Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation最新文献

{"title":"A retrospective study of 171 cases of equine meningoencephalomyelitis in the United States, 1996-2023.","authors":"Kerstyn Countrymann, Rebecca Ruby, Andrew D Miller","doi":"10.1177/10406387251362241","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251362241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine meningoencephalomyelitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with a wide variety of infectious etiologies. Because of the lack of large retrospective studies, the prevalence and incidence of these diseases are unknown. Here we describe 171 cases of meningoencephalomyelitis in horses submitted to the Section of Anatomic Pathology at the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA) from 1996-2023. Neuroinflammatory disease was identified in 5.4% of submitted horses with a wide breed, age, and sex distribution. A parasitic cause was identified in 32 (19%) cases, with protozoa in 18 (11%) cases and metazoa in 14 (8%) cases. A viral cause was identified in 31 (18%) cases, corresponding to infection by equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1; 12 of 31, 39%), eastern equine encephalitis virus (10 of 31; 32%), West Nile virus (5 of 31; 16%), and rabies virus (4 of 31; 13%), followed by 14 bacterial (8%) cases and 7 fungal (4%) cases. Of the remaining 87 of 171 (51%) cases, 20 (23%) had some histologic features, although not conclusive, of protozoal disease, and 8 (9%) of EqAHV1 infection. However, 59 (68%) cases did not have any neuropathologic changes that would support a definitive diagnosis. Although we found the expected causes of equine meningoencephalomyelitis in our study, the large number of cases with unknown etiologic diagnoses highlights the challenges of definitively proving causes of neuroinflammation in the horse and supports the need for improved ante- and postmortem testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251362241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two different immunoassays produced highly discordant results when used to measure anti-Müllerian hormone in feline blood serum and urine.","authors":"Ned J Place, Posie L Price, M Erin Henry","doi":"10.1177/10406387251373083","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251373083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a useful biomarker for a variety of veterinary conditions relating to the gonads. For female mammals, these include spayed or intact status, ovarian remnant syndrome, granulosa cell tumor, and ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation for assisted reproductive technologies. We compared 2 different AMH immunoassays that produced markedly discordant results, although the original aim of our research was to refine an earlier study that intended to determine whether AMH concentrations in feline blood serum and urine are correlated. The previous study reported measurable AMH concentrations in all 27 urine samples tested, which were not correlated with the corresponding serum concentrations. Our studies differ in that we used the AMH ELISA (assay A; AL-116, Ansh Labs) currently in use in our diagnostic laboratory, which differs from the immunoassay (assay B; E0078Ca, BT Lab) used in the original study. In contrast to assay B, assay A detected no AMH in urine collected from 19 cats immediately before ovariohysterectomy. We re-tested these same urine samples using assay B, and all had measurable AMH. However, a negative serum sample that is routinely run in assay A for quality control purposes also had measurable AMH in assay B. A second run of assay B found measurable AMH concentrations in 20 serum samples that had previously tested below the detection limit of assay A. Assay B also failed the parallelism validation test. Our results indicate that assay B is not valid for feline or canine AMH testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251373083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-resolved metagenomic analysis and qPCR validation suggest <i>Clostridium cuniculi</i> is the etiologic agent for infectious diarrhea in severely immunodeficient mice.","authors":"Rina Barouch-Bentov, Bryan D Merrill, Wencke Reineking, Roberta Moorhead, Flavio Herberg de Alonso, Minoo Fazel, Francisco A Uzal, Stephen A Felt, Justin L Sonnenburg, Kerriann M Casey, Claude M Nagamine","doi":"10.1177/10406387251378688","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251378688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In late 2020, the mouse barrier facility at Stanford University experienced an outbreak of diarrhea in adult mice and sudden deaths in mid-lactation females. Affected strains were immunodeficient, carrying either the <i>Prkdc</i>^scid or <i>Rag</i>^null mutations and the <i>Il2rγ</i>^null mutation, predominantly NOD.Cg-<i>Prkdc^scid</i> <i>Il2rγ^tm1Wjl</i>/SzJ (NSG) mice. The diarrhea was transmissible to naïve NSG mice by co-housing or gavage of intestinal homogenates from diarrheic mice, suggesting the involvement of an infectious agent and thus was given the name \"infectious diarrhea.\" Conventional testing failed to identify an etiology. Strain-resolved metagenomic analyses using DNA from diarrheic and control fecal samples yielded the genome sequence of an enterotoxin-encoding <i>Clostridium cuniculi</i> strain, a candidate factor underlying the diarrhea outbreak. We hypothesized that the presence of <i>C. cuniculi</i> and its enterotoxin in fecal samples could serve as biomarkers. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays using specific primers for <i>C. cuniculi</i> and its enterotoxin were generated and validated. We analyzed fecal samples from 111 NSG or NSG-related mice that were healthy, 37 that had clinical signs of infectious diarrhea, and 28 that had diarrhea attributable to known causes. Positive qPCR results for <i>C. cuniculi</i> and its enterotoxin only occurred in feces from mice with infectious diarrhea. All positive samples contained both <i>C. cuniculi</i> and its enterotoxin. Our data suggest that infectious diarrhea in these cases is mediated, at least in part, by the transmission of <i>C. cuniculi</i> and its enterotoxin. Our novel qPCR assays for <i>C. cuniculi</i> and its enterotoxin are effective tools for the detection of infectious diarrhea in NSG mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251378688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphoma in 2 black vultures.","authors":"Igor R Santos, Francisca M S Barbosa, Paola A Rodrigues, Gabrielle Z Tres, Vitor Gabriel C Silva, Carolina B Brunner, Leticia F Baumbach, Cláudio Canal, Marcelo M Alievi, Leonardo Susta, Saulo P Pavarini, David Driemeier","doi":"10.1177/10406387251377747","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251377747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vultures have suffered a drastic population decline mainly due to poisoning and traumatic lesions; neoplastic diseases in these birds are rarely documented. Here we describe the clinical and pathologic findings of lymphoma in 2 free-ranging black vultures (<i>Coragyps atratus</i>). Upon initial evaluation, both birds were severely emaciated; vulture 1 had proptosis of the right eye and vulture 2 swelling of the left wing. The vultures died shortly after presentation and were autopsied. In both birds, the thymus and many other organs were expanded by poorly demarcated, white, soft masses that were composed histologically of proliferating lymphocytes of monomorphic appearance. In vulture 2, thickening of the left-wing bones appeared to be caused by periosteal reaction, associated with bone invasion by the same type of lymphocytes, and granulomatous osteomyelitis. By immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were reactive for CD3 and negative for PAX5. The final diagnoses were multicentric T-cell lymphoma. PCR assays for Marek disease, avian leukosis, reticuloendotheliosis, and bovine leukemia viruses were negative in both cases. To our knowledge, lymphoma has not been reported previously in vultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251377747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in techniques used in the diagnosis of lumpy skin disease: a review.","authors":"Bilal A Bhat, Fatmah M Alqahtani, Majid Alhomrani, Sheikh Adil, Walaa F Alsanie, Abdulhakeem S Alamri, Luay M Alkazmi","doi":"10.1177/10406387251373081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251373081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease that affects livestock and is caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). An outbreak of LSD in any country can lead to acute economic damage for livestock owners. The significance of prompt and accurate diagnosis in managing this viral disease cannot be overstated. Here we review the techniques used for the detection of LSDV and its application in the diagnosis of LSD. Nucleic acid detection, including conventional PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and high-resolution melting assays, is used most often because of its strong sensitivity and specificity. These methods are expensive and require skilled personnel. Faster but less-sensitive tests include immunoassay formats, such as ELISA, virus neutralization test, immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, and indirect fluorescent antibody test. Various serologic and molecular tests are used to distinguish virulent strains of LSDV from vaccine strains. As well, sheeppox virus, goatpox virus, and LSDV share 96-97% genetic resemblance and must be differentiated reliably. New techniques, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, fluorescence assays based on CRISPR-Cas12a, nanopore sequencing, and lateral flow immunoassays, provide greater sensitivity in detecting lower quantities of viral nucleic acids, making them ideal for quick and economical tests in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251373081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous oronasal ejection of neoplastic and non-neoplastic nodules by 21 dogs, 2000-2024.","authors":"Daniel A Sebastian Pineda, Fabiano N Oliveira, Erin A Graham, Ricardo E Mendes, Daniel R Rissi","doi":"10.1177/10406387251368304","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251368304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous ejection of tissues from body orifices is rare in veterinary medicine. Here we underscore the diagnostic value of tissues spontaneously ejected from the nose or mouth of 21 dogs and submitted for histologic evaluation at 3 veterinary diagnostic institutions. Cases were retrospectively searched (2000-2024) from the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, and Antech Diagnostics web-based archive systems. Affected dogs were adults (x̄ age = 9.5 y) of several breeds. There were 13 male (8 castrated, 5 intact) and 8 spayed female dogs. Clinical signs consisted mainly of sneezing (19 of 21 cases) and epistaxis (11 cases), with spontaneous ejection of red-to-brown and fleshy-or-spongy nodules from the nose (19 cases) or mouth (2). Histologically, lesions consisted of neoplasms (19 cases) or clusters of fibrinous or suppurative exudate with hemorrhage (2). Epithelial neoplasms consisted of carcinomas and adenocarcinomas (3 cases each), and squamous cell carcinoma and a presumed adenoma (1 case each). Mesenchymal neoplasms consisted of spindle-cell sarcomas (4 cases), presumed osteosarcomas (2), and a chondrosarcoma and a chondrosarcoma/chondroblastic osteosarcoma (1 case each). Round-cell neoplasms included a B-cell lymphoma, a presumed lymphoma, and a plasmacytoma (1 case each). The presence of nasal mucosa and turbinates was supportive of nasal tumor in 4 cases. Although the anatomic origin of neoplasms cannot be determined in all cases, tissues ejected from the nose or mouth can be suitable for a histologic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251368304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of a point-of-care molecular assay for simultaneous detection of the agents of American foulbrood and European foulbrood in apiaries.","authors":"Juhaeng Heo, Doo-Sung Cheon, Nyun-Ki Chung, Yongrae Kim, Dae-Yong Kim","doi":"10.1177/10406387251369898","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251369898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>American foulbrood (AFB) and European foulbrood (EFB), caused by <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i> and <i>Melissococcus plutonius</i>, respectively, are severe bacterial diseases that significantly affect honey bee health and productivity worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective disease management in apiaries. We developed and validated a multiplex point-of-care (POC) quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay that enables simultaneous and rapid detection of <i>P. larvae</i> and <i>M. plutonius</i> directly in apiaries. Our POC qPCR assay, using the XQ station (Postbio), had diagnostic sensitivity and specificity comparable to laboratory-based qPCR assays. For <i>P. larvae</i> detection, the POC qPCR assay had a sensitivity of 93% (56 of 60 samples) and specificity of 97% (97 of 100 samples). Similarly, for <i>M. plutonius</i>, sensitivity was 95% (59 of 62 samples) and specificity was 97% (97 of 100 samples). Our POC qPCR assay had analytical sensitivity comparable to that of laboratory-based qPCR assays, with a limit of detection of ~10² copies/reaction for both pathogens. Additionally, the assay had high analytical specificity, with no cross-reactivity against other common honey bee pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and <i>Vairimorpha ceranae</i>. Our POC qPCR assay consistently had lower cycle quantification values than the laboratory-based qPCR on the same samples, indicating robust detection capability even at low pathogen concentrations. Although not compared to a gold standard, our POC qPCR assay had reliable diagnostic performance. Our multiplex POC qPCR assay enables rapid, accurate pathogen detection in apiaries, thereby enhancing disease management and supporting sustainable, productive apiculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251369898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perirenal hemorrhage associated with feline infectious peritonitis: a novel presentation of a classic disease.","authors":"Madeleine I Gauthier, Carolyn Legge, Dayna A Goldsmith, Maria Bravo Araya, Jennifer L Davies","doi":"10.1177/10406387251341239","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251341239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by a mutated biotype of feline coronavirus (FCoV; <i>Coronaviridae</i>, <i>Alphacoronavirus</i>), is a significant disease of felids. We investigated perirenal hemorrhage, an unreported lesion in FIP, through a retrospective analysis of 51 immunohistochemistry-confirmed FIP cases submitted to the Diagnostic Services Unit (DSU; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada) between 2010 June 30 and 2024 June 30. Five cats had perirenal hemorrhage in the right retroperitoneal space; 4 had concurrent subcapsular renal hemorrhage; and 1 had sublumbar muscle hemorrhage and hemoabdomen. One case had additional hemorrhages in the brain and cervical spinal cord. Concurrent gross lesions typical of FIP included pyogranulomatous inflammation in various organs and protein-rich cavitary effusions. Histologic lesions typical of FIP (vasculitis and pyogranulomatous inflammation) were present in the kidneys and retroperitoneal fat of 4 cases, and in 3 cases, FCoV antigen was demonstrated in the regions of hemorrhage. The exact mechanism of this hemorrhage is unknown, but we speculate that vasculitis caused by FIP is the cause. Despite the relatively low prevalence of perirenal hemorrhage in this cohort, this lesion represents a unique, previously unreported manifestation of FIP that clinicians and pathologists should be aware of and consider in the differential diagnosis for fluid accumulation or space-occupying lesions in the retroperitoneum of cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"828-832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of amyloid deposits in exocrine pancreatic tumors in cats.","authors":"Niki Sedghi Masoud, Susumu Iwaide, Yoshiyuki Itoh, Miki Hisada, Tomoyuki Harada, Noboru Machida, Tomoaki Murakami","doi":"10.1177/10406387251343842","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251343842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some types of amyloidosis are observed as localized conditions associated with tumors, such as plasmacytoma and C-cell carcinoma. Although pancreatic endocrine tumors have been linked to amyloid deposition, the potential for amyloid formation in exocrine pancreatic tumors has remained unexplored in both animals and humans. We examined amyloid deposits in 24 feline cases of exocrine pancreatic tumors. Histologic analysis identified amyloid deposits in 8 cases, appearing as Congo red-positive amorphous material in the luminal corpora amylacea. Microdissection and mass spectrometry analysis of amyloid deposits from 5 cases identified lithostathine as the major component in 3 of the cases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of lithostathine in these deposits, identifying lithostathine-derived amyloid. Conversely, other cases had no consistent lithostathine positivity, indicating that multiple amyloidogenic proteins, not just lithostathine, may be involved in exocrine pancreatic tumor-associated amyloidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"779-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemorrhagic septicemia in the United States: molecular characterization of isolates and comparison to a global collection.","authors":"Kelli J Maddock, Brianna L S Stenger, Heidi L Pecoraro, Jill C Roberts, John Dustin Loy, Brett T Webb","doi":"10.1177/10406387251342528","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251342528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic septicemia-causing strains of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> are endemic in Asia and Africa, but naturally occurring hemorrhagic septicemia has not been described in livestock in the United States since 1993. There are 5 capsular types of <i>P. multocida</i>: A, B, D, E, and F. Two capsular types (B, E) cause hemorrhagic septicemia, whereas capsular types A and, to a lesser extent, D are associated with enzootic bovine pneumonia. Here we describe 2 naturally occurring cases of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by <i>P. multocida</i> capsular type B:3,4 in the United States, including molecular characterization of these strains, with a comparison to available reference strains and publicly available genomes of <i>P. multocida</i> capsular type B. Genomic analyses demonstrated that our case strains are similar to a strain isolated from New Jersey cattle in 1968 and to contemporaneous strains from New Zealand and Canada. These strains are different from those circulating globally, as demonstrated by the need to assign new sequence types for our isolates. Hemorrhagic septicemia appears to be re-emerging globally in countries that have not seen outbreaks in decades and may be poised for re-emergence in the United States given the identification of these novel strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"771-778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}