Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Systemic campylobacteriosis in an American crow chick.","authors":"Shotaro Nakagun, Carlo G Gonzalez Vera, Michelle Ysrael, Caroline E Moore","doi":"10.1177/10406387261418325","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261418325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wild, male American crow (<i>Corvus brachyrhynchos</i>) nestling found dead in a pond in San Diego, CA, USA, was submitted for postmortem examination. Autopsy revealed that the chick was markedly underweight for the presumed age with no grossly appreciable fat stores. The primary histologic finding was lymphocytic vasculitis throughout the cerebrum and optic tectum, with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis. The areas of inflammation were consistently associated with myriad, argyrophilic, curved bacilli with a characteristic \"seagull\" morphology. Additional significant findings included severe unilateral heterophilic and lymphohistiocytic pectoral myositis, with similar intralesional bacilli, and evidence of sepsis based on pancarditis, multifocal random hepatitis, and bilateral orchitis. Using conventional PCR and third-generation sequencing, the bacteria in the brain were identified as most closely related to <i>Campylobacter molothri</i>, a recently described species of <i>Campylobacter</i>. Our finding of a novel pathogen inducing encephalitis and sepsis in a wild bird highlights the utility of advanced molecular techniques in diagnostic pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"528-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral accessory tragi in a cat.","authors":"Florine Brun, Morgane Pertuis, Noëlle Cochet-Faivre, Edouard Reyes-Gomez","doi":"10.1177/10406387261417359","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261417359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An accessory tragus-a congenital malformation of part of the external ear-is an abnormal appendage developed from the first pharyngeal (or branchial) arch. In humans, an accessory tragus can be associated with other abnormalities as part of congenital malformative syndromes, most of which are transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode. Three cutaneous exophytic lesions were detected in the right preauricular region of a 2.5-y-old, castrated male European shorthair cat. Two of these lesions were submitted for histologic examination and were diagnosed as accessory tragi. They consisted of a vertical axis of loose collagenous tissue with hair follicles and sebaceous glands covered by a simple fold of epidermis. The epidermis was of normal thickness and slightly hyperpigmented. Only the pretragal lesion contained a central core of well-differentiated elastic cartilage. To our knowledge, accessory tragus has not been reported previously in cats and has been reported only once in veterinary medicine, in a dog with a solitary unilateral lesion. For pathologists, the diagnosis of this rare lesion may not be straightforward, especially if the cartilaginous core is absent or the location of the sample is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"537-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12883347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninferiority of cycle threshold values from 0.9% sterile saline compared with PBS as a collection medium for <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> RT-rtPCR testing.","authors":"Tyler M Jumper, Merrilee Thoresen, E Heath King, Duan S Loy, John Dustin Loy, David R Smith","doi":"10.1177/10406387261418210","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261418210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> infection can cause reproductive losses and subsequent economic losses in cow-calf herds. Our objective was to determine if 0.9% sterile saline (saline) was noninferior to PBS as a transport medium for <i>T. foetus</i> reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) testing. Transport tubes were prepared with either 1.6 mL of PBS with preputial washing (<i>n</i> = 30) or 1.6 mL of saline with preputial washing (<i>n</i> = 30) and inoculated at 3 different concentrations of <i>T. foetus</i> organisms (high = 100 org/100 µL; moderate = 10 org/100 µL; low = 1 org/100 µL) for a total volume of 1.7 mL/tube. Samples were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for RT-rtPCR analysis. The effect of concentration and medium on mean Ct values was tested using linear regression. Normalized means were used to conduct a noninferiority <i>t</i>-test, with a noninferiority margin of 1 Ct. For all analyses, α = 0.05. Mean Ct values (high = 18.5; moderate = 22.7; low = 30.4) differed by concentration (<i>p</i> <0.0001), whereas medium (<i>p</i> = 0.67) and the interaction of medium and concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.87) were not significant. The normalized mean Ct for PBS was 22.6 (min = 16.2; max = 27.0), and for saline was 22.8 (min = 20.9; max = 26.4). The normalized mean Ct of saline was noninferior to PBS (<i>p</i> = 0.037). The use of saline as a transport medium for <i>T. foetus</i> RT-rtPCR should not affect Ct results.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"496-499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracheal melanoma in a cat.","authors":"Ricardo E Mendes, Brian O Kirby, Katherine Kirby, Daniel R Rissi","doi":"10.1177/10406387261423951","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261423951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extraocular melanocytic neoplasms are rare in cats and occur mainly in the skin and oral cavity. Tracheal neoplasms are also rare in cats, with lymphoma being the most commonly reported tumor. Here, we describe a tracheal melanoma in an 8-y-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat that died after 8 d of cyanosis, dyspnea, and wheezing. Radiographic and tracheoscopy findings were consistent with a mid-tracheal obstruction. Gross findings consisted of a poorly demarcated, pale-yellow, 28 × 16 × 15-mm mass that effaced and expanded most of the mid trachea and partially occluded the tracheal lumen. Histologically, the mass was a poorly demarcated neoplasm that effaced the tracheal mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, and muscle layer and was partially surrounded by the tracheal adventitia. The tumor infiltrated and disrupted the tracheal cartilage and partially occluded the tracheal lumen. Neoplastic cells were elongate or polygonal and arranged in interweaving bundles or well-defined groups supported by a delicate stroma. Nuclei were round-to-oval and often irregular, with finely stippled chromatin with a prominent nucleolus. Rare neoplastic cells had brown cytoplasmic pigment that was black on Fontana-Masson stain. The mitotic count was 11 in 2.37 mm² (10 FN22/40× fields). Neoplastic cells had cytoplasmic immunolabeling for melan-A and PNL2, consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"491-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-emergence of equine glanders in Mongolia based on region-wide serosurveillance.","authors":"Batchuluun Enkhtuul, Ochirbat Khurtsbaatar, Baasansuren Lkham, Tumurtogtokh Agiimaa, Jugderkhorloo Unenbat, Burenbaatar Buyanbadrakh, Sugir Ninjbulgan, Borjigin Liushiqi, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Takashi Kimura, Vanaabaatar Batbaatar","doi":"10.1177/10406387261422668","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261422668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glanders, a zoonotic disease caused by <i>Burkholderia mallei</i>, has re-emerged in Mongolia after decades of control. We conducted nationwide serosurveillance from 2021 to 2024 to assess the prevalence and geographic distribution of glanders. Using random 3-stage cluster sampling, we collected 3,001 horse serum samples from 332 herds. Those herds were in 46 soums (administrative districts equivalent to counties) in 13 provinces and in 3 districts in Ulaanbaatar. Sera were tested using the complement fixation test, and positive results were confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA. Overall seroprevalence was 1.03% (95% CI: [0.7, 1.5]), with positive cases detected in 69.2% of provinces, 34.8% of soums, and 7.2% of herds. The highest prevalence was in the eastern region (2.5%), particularly in Sukhbaatar province (4.5%). None of the seropositive horses had clinical signs of infection. Compared with the 0.19% seroprevalence found in the 2011 nationwide surveillance program, our finding of a 5-fold increase (1.03%) indicates a resurgence of glanders. The likely drivers include reduced veterinary oversight and unrestricted equid movement for racing and breeding. Geographic and environmental factors may also influence transmission. Our results underscore the need for continued surveillance, movement control based on laboratory testing, and increased awareness among herders to prevent the further spread of glanders in Mongolia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"505-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i> spores in blood vessels in the brain of white New Zealand rabbits.","authors":"Alicia M Nevárez-Garza, Luis E Rodriguez-Tovar, Gustavo Hernández-Vidal, Daniel J Hernández-Barrera, Alma Y Arce-Mendoza, Adolfo Soto-Domínguez, Jennifer A González-Castillo","doi":"10.1177/10406387251409763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251409763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i> is a zoonotic mycotic pathogen that infects rabbits. When the host becomes infected, spores in the brain parenchyma cause severe granulomatous meningoencephalitis. The mechanisms by which spores reach the CNS are poorly understood. We divided 27 white New Zealand rabbits into 2 groups: 15 infected orally with 10⁶ spores and 12 uninfected controls. Animals were euthanized at 30 d post-infection (dpi). Histologically, spores were present within brain blood vessels at 30 dpi. To our knowledge, the localization of free <i>E. cuniculi</i> spores has not been demonstrated previously within blood vessels in the brain of rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"479-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> seroconversion in neonatal calves in an infected dairy herd attributable to ingestion of imported colostrum replacer rather than vertical transmission.","authors":"Ana Rabaza, Matías A Dorsch, Mark C Eisler, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Virginia Aráoz, Anderson Saravia, Darío Caffarena, Camila Ferrando, Alejandro Mendoza, Martín Fraga, Leticia Zarantonelli, Federico Giannitti","doi":"10.1177/10406387261426475","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261426475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April-June 2017, a cluster of 4 third-trimester abortions caused by <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> was diagnosed on a dairy farm with 356 Holstein cows in Uruguay. We investigated 1) the seroprevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cows delivering normal calves in this herd, 2) whether non-aborting cows gave birth to seropositive and/or PCR-positive newborn calves in the year of the abortion cluster, and 3) whether seronegative newborn calves seroconverted after ingesting colostrum replacer. In March-September 2017, serum samples were collected from 133 calving cows and their calves immediately after birth and before colostrum ingestion. All 266 sera were analyzed for anti-<i>C. burnetii</i> IgG by ELISA. Additionally, 179 blood samples from some of these animals (82 cows, 97 calves) were PCR-tested for <i>C. burnetii</i> DNA. Thirty of the 133 (22.5%) cows delivering normal calves were seropositive at parturition; 4 of 82 (4.9%) were PCR-positive. All calves tested at birth by ELISA and PCR were negative. Our results suggest that congenital infection is not an important route of <i>C. burnetii</i> transmission to live-born calves in this herd. We observed that 76 of 80 (95%) seronegative newborn calves in 2021 became seropositive for anti-<i>C. burnetii</i> IgG at 24-h-old after drinking an imported commercial colostrum replacer, which could confound seroepidemiologic surveys in herds using colostrum replacers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"446-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major histocompatibility complex class II expression on CD14^pos cells in canine peripheral blood across various hematologic disorders-a preliminary study.","authors":"Javier Martínez-Caro, Beatriz Agulla, Marta Lemos, Josep Pastor","doi":"10.1177/10406387251415418","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251415418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocytes are key cells of the immune system; various cell subsets have distinct phenotypic characteristics and functions. We characterized canine monocyte subsets in different hematologic disorders by analyzing peripheral blood cells for their expression of CD14 and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). Flow cytometry data of canine blood samples were evaluated retrospectively. We assigned 132 total cases to one of the following categories: healthy, inflammatory, T-zone lymphoma/leukemia (TZL), T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell CLL, T-cell stage V lymphoma (SVL), B-cell SVL, acute lymphoblastic or undifferentiated leukemia (ALL/AUL), or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed age, sex, breed, light scatter properties, WBC count, CD14^pos cells, CD14^posMHCII^pos cells, CD14^posMHCII^neg cells, and the CD14^posMHCII^pos/CD14^posMHCII^neg ratio. All groups were compared with the healthy group. In healthy dogs, CD14^posMHCII^pos cells were larger and had a more complex internal structure than CD14^posMHCII^neg cells. Absolute numbers of CD14^posMHCII^neg cells were significantly increased in all groups except the TZL and B-cell SVL groups. Absolute numbers of CD14^posMHCII^pos cells were significantly increased in the T-cell CLL, B-cell CLL, and T-cell SVL groups, mildly increased in the inflammatory and TZL groups, and decreased in the ALL/AUL group. The CD14^posMHCII^pos/CD14^posMHCII^neg ratio was markedly decreased in both acute leukemia groups, being <1 in all cases and usually close to 0. We found significant changes in canine monocyte subsets in different hematologic conditions. To our knowledge, a decreased CD14^posMHCII^pos/CD14^posMHCII^neg ratio has not been identified previously as a hallmark of acute leukemia in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"391-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel frameshift variant in exon 7 of <i>COL17A1</i> in a domestic shorthair kitten with junctional epidermolysis bullosa.","authors":"Devin Fussell, Meghan Leber, Michael W Vandewege, Joshua A Stern, Kathryn M Meurs, Abigail R Armwood, Ina Herrmann","doi":"10.1177/10406387251414540","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251414540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a congenital blistering skin disorder with clefting within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone. We describe the clinical and morphologic features of JEB in a 4-mo-old domestic shorthair kitten and identify the underlying genetic variant. The kitten was presented with blistering lesions affecting friction-prone areas of haired skin, mucocutaneous junctions, and oral mucosa. Histopathology revealed extensive subepidermal cleft formation in affected tissues. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining showed a thin, PAS-positive line along the dermal side of the cleft, consistent with retention of the lamina densa. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed separation at the level of the lamina lucida with intact basal keratinocytes. Whole genome sequencing identified a homozygous 2-bp deletion in exon 7 of <i>COL17A1</i>, predicted to result in loss of function and disrupted binding domains. Our findings support a diagnosis of JEB associated with a novel <i>COL17A1</i> variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"523-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing African horse sickness virus detection: comparing and adapting PCR assays.","authors":"Lisa Penzhorn, Jan E Crafford, Alan J Guthrie","doi":"10.1177/10406387261417355","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261417355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African horse sickness (AHS) is the only equine disease for which the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) gives official disease-free status, given that it poses a major threat to the equine industry. The disease is caused by AHS virus (AHSV; family <i>Sedoreoviridae</i>, taxon species <i>Orbivirus alphaequi</i>), which is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a rapid, sensitive detection method used in the diagnosis of AHS and the certification of animals as negative for AHSV for the purpose of movement. Genetic variability of AHSV may influence the accuracy of RT-qPCR detection methods because of possible mispriming and/or probe binding failures. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the current WOAH-recommended RT-qPCR assays for the detection of AHSV, namely the Agüero et al. and Guthrie et al. methods. Utilizing 150 AHSV-positive diagnostic samples, we performed in vitro analysis using both assays. The Agüero assay failed to detect AHSV in 13 samples (8.7% false-negative rate). The AHSV VP7 genes of the 13 negative samples, and publicly archived sequences were used to perform in silico analysis, and we incorporated minor changes into the primers and probes of modified Guthrie and modified Agüero assays. A second in vitro analysis yielded 100% sensitivity for both assays. Differences in both the in silico and in vitro analyses highlight the need for continuous monitoring of the efficacy of molecular protocols used for the detection of AHSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"437-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}