Jeongha Lee, Meena Braden, Anibal Guillermo Armien Medianero, Francisco A Uzal, Ganwu Li, Daniel B Paulsen, Mariano Carossino
{"title":"Fatal gastric amebiasis in a Linnaeus's two-toed sloth associated with <i>Naegleria australiensis</i> infection.","authors":"Jeongha Lee, Meena Braden, Anibal Guillermo Armien Medianero, Francisco A Uzal, Ganwu Li, Daniel B Paulsen, Mariano Carossino","doi":"10.1177/10406387241268315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241268315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we describe a case of fatal amebic gastritis associated with <i>Naegleria australiensis</i> infection in an 11-mo-old Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (<i>Choloepus didactylus</i>). The sloth had a history of weight loss and intermittent diarrhea for 18 d, and subsequently died despite empirical treatment. Postmortem findings included emaciation, gastric dilation with fluid content, and fibrinonecrotic gastritis with intralesional amebic trophozoites and cysts in the glandular region of the fundus. Transmission electron microscopy ruled out <i>Amoebozoa</i> of the family <i>Entamoebidae</i> based on the presence of mitochondria in the amoeboid organisms. PCR for pan-free-living amebae followed by next-generation sequencing of the PCR product revealed 99% identity with <i>Naegleria australiensis</i>. Gastric amebiasis has been reported sporadically in macropods and in leaf-eating monkeys with a sacculated stomach. To our knowledge, gastric amebiasis has not been reported previously in a sloth, which also has a sacculated and multi-chambered stomach.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"915-920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana C A Lima, Eduarda R Braga, Ana K Panneitz, Fernando A M Petri, João H T Castro, Rafael Gonçalves Dias, Luís G de Oliveira
{"title":"Detection of anti-<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> antibodies in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil.","authors":"Ana C A Lima, Eduarda R Braga, Ana K Panneitz, Fernando A M Petri, João H T Castro, Rafael Gonçalves Dias, Luís G de Oliveira","doi":"10.1177/10406387241265986","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241265986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> is the causative bacterium of porcine enzootic pneumonia and one of the primary etiologic agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. Most Brazilian commercial pig farms are positive for this pathogen. However, the prevalence of the pathogen in backyard pig farms has not been described, to our knowledge. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> in backyard pig farms in the state of Paraná, Brazil. In January-March 2020, we collected 585 serum samples from pigs in 187 non-vaccinated herds. We tested the sera with an indirect ELISA for anti-<i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> antibodies and found that 182 of 585 (31.1%) samples were positive, and were found in 109 of 187 (58.3%) herds assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"907-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge P García, Victoria M Tambella, Sofía E Cantatore, Juan A García, Belén M Riccio, Hernán C Moscuzza, Margarita V Rivulgo, Juan J Rosatti, Paula Viviani, Francisco A Uzal
{"title":"A congenital periocular leiomyosarcoma in a dairy calf.","authors":"Jorge P García, Victoria M Tambella, Sofía E Cantatore, Juan A García, Belén M Riccio, Hernán C Moscuzza, Margarita V Rivulgo, Juan J Rosatti, Paula Viviani, Francisco A Uzal","doi":"10.1177/10406387241275988","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241275988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mass was removed surgically from the right orbit of a 1-d-old Holstein calf. Grossly, the mass filled the rostral part of an enlarged orbit and compressed the globe toward the caudal pole of the orbit. The brown, 6-cm tumor had central yellow and brown areas, and a smooth, glistening cut surface. Microscopically, the neoplasm was highly cellular and composed of spindle cells arranged in irregular, broad, interlacing streams and bundles, forming a herringbone pattern and supported by a sparse collagenous matrix. Neoplastic cells infiltrated surrounding soft tissues and compressed the globe. The neoplastic cells had positive immunolabeling for α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and vimentin, and negative immunolabeling for factor VIII, myoglobin, cytokeratin, and skeletal muscle actin. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results confirmed a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. To our knowledge, congenital periocular leiomyosarcoma has not been reported in cattle previously. This rare tumor could be included as a differential diagnosis in newborn calves with periocular masses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"937-940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abby Hagelskamp, Amelia G White, Jeremy Gallman, Cierra Starbird, Rachel L A L T Neto
{"title":"Pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis syndrome in a dog with hyalinizing pancreatic adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Abby Hagelskamp, Amelia G White, Jeremy Gallman, Cierra Starbird, Rachel L A L T Neto","doi":"10.1177/10406387241267870","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241267870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-y-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of recurrent chronic abscesses on the distal pelvic limbs, fever, lethargy, lameness of unknown etiology, and chronic pancreatitis. Sterile nodular panniculitis was diagnosed after an extensive workup, and the dog initially responded to immunosuppressive therapy, but relapse and spread of cutaneous lesions and acute lameness occurred after 11 mo, and euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination confirmed hyalinizing pancreatic adenocarcinoma with pancreatitis, panniculitis, polyarthritis (PPP), and osteomyelitis. Histopathology and bacterial and fungal cultures were supportive of a sterile process, specifically the PPP syndrome, which is a rare, potentially life-threatening, systemic manifestation of pancreatic disease in both people and animals. To our knowledge, a clinicopathologic description of a hyalinizing pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated with this rare syndrome has not been reported previously in a dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"886-890"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen H Tinh, Nguyen V Hop, Pham T Phuong, Trinh L H Tam, Nguyen B Quoc, Trinh H Son, Anh P N Bui
{"title":"Novel genotyping assay for a 212-kb deletion from the <i>BBS9</i> gene, and frequency of the allele in pig populations in Vietnam.","authors":"Nguyen H Tinh, Nguyen V Hop, Pham T Phuong, Trinh L H Tam, Nguyen B Quoc, Trinh H Son, Anh P N Bui","doi":"10.1177/10406387241282082","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241282082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piglet lethality is one of the major concerns in pig breeding programs. Deletion of a 212-kb region within the Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9 (<i>BBS9</i>) gene has been linked to a reduction in the number of piglets born alive per litter. The <i>BBS9</i> mutant gene carrier-by-carrier mating scheme could result in mummification of piglets carrying 2 copies of the <i>BBS9</i> mutant allele, which ultimately affects the reproductive performance of the sow. Our aim was to develop a simple, rapid, and cost-efficient method that could be applied in a <i>BBS9</i> mutant gene carrier screening program in low- and middle-income countries within basic laboratory settings. Here, we report an optimized multiplex PCR assay that we have established successfully for detection of a 212-kb deletion within the <i>BBS9</i> genomic sequence. We genotyped 420 animals from Yorkshire, Duroc, and Landrace purebred populations in Vietnam. We found that while the <i>BBS9</i> mutant allele was not identified in Duroc pigs, the frequency of <i>BBS9</i> carriers was 10% in both Yorkshire and Landrace populations. We subsequently validated our results using Sanger sequencing. Our multiplex PCR method could be utilized as a <i>BBS9</i> screening test in pig breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"847-851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass spectrometry in animal health laboratories: recent history, current applications, and future directions.","authors":"Michael S Filigenzi","doi":"10.1177/10406387241270071","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241270071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass spectrometry (MS) has long been considered a cornerstone technique in analytical chemistry. However, the use of MS in animal health laboratories (AHLs) has been limited, however, largely because of the expense involved in purchasing and maintaining these systems. Nevertheless, since ~2020, the use of MS techniques has increased significantly in AHLs. As expected, developments in new instrumentation have shown significant benefits in veterinary analytical toxicology as well as bacteriology. Creative researchers continue to push the boundaries of MS analysis, and MS now promises to impact disciplines other than toxicology and bacteriology. I include a short discussion of MS instrumentation, more detailed discussions of the MS techniques introduced since ~2020, and a variety of new techniques that promise to bring the benefits of MS to disciplines such as virology and pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"777-789"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ping Wu, Aric J McDaniel, Yelitza Y Rodríguez, Leslie Blakemore, Kate R Schumann, Chungwon J Chung, Wei Jia
{"title":"Evaluation of an in-house indirect immunoperoxidase test for detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus.","authors":"Ping Wu, Aric J McDaniel, Yelitza Y Rodríguez, Leslie Blakemore, Kate R Schumann, Chungwon J Chung, Wei Jia","doi":"10.1177/10406387241267883","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241267883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a high-consequence transboundary animal disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Given that vaccines are not widely available, ASFV detection, including by molecular and serologic assays, is paramount to efficacious control and mitigation of ASF. ASFV-specific antibodies can be detected as early as 7-10 d postinfection in infected animals and may persist for several months or longer. Accurate detection of ASFV-specific antibody is critical for the identification of chronically infected, subclinically infected, or recovered animals. ELISAs are commonly used for the rapid screening of large numbers of animals for ASFV antibodies. The World Organisation for Animal Health recommends that ELISA-positive results should be confirmed with a second serologic method, such as an indirect immunofluorescent assay, indirect immunoperoxidase test (IPT), or immunoblot test. Commercial kits are not available for those tests. We developed and validated an in-house IPT by using a currently circulating genotype II ASFV strain as antigen. The sensitivity and specificity of the in-house IPT are comparable to the reference IPT developed by an international ASFV reference laboratory and superior to a commercial blocking ELISA.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"870-873"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histologic characterization of spontaneous catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy in laboratory New Zealand White rabbits.","authors":"Scott D Reed","doi":"10.1177/10406387241244742","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241244742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) is an entity associated with increased levels of catecholamines causing subendocardial and papillary muscle cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrosis. In 2020, 49 autopsies from early rabbit deaths in a colony used for medical device biocompatibility studies were submitted for microscopic examination. Of the 49 rabbits, 26 had histologic changes consistent with CCM. No common stressor for CCM was determined in affected rabbits. Animals were generally male, were 12-16-wk-old, and were found dead or had bloating, lethargy, and/or diarrhea. Those observed with clinical signs were euthanized and autopsied per the organization's standard operating procedures. Heart lesions consisted of various degrees of apical subendocardial myocardial degeneration and necrosis. Common non-cardiac lesions included pulmonary congestion and edema, hepatic congestion and centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration, and/or variable intestinal submucosal edema.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"759-764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuan Hui Teo, Kayla B Garrett, Gbemisola Akingbade, James B Stanton, Michael J Yabsley, Stewart Colby, Caitlin E Burrell
{"title":"Systemic toxoplasmosis in 2 domestic rabbits in Georgia, United States.","authors":"Xuan Hui Teo, Kayla B Garrett, Gbemisola Akingbade, James B Stanton, Michael J Yabsley, Stewart Colby, Caitlin E Burrell","doi":"10.1177/10406387241251834","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241251834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infections are common in a range of mammalian and avian species, but clinical disease has been reported only rarely in domestic rabbits. Two cases of toxoplasmosis in domestic rabbits from the same premises were submitted to a diagnostic pathology facility in Athens, GA, USA. Both rabbits died after exhibiting clinical signs of gastrointestinal stasis. The gross findings observed in both rabbits comprised miliary, random, white-to-tan, necrotic foci throughout the spleen, liver, and lungs. Histologically, tachyzoites were observed within necrotizing inflammatory foci in the spleens of both rabbits, and in various other organs (tracheobronchial lymph node, lung, heart, and cecal appendix) of one rabbit. In both cases, the tachyzoites were immunoreactive with anti-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> antibodies. In addition, <i>T. gondii</i> DNA was detected via PCR and sequencing from a fresh lung sample from one rabbit and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen, liver, femoral bone marrow, and haired skin from the second rabbit. Given that <i>T. gondii</i> can cause disease in domestic rabbits and is also a concern for other potential intermediate hosts (e.g., humans, other domestic animals), this parasite warrants consideration in the diagnostic evaluation of lagomorph tissues with compatible lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"754-758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alisia A W Weyna, Victoria A Andreasen, Caitlin E Burrell, Melanie R Kunkel, Rebecca Radisic, Chloe C Goodwin, Heather Fenton, Brian S Dugovich, Rebecca L Poulson, Mark G Ruder, Michael J Yabsley, Susan Sanchez, Nicole M Nemeth
{"title":"Causes of morbidity and mortality in wild cottontail rabbits in the eastern United States, 2013-2022.","authors":"Alisia A W Weyna, Victoria A Andreasen, Caitlin E Burrell, Melanie R Kunkel, Rebecca Radisic, Chloe C Goodwin, Heather Fenton, Brian S Dugovich, Rebecca L Poulson, Mark G Ruder, Michael J Yabsley, Susan Sanchez, Nicole M Nemeth","doi":"10.1177/10406387241259000","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387241259000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest in causes of mortality of free-ranging, native North American lagomorphs has grown with the emergence of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2). Over the years 2013-2022, the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study received 119 <i>Sylvilagus</i> spp. case submissions from the central and eastern United States, comprising 147 rabbits. Most (86%) of these submissions occurred after detecting RHDV2 in the United States in 2020. Laboratory data from these rabbits were retrospectively evaluated for major causes, contributors to mortality, and pathogen detections. Gross and histologic examination was performed for 112 rabbits. Common primary causes of death included trauma (<i>n</i> = 49), bacterial disease (<i>n</i> = 31), emaciation (<i>n</i> = 6), and parasitism (<i>n</i> = 6). Among the 32 rabbits with bacterial disease, 12 were diagnosed with tularemia and 7 with pasteurellosis. Rabbits with pasteurellosis had disseminated abscessation, septicemia, and/or polyserositis. Less commonly, cutaneous fibroma (<i>n</i> = 2), notoedric mange (<i>n</i> = 2), encephalitozoonosis (<i>n</i> = 2), neoplasia (round-cell sarcoma; <i>n</i> = 1), and congenital abnormalities (<i>n</i> = 1) were diagnosed. RHDV2 was not detected in 123 rabbits tested. Although RHDV2 has not been detected in wild lagomorphs in the eastern United States, detections in domestic rabbits from the region emphasize the need for continued surveillance. Furthermore, continued surveillance for <i>Francisella tularensis</i> informs public health risk. Overall, increased knowledge of <i>Sylvilagus</i> spp. health furthers our understanding of diseases affecting these important prey and game species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"655-665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}