Journal of traumatic stress最新文献

{"title":"A mixed-methods investigation of a digital mental health tool to manage posttrauma anger","authors":"Olivia Metcalf,&nbsp;Le Pham,&nbsp;Karen E. Lamb,&nbsp;Sophie Zaloumis,&nbsp;Meaghan L. O'Donnell,&nbsp;Tianchen Qian,&nbsp;Tracey Varker,&nbsp;Sean Cowlishaw,&nbsp;David Forbes","doi":"10.1002/jts.23126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Problematic anger affects up to 30% of individuals who have experienced trauma. Digital mental health approaches, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) delivered via smartphone and wearable devices (i.e., <i>wearables</i>), hold significant potential for the development of novel digital technology treatments. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and outcomes from 10 days of usage of a digital mental health tool combining EMA and wearable use among trauma-exposed adults with problematic anger. We used mixed methods to examine feasibility and acceptability and explored quantitative changes in mental health symptoms among participants over the study period (<i>N</i> = 98, 80.4% women, <i>M</i>_age = 38 years). Quantitative and qualitative data revealed that regular EMA combined with a wearable was feasible and acceptable in the sample. We observed reductions in problem anger, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, repeated-measures <i>d</i> (<i>d</i>_RM) = -0.81, 95% CI [-1.04, -0.59]; and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, <i>p</i> = .025, <i>d</i>_RM = -0.26, 95% CI [-0.55, -0.03], over the 10 days of monitoring. Qualitative findings suggest that by regularly “checking in” on anger symptoms, participants improved their self-awareness and ability to self-manage their mood. These findings provide valuable learnings for building future personalized digital mental health tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"296-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jts.23126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of psychosocial interventions delivered by non–mental health workers following disaster events","authors":"Tracey Varker,&nbsp;Julia Fredrickson,&nbsp;James Agathos,&nbsp;Phoebe Howlett,&nbsp;Alexandra Howard,&nbsp;Meaghan L. O'Donnell","doi":"10.1002/jts.23127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individuals exposed to disasters are at high risk of developing mental health conditions, yet the availability of mental health practitioners is often limited. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the quality of the evidence for psychosocial interventions that can be delivered by non–mental health workers in the context of disasters. Searches were performed in PsycInfo, EMBASE, Family &amp; Society Studies Worldwide, CINAHL, Global Health, PubMed, and SCOPUS, from inception through to November 2024, to identify studies of relevance. Only studies investigating psychosocial interventions that could be delivered by non–mental health clinicians in a non–hospital or clinic setting were included. In total, 69 primary intervention studies examining 27 universal interventions and 10 indicated interventions were identified. Studies were rated on quality and risk of bias, and GRADE was used to rank the evidence for each intervention. For universal interventions, no study had an evidence rating above “very low” to support confidence in a significant impact on clinical outcomes. For indicated interventions, Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Self-Help Plus (SH+) had an evidence rating of “high” in the postdisaster context, and Skills for Life Adjustment and Resilience (SOLAR) had a “low” evidence rating; the remaining interventions were given “very low” ratings. Despite the high number of psychosocial interventions that target postdisaster distress, very few have been tested using rigorous methodologies with large samples. Future research should include methodologies that test interventions at scale and recognize the impacts of compounding disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic impacts of recalling and processing positive autobiographical memories on posttrauma health: An open-label study","authors":"Ateka A. Contractor,&nbsp;Brett A. Messman,&nbsp;Sheila Daniela Dicker-Oren,&nbsp;Sidonia E. Compton,&nbsp;Danica C. Slavish,&nbsp;Sharon R. Sznitman,&nbsp;Talya Greene","doi":"10.1002/jts.23129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>processing of positive memories technique</i> (PPMT) entails detailed narration and processing of specific positive autobiographical memories (AM) and has shown promise in improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined whether participants receiving PPMT reported decreases in PTSD and depressive symptom severity, negative affect levels/reactivity, posttrauma cognitions, and positive emotion dysregulation, as well as increases in positive affect levels/reactivity and the number of retrieved positive AMs across four PPMT sessions. Individuals (<i>N</i> = 70) recruited from the community completed surveys at baseline (pre-PPMT), each PPMT session, and after completing all four PPMT sessions. Multilevel linear growth models indicated session-to-session decreases in PTSD severity, β = −.17, <i>p</i> &lt; .001; depressive symptom severity, β = −.13, <i>p</i> &lt; .001; negative affect levels, β = −.13, <i>p</i> &lt; .001; positive affect reactivity, β = −.14, <i>p</i> = .014; and posttrauma cognitions, β = −.12, <i>p</i> &lt; .001; and session-to-session increases in negative affect reactivity, β = .18, <i>p</i> = .001. Paired-samples <i>t</i> tests indicated decreases in retrieved positive AMs, <i>d</i> = 0.40, <i>p</i> = .001, including specific positive AMs, and negative AMs, <i>d</i> = 0.23, <i>p</i> = .022, and increases in retrieved overgeneral positive AMs, <i>d</i> = −0.38, <i>p</i> = .002, from baseline to postintervention. Thus, PPMT may help decrease PTSD and depression severity, negative affect, posttrauma cognitions, and negative AM recall tendencies. Clinicians may need to incorporate additional skills into the PPMT framework to improve positive affect processes that can be sustained over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in a sample of prison staff: A latent profile approach","authors":"Katie Dhingra,&nbsp;David Boyda,&nbsp;Sean M. Mitchell,&nbsp;Peter J. Taylor","doi":"10.1002/jts.23128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although empirical support for the <i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</i> (11th ed.; <i>ICD-11</i>) distinction between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing, research into the <i>ICD-11</i> CPTSD model in prison staff is lacking. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to (a) determine if there are distinct groups of trauma-exposed prison governors (i.e., “wardens” in the United States and Canada) who have symptom profiles consistent with the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD and (b) identify predictors and posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs associated with the latent profiles. Trauma-exposed prison governors (<i>N</i> = 385) completed the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and a measure of traumatic life events. LPA was used to extract profiles using the six ITQ symptom clusters and revealed four profiles: <i>CPTSD</i> (8.4%), <i>PTSD</i> (14.4%), <i>disturbances in self</i>-<i>organization</i> (DSO; 11.0%), and <i>low symptoms</i> (66.3%). Membership in the CPTSD and DSO profiles was associated with cumulative traumatization, odds ratios (<i>OR</i>) = 1.42 and <i>OR</i> = 1.26, respectively, and poorer health, <i>OR</i> = 2.84 and <i>OR</i> = 1.64, respectively, relative to the low symptom profile, and membership in the PTSD profile was associated with younger age, <i>OR</i> = 0.91, relative to the low symptom profile. The CPTSD profile showed the highest level of posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs. This study yields empirical support for the <i>ICD-11</i> CPTSD model in prison staff. The results provide additional support for the validity of ITQ measurement of PTSD and CPTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jts.23128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Annual Acknowledgment of Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jts.23136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"181-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged grief symptoms and lingering attachment predict approach behavior toward the deceased","authors":"Maarten C. Eisma,&nbsp;Thomas A. de Lang,&nbsp;Katerina Christodoulou,&nbsp;Lara O. Schmitt,&nbsp;Paul A. Boelen,&nbsp;Peter J. de Jong","doi":"10.1002/jts.23124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following the death of a loved one, both approach behaviors related to the deceased (i.e., engagement with feelings, memories, and/or reminders of the deceased) and the avoidance of reminders of the death are theorized to precipitate severe and persistent grief reactions, termed prolonged grief. The “approach-avoidance processing hypothesis” holds that these behavioral tendencies occur simultaneously in prolonged grief disorder (PGD). We tested this hypothesis using a novel free-viewing attention task. Bereaved adults (<i>N</i> = 72, 81.9% female) completed a survey assessing prolonged grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, and lingering attachment and a free-viewing task assessing voluntary attention toward pictures of the deceased and combinations of the deceased with loss-related words (i.e., loss-reality reminders). A main finding was that participants with higher prolonged grief symptom levels, ρ(70) = .32, <i>p</i> = .006, and more lingering attachment, ρ(70) = .26, <i>p</i> = .030, showed stronger attentional focus toward pictures of the deceased. No significant association emerged between either prolonged grief symptom levels or lingering attachment and attention toward loss-reality reminders. The findings suggest that higher prolonged grief symptom levels may be characterized by persisting approach tendencies toward the deceased. Countering excessive proximity-seeking to the deceased in therapy could be beneficial for bereaved adults who show severe and persistent grief reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"284-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jts.23124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily associations among sleep, posttraumatic stress disorder, and positive affect","authors":"Shaan F. McGhie,&nbsp;Gabriella E. Hamlett,&nbsp;Marieke Meier,&nbsp;Patrick Mair,&nbsp;Richard J. McNally","doi":"10.1002/jts.23114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research suggests a bidirectional association between sleep disturbances and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, most studies have been conducted with group-level data, which do not necessarily capture the associations between PTSD symptoms and sleep within an individual over time. This study aimed to add to the literature concerning the association between sleep and PTSD and extend these findings to investigate the effect of sleep disturbances on positive affect. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to examine the daily temporal dynamics of sleep disturbances (i.e., self-reported difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, disturbing dreams) and PTSD symptoms over 14 days in a sample of 41 trauma-exposed individuals. Multilevel models were employed to disambiguate within-person effects (i.e., intraindividual variability) from between-person effects (i.e., interindividual variability). Difficulty sleeping predicted increased PTSD symptoms at both the within-person, β = .11, and between-person levels, β = .38, as did disturbing dreams, within: β = .14, between: β = .31. Participants with higher PTSD symptom levels were likely to report increased difficulty sleeping at night, β = .40. Positive affect was unrelated to sleep at the within-person level but increased average sleep difficulty predicted lower positive affect at the between-person level. The findings indicate that sleep difficulties must be considerably more substantial than usual to affect PTSD symptoms in a noticeable way.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"222-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond symptom reduction: Veterans’ goals for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment","authors":"Stephanie Y. Wells,&nbsp;Emily R. Wilhite,&nbsp;Marcela C. Weber,&nbsp;Shannon M. Blakey,&nbsp;Caroline Callaway,&nbsp;Shannon Kehle-Forbes,&nbsp;Leslie A. Morland,&nbsp;Margaret A. Mackintosh,&nbsp;Eric Dedert,&nbsp;George L. Jackson,&nbsp;Min Ji Sohn,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Grubbs","doi":"10.1002/jts.23121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite a varied selection of available trauma-focused evidence-based psychotherapies (TF-EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few veterans receive a full course of an evidence-based treatment. A better understanding of and alignment with veterans’ PTSD treatment goals could be one way to improve treatment engagement and adherence, consistent with veteran-oriented care within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System. Few studies have examined veterans’ specific goals or reasons for seeking treatment for PTSD. We conducted a qualitative analysis using secondary data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 175 veterans who were randomized to receive a TF-EBP for PTSD. Veterans completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and were asked to identify three distinct goals for treatment using a short-answer format. Two authors coded the data and identified themes. Three themes were identified: improvements in PTSD symptoms, personal well-being and growth, and improvements in social roles and interpersonal functioning. These findings suggest that veterans with PTSD have both symptom reduction goals and functional goals at the outset of treatment. The findings also emphasize the importance of broadening the scope of treatment outcome monitoring and assessment to better reflect patient-centered care and veterans’ specific goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral injury: State of the Science","authors":"Brett T. Litz","doi":"10.1002/jts.23125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, I provide a concise overview of the state of the scientific study of moral injury (MI). I argue that the state of science is immature, characterized by the lack of a paradigmatic theory and a lack of rigor in terms of construct definition and measurement. Because researchers, clinicians, and the media reify the results of empirical and clinical outcome studies that are chiefly exploratory and fraught with internal validity problems, enthusiasm about MI continues to far outweigh scientific and actionable, practice-based knowledge. I posit that the field needs to have epistemic humility about MI, focus on building a paradigmatic model to generate and test hypotheses that will ultimately create knowledge about the causes and consequences of MI, and employ evidence-based assessment and intervention approaches to mitigate and treat the problem. To facilitate research in this area, I summarize the social–functional theory of moral behavior and a new theory of MI based on it. I also make recommendations for future research to advance the field into a normal science, which requires hypothesis-driven research and valid measurement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement invariance of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 across eight countries and samples with diverse trauma experiences","authors":"Maria Cyniak-Cieciura,&nbsp;Agnieszka Popiel,&nbsp;Bogdan Zawadzki,&nbsp;Julie K. Cremeans-Smith,&nbsp;David B. Fruehstorfer,&nbsp;Patryk Bielak,&nbsp;Victoria Camino,&nbsp;Eun Jung Cha,&nbsp;Yunkyung Cho,&nbsp;Marina Galarregui,&nbsp;Rocío Goldfarb,&nbsp;Myoung-Ho Hyun,&nbsp;Zhanna Kalinina,&nbsp;Eduardo Keegan,&nbsp;Aliya Mambetalina,&nbsp;Louise McHugh,&nbsp;Mariana Miracco,&nbsp;Atsushi Oshio,&nbsp;Chowon Park,&nbsp;Andrés Partarrieu,&nbsp;Lorena De Rosa,&nbsp;Raikhan Sabirova,&nbsp;Adil Samekin,&nbsp;Emiliano Sánchez,&nbsp;María Sarno,&nbsp;Cecilia Tarruella,&nbsp;Gulmira M. Tulekova,&nbsp;Gulmira Tuyakovna Topanova","doi":"10.1002/jts.23118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The PTSD Checklist for <i>DSM-5</i> (PCL-5) is a well-known tool for measuring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Although the tool has been translated into many different languages, only one study, conducted in European countries, has examined measurement invariance (MI) across these versions. The present study aimed to verify PCL-5 MI in eight countries: Argentina, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Poland, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All samples included at least 200 participants. Regarding trauma type, the highest number of individuals reported experiencing a traffic accident (<i>n</i> = 3,128) and/or physical assault (<i>n</i> = 2,609), and the fewest reported captivity (<i>n</i> = 575) and/or contributing to someone else's harm, injury, or death (<i>n</i> = 559). A symptom structure model based on <i>DSM-5</i> criteria showed a satisfactory fit to the data, χ²(164, <i>N</i> = 4,064) = 2,571.18, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, robust CFI = .931, robust RMSEA = .078, 90% CI [.075, .081], robust TLI = .920, SRMR = .037. Data fit and invariance were obtained with regard to identical structure and factor loadings (configural and metric invariance) as well as for the partial scalar invariance (equal intercepts). In all samples, PTSD symptoms were strongly or moderately positively correlated with levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress-related symptoms and moderately or weakly positively correlated with COVID-19–related stressors, emotional stability/neuroticism, and emotional reactivity. The results indicate that the PCL-5 is a generally effective measure of universal indicators of PTSD across different countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 2","pages":"247-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}