Juhaeng Heo, Dae-Sung Yoo, Doo-Sung Cheon, Yongrae Kim, Dae-Yong Kim
{"title":"Prevalence of pathogens in abnormal honey bees in South Korea, 2020-2023.","authors":"Juhaeng Heo, Dae-Sung Yoo, Doo-Sung Cheon, Yongrae Kim, Dae-Yong Kim","doi":"10.1177/10406387241299868","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241299868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>South Korea's beekeeping industry has been facing a major crisis due to colony collapse disorder (CCD), manifesting since the winter of 2021. CCD in South Korea is presumed to be caused by a combination of factors, including an abnormal climate, pesticide use, declining source plants, and increased honey bee diseases. We examined the prevalence of 12 major honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) pathogens by sampling 3,707 colonies with abnormal behavior and suspected pathogen infections from 1,378 apiaries nationwide between 2020 and 2023. Black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), and <i>Vairimorpha</i> (<i>Nosema</i>) <i>ceranae</i> had the highest infection rates among honey bees in South Korea. BQCV had the highest infection rate (83.3% in 2023) and was highly prevalent throughout the year, regardless of the season. DWV (48.7%) and IAPV (41.3%) had the highest infection rates in October-December, corresponding to the winter season. Among the 12 honey bee pathogens, acute bee paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus were rarely detected; the remaining 10 honey bee pathogens were detected throughout the year. The differences in honey bee pathogen prevalence among regions were not significant. We suggest that South Korean honey bees are highly exposed to viral pathogens, possibly resulting in the loss of unhealthy honey bees during the winter. Our study is expected to help identify trends in the occurrence of honey bee pathogens in South Korea and predict outbreaks to prepare a prevention system and appropriate control measures for honey bee pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11701899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"E. P. Pope Memorial Award for 2024 to Dr. Kristy Pabilonia.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10406387241309393","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241309393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":"37 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Neufang, Joseph Ramos, Shigetoshi Eda, Bente Flatland, Luca Giori
{"title":"Initial development of a rapid, portable, stall-side ELISA for the measurement of equine adrenocorticotropic hormone.","authors":"Lisa Neufang, Joseph Ramos, Shigetoshi Eda, Bente Flatland, Luca Giori","doi":"10.1177/10406387241285453","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241285453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a neurodegenerative disease of senior horses. Loss of dopaminergic inhibition of the melanotropes of the pars intermedia leads to increased concentrations of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides. Diagnosis is challenging due to pre-analytical variables, such as sample storage, handling, and time to analysis. Our objective was to develop an ELISA for ACTH measurement, which could ultimately form the basis for a stall-side equine ACTH test. We selected 2 ACTH-specific monoclonal antibodies, CBL57 and EPR20361-248, based on the recognition of separate epitopes, strong and rapid color change, and minimal background interference, including no cross-reactivity with themselves, each other, and the test reagents. CBL57 was chosen as the detection antibody (or secondary antibody). EPR20361-248, functionalized on superparamagnetic iron oxide beads, was chosen as the capture antibody (or primary antibody) to bind ACTH in plasma. The incorporation of magnetic beads marks the initial stage in establishing a platform that could potentially be utilized in the field, similar to other stall-side tests. The concentrations of antibodies, magnetic beads, and incubation durations were optimized. Our immunoassay detected unglycosylated rat recombinant ACTH. Further studies are ongoing to optimize and validate our assay using equine plasma and serum samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"208-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christof A Bertram, Taryn A Donovan, Beate Bertram, Julia Sabara, Robert Klopfleisch
{"title":"Neoplasia in pet guinea pigs: a retrospective analysis of 2,474 autopsy examinations.","authors":"Christof A Bertram, Taryn A Donovan, Beate Bertram, Julia Sabara, Robert Klopfleisch","doi":"10.1177/10406387241288642","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241288642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neoplasia is a common disease in guinea pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>); however, few studies have evaluated the prevalence of neoplasia in all organ systems. We retrospectively analyzed the tumor prevalence in pet guinea pigs and the frequency of metastasis in a multi-institutional study population of 2,474 autopsy cases. Tumors were found in 508 guinea pigs (prevalence: 20.5%), of which 95 cases had >1 tumor, resulting in a total of 627 tumors. The tumor prevalence increased from 1.4% in animals <0.5-y-old to 53.6% for guinea pigs >5-y-old. The most common tumor type was lymphoma or leukemia, affecting 174 guinea pigs (tumor prevalence: 7.0%). Lymphomas or leukemias were disseminated to various organs and/or lymph nodes in 146 (83.9%) cases and localized to 1 organ or 1 lymph node in 28 (16.1%) cases. Primary non-lymphoid tumors were most frequent in the female genital tract (62 of 1,235 cases, mostly uterus), respiratory system (116 of 2,474), skin including mammary gland (81 of 2,474), endocrine system (66 of 2,474, mostly thyroid gland), and alimentary tract (35 of 2,474). Tumors of the alimentary tract were dominated by gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Metastasis was detected in 42 of 453 non-lymphoid tumors (9.3%), with a surprisingly low frequency for pulmonary carcinoma and splenic hemangiosarcoma compared to other species. Our postmortem study demonstrates a high prevalence of disseminated lymphoma or leukemia in pet guinea pigs at the time of death or euthanasia. Additional studies are needed to further characterize these tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Mainenti, Christopher Siepker, Drew R Magstadt, Phillip Gauger, David Baum, Barbara Petersen, Taylor Aubrey, Katie Sett, Eric R Burrough
{"title":"Distribution of lesions and detection of influenza A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, in ante- and postmortem samples from naturally infected domestic cats on U.S. dairy farms.","authors":"Marta Mainenti, Christopher Siepker, Drew R Magstadt, Phillip Gauger, David Baum, Barbara Petersen, Taylor Aubrey, Katie Sett, Eric R Burrough","doi":"10.1177/10406387241300464","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241300464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, was detected in dairy cows in the United States, and at the same time in resident cats on affected farms. To help guide sample collection and diagnosis in cats, here we report the distribution of lesions and detection of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A virus (IAV) infection by PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and serology in samples from 4 deceased and 2 living cats from 3 separate affected dairy farms. Although gross lesions were not diagnostic, histologically, all 4 deceased cats had nonsuppurative and necrotizing encephalitis and subtle interstitial pneumonia, and some also had significant myocarditis (3 of 4), chorioretinitis (2 of 4), and sialadenitis (1 of 2). The virus was detected by IHC in the aforementioned tissues, and by PCR in each brain (Ct = 9.9-25.1), lung (17.4-32.7), oropharyngeal swab (28.3-30.5), urine (30.3-34.4), and nasal swab (33.5-34.1) collected postmortem; fecal swabs were PCR-negative. In the antemortem samples, the virus was detected by PCR in the oropharyngeal swabs (34.1-36.1), whole-blood samples (30.8-36.6), and one serum sample (31.7). Seroconversion was detected in one cat. Our results support histologic evaluation of brain, lung, eyes, and heart, and PCR testing of brain and lung for postmortem diagnosis, and show that oropharyngeal swabs, urine, serum, and whole blood are suitable samples for antemortem detection of IAV infection in clinically affected cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"E. P. Pope Memorial Award for 2024 to Dr. Kristy Pabilonia.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10406387241309393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387241309393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387241309393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer L Davies, Lindsay Rogers, Dayna Goldsmith, Grace P S Kwong, Carolyn Legge, Erin Zachar
{"title":"Real-time pathologist-assisted field postmortem examinations of beef cattle.","authors":"Jennifer L Davies, Lindsay Rogers, Dayna Goldsmith, Grace P S Kwong, Carolyn Legge, Erin Zachar","doi":"10.1177/10406387241269043","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241269043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postmortem examination of deceased production animals with appropriate ancillary testing is fundamental to determining causes of morbidity and mortality. Reaching a definitive diagnosis is crucial to evidence-based herd management and treatment decisions that safeguard animal health and welfare, food safety, and human health. However, for a range of reasons, carcasses sometimes cannot be examined in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. As a result, postmortem examinations of farmed animals, including cattle, are often performed on-farm by the referring veterinarian (rVet) with tissue samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for ancillary testing. For various reasons, field postmortems can be associated with lower diagnostic rates. We investigated real-time pathologist-assisted field postmortem examination (rtPAP) assistance to beef cattle rVets to gauge any improvement in attaining a final diagnosis. We found that rtPAPs improved the success of reaching a final diagnosis compared to unassisted field postmortem examinations. Both the participating bovine rVets and the pathologists saw benefits to the rtPAPs, with bovine rVets indicating that they would utilize this service in the future if available. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrated the positive role of rtPAPs in diagnosing beef cattle disease and speaks to the need for telepathology services supporting food animal rVets and producers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"799-803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel R Rissi, Ricardo E Mendes, Claudio S L Barros
{"title":"The artifact of cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination in veterinary medicine: a brief historical perspective and review.","authors":"Daniel R Rissi, Ricardo E Mendes, Claudio S L Barros","doi":"10.1177/10406387241270024","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241270024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination is a tissue artifact associated with postmortem autolysis that causes cerebellar granule cell changes once thought to be caused by degeneration and necrosis. Granule cell layer conglutination has been reported mainly in humans and cattle and rarely in other animal species, but its frequency remains vastly unknown in veterinary medicine, mostly because this postmortem change is typically not recorded in autopsy reports. Pathology trainees should be aware of autolytic tissue changes that may mimic pathologic changes in the CNS, particularly when those changes are highly selective for a specific cell population within the cerebellar cortex. Here we provide a brief historical perspective on the evolution of cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination from \"enzootic cerebellar necrosis,\" a presumed necrotic lesion affecting granule neurons in humans and cattle, to a tissue change associated with postmortem autolysis and increased tissue acidity in the cerebellum. We also provide an update on the animal species in which cerebellar granule cell layer conglutination has been observed during our diagnostic pathology routine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"933-936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel R Rissi, Amy S McKinney, Jillian D Fishburn, Ricardo E Mendes, Binu T Velayudhan
{"title":"Comparison of fluorescent antibody test, immunohistochemistry, and PCR testing for diagnostic confirmation of neurolisteriosis in 25 goats.","authors":"Daniel R Rissi, Amy S McKinney, Jillian D Fishburn, Ricardo E Mendes, Binu T Velayudhan","doi":"10.1177/10406387241273426","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241273426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurolisteriosis, a common disease of small ruminants, is most often caused by <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. Here we describe 25 cases of caprine neurolisteriosis diagnosed in our laboratory over a 5-y period and compare our fluorescent antibody test (FAT) results with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for diagnostic confirmation. Neurohistologic changes consistent with neurolisteriosis affected the pons in all cases, extending rostrally to the mesencephalon in 6 cases, caudally to the medulla oblongata in 6 cases, and/or dorsally to the cerebellum in 4 cases. Acute inflammatory changes were observed in 17 cases, and included neuroparenchymal microabscesses, neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia, axonal swelling, microgliosis and astrogliosis, and perivascular neutrophils with macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells that occasionally extended to the leptomeninges. Subacute-to-chronic changes (8 cases) consisted of neuroparenchymal and perivascular clusters of macrophages with rare neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells admixed with glial nodules. Bacterial bacilli were observed within neutrophils or macrophages in H&E-stained tissue sections in 4 cases. Gram stain highlighted gram-positive bacilli in 13 cases. Neurolisteriosis was confirmed by FAT in 2 cases, by IHC in 19 cases, and by PCR in 20 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"896-901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel R Rissi, Andrew D Miller, Heather Daverio, Elena A Demeter, Molly E Church, Taryn A Donovan
{"title":"Rostral cranial fossa and sinonasal neoplasms with cribriform plate involvement in 32 dogs and 17 cats.","authors":"Daniel R Rissi, Andrew D Miller, Heather Daverio, Elena A Demeter, Molly E Church, Taryn A Donovan","doi":"10.1177/10406387241267899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241267899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rostral cranial fossa (RCF) consists of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, which accommodate the olfactory bulbs and nerves along the recesses of the cribriform plate. Neoplasms located in the vicinities of the RCF can compress and/or invade the cribriform plate. Here we describe the clinical and pathologic findings of neoplasms involving the cribriform plate in 32 dogs and 17 cats autopsied over a 13-y period. The average ages of affected dogs and cats were 9.2 y and 9.7 y, respectively. No sex or breed predisposition was evident in dogs, but 13 of 18 cats were spayed females and 14 of 18 were domestic shorthair cats. The main clinical signs were seizures (10 cases) and epistaxis (5 cases) in dogs, and red-to-brown nasal discharge (5 cases) and seizures (4 cases) in cats. In dogs, the 22 sinonasal neoplasms included adenocarcinoma (14 cases), transitional carcinoma (4), squamous cell carcinoma (2), lymphoma (1), and histiocytic sarcoma (1); the 10 intracranial neoplasms consisted of high-grade gliomas (3 cases), psammomatous meningiomas (2), histiocytic sarcomas (2), olfactory neuroblastomas (2), and a meningeal granular cell tumor (1). In cats, the 14 sinonasal neoplasms included lymphoma (8 cases), adenocarcinoma (4), adenosquamous carcinoma (1), and squamous cell carcinoma (1); the 3 intracranial neoplasms consisted of oligodendroglioma (1), transitional meningioma (1), and olfactory neuroblastoma (1).</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"925-932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}