{"title":"A fast molecular tool for sexing Gibber Italicus, song thrush, and redwing birds.","authors":"Emanuele D'Anza, Sara Albarella, Ilaria Cascone, Mariagiulia Pugliano, Francesca Ciotola, Vincenzo Peretti","doi":"10.1177/10406387251323555","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251323555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gibber Italicus, song thrush (<i>Turdus philomelus</i>), and redwing (<i>Turdus iliacus</i>) are 3 bird species in which sexual dimorphism is not readily apparent. Therefore, molecular sexing is a valuable tool for breeding, selection, and conservation purposes. We compared DNA extraction by commercial kit and an alkaline method from feathers, then developed a molecular method for sexing these species using the P2/P8 and CHD1F/CHD1R primer pairs. Both protocols were successful in extracting DNA; the alkaline method is more cost-effective, whereas the commercial kit protocol is easier to standardize. All DNA samples were successfully amplified using both the P2/P8 and CHD1F/1R primer pairs. The use of the CHD1F/1R primer pair is notably advantageous as it produces fragments of different lengths of the sex chromosomes, making them easily distinguishable via electrophoresis. The sequence analysis of the amplicons obtained with the CHD1F/1R primer pair revealed specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms for song thrush and redwing, which could be used as markers to differentiate between the 2 species if required.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"620-624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 in wild boar in Serbia.","authors":"Sofija Šolaja, Dimitrije Glišić, Vesna Milićević","doi":"10.1177/10406387251325534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251325534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) are prevalent pathogens that are economically important to the global swine industry. We investigated the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in eastern Serbia by analyzing 166 wild boar samples with a real-time PCR assay. The cumulative prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 was 72.7%, with true prevalence estimates of 59.2% for PCV2, 49.0% for PCV3, and 31.0% for coinfection. We found higher prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the Južnobanatski district compared to previous reports, likely due to differences in detection methods and the inclusion of liver samples. Backyard farms, with free-ranging animals and natural breeding, dominate eastern Serbia, facilitating frequent interactions between wild and domestic pigs. The overlap between backyard and commercial farming practices, along with high wild boar densities and cross-border movements, likely facilitate viral transmission. These conditions, coupled with inadequate biosecurity measures, such as swill feeding and improper disposal of offal, amplify the risk for viral dissemination, with significant implications for spillover into domestic pig populations. Enhanced biosecurity and monitoring strategies are crucial to mitigate the risk of pathogen transmission between wild and domestic pig populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"674-678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SaraBeth Boggan, Ryan B Williams, Jennifer H Koziol
{"title":"Evaluating the stability of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> in various media under simulated environmental conditions of shipment for RT-qPCR assays.","authors":"SaraBeth Boggan, Ryan B Williams, Jennifer H Koziol","doi":"10.1177/10406387251330297","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251330297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> is a notable reproductive pathogen in cattle, and the processes of sample collection, handling, transportation, and testing present considerable challenges for surveillance initiatives. Advancements include the development of a direct detection method for <i>T. foetus</i> using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR. We compared the stability of samples in 3 different media: PBS, sterile saline, and lactated Ringer solution over periods of 24-120 h, with storage temperatures of 0°C, 20°C, 37°C, and 54.5°C to mimic shipping of samples in various environmental temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"592-596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darian L Giannino, Mason C Jager, Hannah Brodlie, Rory C Chien
{"title":"Myofibroblast differentiation in a cat with eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia involving mesenteric lymph nodes and liver.","authors":"Darian L Giannino, Mason C Jager, Hannah Brodlie, Rory C Chien","doi":"10.1177/10406387251339813","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251339813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FESF) is a unique fibroproliferative disease of cats marked by eosinophilic inflammation and extensive tissue fibroplasia that affects the gastrointestinal tract predominantly. Biopsy specimens were examined from an 11-y-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat with a 1-2-mo history of vomiting and anorexia, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and multiple hepatic nodules. Microscopically, the liver nodules and enlarged mesenteric lymph node had profound eosinophilic inflammation and sclerosis characteristic of FESF; the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were unremarkable. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to further characterize the cell populations. Increased intralesional mesenchymal cells, interpreted as reactive fibroblasts, were positive with antibodies against smooth muscle actin (SMA), indicating a myofibroblast phenotype. Abundant intralesional macrophages were ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) immunolabeled. Dual IHC of SMA and IBA1 revealed several double-positive mesenchymal cells, suggesting macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). Our findings underscore the important role of macrophages not only in chronic inflammation, but also in tissue repair and fibrosis. Our case was a unique presentation of FESF with primary liver and mesenteric lymph node involvement, and without overt gastrointestinal lesions. Additionally, to our knowledge, myofibroblast phenoconversion and MMT have not been reported previously in cats, giving new insights to the pathogenesis of this poorly understood disease entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"705-711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew C Brown, Meriam N Saleh, J Mack Fudge, Mary B Nabity, Guilherme G Verocai
{"title":"<i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> antigen detection in the urine of dogs with known and unknown infection status.","authors":"Andrew C Brown, Meriam N Saleh, J Mack Fudge, Mary B Nabity, Guilherme G Verocai","doi":"10.1177/10406387251327415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251327415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine heartworm, <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, causes a potentially fatal, multisystemic disease in dogs. Diagnosis of heartworm disease relies on serologic antigen detection and microfilariae identification. Immune-complex dissociation (ICD) of serum or plasma by heat treatment increases detection. We assessed urine as a sample for heartworm antigen detection in dogs with known and unknown infection status using a commercial ELISA. Twenty-nine matching serum or plasma and urine samples were collected from 20 experimentally infected dogs to assess antigen detection in urine. Matching serum and urine samples of 267 dogs admitted to a spay/neuter clinic with unknown infection status were also screened. In experimentally infected dogs, antigenemia was detected in 86% of samples pre-ICD and 91% post-ICD; antigenuria was detected in 76% pre-ICD and 72% post-ICD; differences were not statistically significant. In clinic samples, antigenemia was detected in 7.9% of dogs pre-ICD and 12.4% post-ICD; antigenuria was detected in 11.6% of dogs pre-ICD and 6.4% post-ICD. In experimental infection samples, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive predictive value of antigenuria were high (85%, 100%, 100%, respectively). In clinic samples, Se and negative predictive value were high (95% and 92%, respectively). Our data confirm that heartworm antigen can be detected in the urine of dogs with both experimental heartworm infections and with unknown infection status. However, antigenuria had high Sp and low Se compared to matching serum of clinic dog samples and urine cannot be recommended for routine screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"584-591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gauthier Terrade, Valentine Muller, Gaël Berthévas, Hélène Huet, Edouard Reyes-Gomez
{"title":"Subcutaneous mast cell tumor with nodal metastasis in a serotine bat.","authors":"Gauthier Terrade, Valentine Muller, Gaël Berthévas, Hélène Huet, Edouard Reyes-Gomez","doi":"10.1177/10406387251324717","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251324717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A subcutaneous tumor was identified in the lateral neck of a wild adult serotine bat (<i>Eptesicus serotinus</i>). Histologic examination revealed a non-encapsulated, poorly demarcated, densely cellular and infiltrative round-cell neoplasm, with cytonuclear atypia and a high mitotic count. Neoplastic cells had numerous Giemsa-positive metachromatic intracytoplasmic granules leading to a diagnosis of subcutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for KIT with a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern, confirming the mastocytic origin. The tumor had histologic features suggestive of malignant behavior, which was confirmed by the metastatic mast cells in the regional lymph node adjacent to the tumor. MCT has not been reported previously in a chiropteran species, to our knowledge. Based on this case, MCTs in this species have malignant potential, and their diagnosis may require additional stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results support further investigation regarding the utility and prognostic value of KIT IHC in bats in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"630-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human hepatoma HepG2 cells are susceptible to infection by domestic cat hepadnavirus.","authors":"Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani, Tanit Kasantikul, Chutchai Piewbang, Somporn Techangamsuwan","doi":"10.1177/10406387251339765","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251339765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCHBV; <i>Hepadnaviridae</i>, <i>Orthohepadnavirus felisdomestici</i>) is a hepadnavirus identified in domestic cats that is associated with liver conditions that resemble hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in humans. Despite its significance for feline health, research on DCHBV has been hindered due to the absence of suitable in vitro models, particularly the lack of feline hepatocyte cell lines. We found that cells of the human-derived hepatoma cell line, HepG2, were susceptible to DCHBV infection. DCHBV DNA and RNA were detected from the infected HepG2 cells at 48 h postinfection; DCHBV core protein and viral particles were detected within the infected cells. No significant enhancement of viral infection was observed by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or dexamethasone to the culture medium. However, higher levels of viral uptake were noted at 4 d postinfection when using a concentrated viral inoculum. Although HepG2 cells supported initial DCHBV infection, viral load declined over time during serial infection experiments. The DCHBV infection of HepG2 cells is limited and declines over successive passages, potentially due to insufficient cellular factors for sustained viral replication. Our findings establish a foundation for further investigations of DCHBV biology and highlight the necessity for identifying alternative cell lines to improve long-term infection models.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"609-619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo E Mendes, Weerapong Laovechprasit, Sarah M Schneider, Daniel R Rissi
{"title":"Cutaneous and subcutaneous fibrolipomas in 236 dogs, 2017-2024: a retrospective case series and comparative review.","authors":"Ricardo E Mendes, Weerapong Laovechprasit, Sarah M Schneider, Daniel R Rissi","doi":"10.1177/10406387251328600","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251328600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrolipoma is a well-recognized benign neoplasm composed of adipocytes transected by fibrous connective tissue, but large population studies on these neoplasms are lacking in veterinary medicine. We retrospectively searched for canine cutaneous and subcutaneous fibrolipomas submitted to the surgical diagnostic pathology service of the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Athens, GA, USA) between 2017 and 2024. We retrieved 236 neoplasms from 64,560 biopsies. The median age of affected patients was 8 y (±2.8 y), with an average tumor size of 2.9 cm (±2.3 cm). The head was the location affected most commonly (31.9% of cases), followed by the carpal area (10.3%), elbow (9.9%), thorax (6.9%), and abdominal wall (5.6%). Most cases were classified as cutaneous (90%). Compared with the total number of biopsy submissions, castrated male (46.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.013) and Labrador Retriever (23%; <i>p</i> = 0.047) dogs were affected most often.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"684-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Pasteurella canis-</i>associated bronchopneumonia in a 17-week-old Rottweiler and literature review.","authors":"Frank V Pellegrini, Lorelei L Clarke","doi":"10.1177/10406387251325161","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251325161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 17-wk-old male Rottweiler puppy was found dead 2 d after being presented with coughing and lethargy. Gross and histopathologic findings were consistent with fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia, and <i>Pasteurella canis</i> was isolated on culture of the lung. <i>Mycoplasma cynos</i> was identified by PCR testing of the lung in this case and may have contributed to the development of the pneumonia. <i>P. canis</i> is not a commonly recognized cause of canine bronchopneumonia but likely has a role in the canine respiratory disease complex. <i>P canis</i> is a known cause of pneumonia in other species with similar histologic findings, including humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"643-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}