bone replacement by lymphoma, and infiltration of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry showed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was immunopositive for PAX5 and CD20, and immunonegative for CD3. Lymphoma of bone is rare in dogs and humans, and is most frequently reported in pediatric individuals. Including our case, 7 of 14 reported cases occurred in dogs <2-y-old, and all but 1 had polyostotic disease. Long bones, ribs, and vertebrae were affected most often, and the distal metaphyseal region was targeted in long bones. Visceral and nodal tissue infiltration was common, and all tumors had a diffuse architecture. Most dogs with polyostotic lymphoma were euthanized at the time of diagnosis, and survival was <6 wk in dogs that were treated with chemotherapy or surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"697-704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Lai Tse, Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Martí Pumarola, Ana Liza Ortiz, Cristina Toni
{"title":"Multiple spinal nerve sheath tumors in a dog resembling schwannomatosis in humans.","authors":"Jun Lai Tse, Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Martí Pumarola, Ana Liza Ortiz, Cristina Toni","doi":"10.1177/10406387251329049","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251329049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 7-y-old male neutered crossbreed dog was presented to a veterinary referral hospital with a 9-mo history of progressive non-ambulatory tetraparesis. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed multiple T2-weighted hyperintense intradural nodular lesions within the cervical spinal cord and nerves that were contrast-enhancing in T1-weighted post-contrast images. Neurologic signs progressed despite steroid treatment and a second MRI revealed slight enlargement of the previously seen lesions. The dog was euthanized due to severe neurologic signs. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (laminin, S100, SOX10) confirmed multiple spindle-cell tumors from cervical spinal nerves, consistent with schwannomas. Neoplastic cells occasionally contained a large, clear vacuole (lipoblast-like change). The clinical and pathologic presentation resembles schwannomatosis, a hereditary condition in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"657-661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong-Eun Yeom, Min-Gyeong Seo, Kook-Young Han, Sang-Hyun Kim, Eun-Joo Lee, Kyu-Shik Jeong, Il-Hwa Hong
{"title":"Concurrent pancreatic exocrine hyperplasia and adenomas in a Eurasian otter with pleuropneumonia and urolithiasis.","authors":"Jeong-Eun Yeom, Min-Gyeong Seo, Kook-Young Han, Sang-Hyun Kim, Eun-Joo Lee, Kyu-Shik Jeong, Il-Hwa Hong","doi":"10.1177/10406387251338327","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251338327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Eurasian otter (<i>Lutra lutra</i>) is a semi-aquatic mammal classified as near-threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. There have been few reports on their diseases, especially neoplasms. Here we describe exocrine nodular hyperplasia and adenomas in the pancreas, along with suppurative pleuropneumonia and urolithiasis, in an aged captive Eurasian otter. Pancreatic adenomas are rare in animals, and coexistence of adenoma and nodular hyperplasia in the pancreas has not been reported previously in veterinary medicine, to our knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"625-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}