Brianna N Jackson, Frank W Weathers, Stephanie M Jeffirs, Thomas J Preston, Cassidy M Brydon
{"title":"The revised Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5-R): Initial psychometric evaluation in a trauma-exposed community sample.","authors":"Brianna N Jackson, Frank W Weathers, Stephanie M Jeffirs, Thomas J Preston, Cassidy M Brydon","doi":"10.1002/jts.23093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) is a widely used, well-validated structured interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was recently revised to improve various aspects of administration and scoring. We conducted a psychometric evaluation of the revised version, known as the CAPS-5-R. Participants were 73 community residents with mixed trauma exposure (e.g., sexual assault, physical assault, transportation accident, the unnatural death of a loved one). CAPS-5-R PTSD diagnosis demonstrated good test-retest reliability, кs = .73-.79; excellent interrater reliability, кs = .86-.93; and good-to-excellent alternate forms reliability with the CAPS-5, кs = .79-.93. In addition, the CAPS-5-R total PTSD severity score demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .86; interrater reliability, ICC = .98; and alternate forms reliability with the CAPS-5, r = .95. Further, the CAPS-5-R demonstrated good convergent validity with other measures of PTSD and good discriminant validity with measures of other constructs (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcohol problems, somatic concerns, mania). Given its strong psychometric performance in this study, as well as its improvements in administration and scoring, the CAPS-5-R appears to be a valuable update of the current CAPS-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annalisa Oppo, Barbara Forresi, Alice Barbieri, Karestan C. Koenen
{"title":"Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms following collective violence: A systematic review and meta-analyses","authors":"Annalisa Oppo, Barbara Forresi, Alice Barbieri, Karestan C. Koenen","doi":"10.1002/jts.23090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although collective violence represents a significant public health concern, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this topic, with no systematic reviews focusing on posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories. The present systematic review and meta-analyses examined PTSS prevalence and trajectories after exposure to collective violence. A systematic literature search across six databases (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, PSYINDEX, MEDLINE, ERIC, and PubMed) identified 771 studies that were screened for the following eligibility criteria: exposure to collective violence, adult sample, longitudinal design, PTSS assessment using validated measures, PTSS trajectories estimated using latent growth modeling, and report sample prevalence rate for each trajectory. Ten studies met the criteria, and five meta-analyses were performed to assess the overall prevalence of each trajectory. Most included studies (63.6%) identified four trajectories, characterized as <i>low-stable</i>, <i>high</i>-<i>stable</i>, <i>decreasing</i>, and <i>delayed</i>-<i>worsening</i>. The low-stable trajectory was the modal response, with a pooled prevalence of 58.0%, 95% CI [51.0, 65.0]. The high-stable prevalence was 7.0%, 95% CI [4.0, 19.0]; the decreasing trajectory was 13%, 95% CI [9.0, 17.0]; and the delayed-worsening trajectory was 8.0%, 95% CI [5.0, 10.0]. A fifth trajectory, <i>moderately stable</i>, had a prevalence of 19.0%, 95% CI [9.0, 29.0]. The trajectory models robustly identified clinically relevant patterns of response to collective violence, offering a contribution to the literature and a starting point for future research. Further studies are needed, as a better comprehension of symptom trajectories after collective violence events has important clinical and public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 6","pages":"837-849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Shevlin, Philip Hyland, Marylène Cloitre, Chris Brewin, Dmytro Martsenkovskyi, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Kristina Bondjers, Thanos Karatzias, Michael Duffy, Enya Redican
{"title":"Assessing self-reported prolonged grief disorder with \"clinical checks\": A proof of principle study.","authors":"Mark Shevlin, Philip Hyland, Marylène Cloitre, Chris Brewin, Dmytro Martsenkovskyi, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Kristina Bondjers, Thanos Karatzias, Michael Duffy, Enya Redican","doi":"10.1002/jts.23100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological assessment is commonly conducted using either self-report measures or clinical interviews; the former are quick and easy to administer, and the latter are more time-consuming and require training. Self-report measures have been criticized for producing higher estimates of symptom and disorder presence relative to clinical interviews, with the assumption being that self-report measures are prone to Type 1 error. Here, we introduce the use of \"clinical checks\" within an existing self-report measure. These are brief supplementary questions intended to clarify and confirm initial responses, similar to what occurs in a clinical interview. Clinical checks were developed for the items of the International Grief Questionnaire (IGQ), a self-report measure of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Data were collected as part of a community survey of mental health in Ukraine. Individual symptom endorsements for the IGQ significantly decreased with the use of clinical checks, and the percentage of the sample that met the ICD-11 diagnostic requirements for PGD fell from 13.6% to 10.2%, representing a 24.8% reduction in cases. The value and potential broader application of clinical checks are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and distress tolerance in traumatic stress treatment.","authors":"Brianna M Byllesby, Patrick A Palmieri","doi":"10.1002/jts.23092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distress tolerance, or the perceived ability to tolerate negative emotional states, is often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such that higher distress tolerance is generally associated with less severe PTSD symptom levels. As distress tolerance is often considered a risk and maintenance factor in distress disorders, examining the association between changes in distress tolerance and changes in PTSD symptoms may have clinical relevance. The present study examined the associations between PTSD symptom severity and distress tolerance across three assessment points over 12 weeks among 212 patients receiving outpatient psychotherapy services. Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM), concurrent and prospective associations between PTSD and distress tolerance were examined. PTSD symptoms at Time 1 and Time 2 significantly predicted distress tolerance at Time 2, β = -.296, and Time 3, β = -.395, respectively. Distress tolerance did not predict subsequent PTSD symptom severity. Exploratory analyses examined distress tolerance and four PTSD symptom clusters over time. Patterns of results differed across clusters, though it was consistent that only PTSD symptom clusters predicted subsequent distress tolerance and not vice versa. The results support the interrelationship of changes in psychopathology and emotional distress tolerance and indicate that distress tolerance may be an important factor in symptom remission during PTSD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian P. Marx, Barabara O. Rothbaum, Eric Vermetten
{"title":"What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Technology-enabled traumatic stress support","authors":"Brian P. Marx, Barabara O. Rothbaum, Eric Vermetten","doi":"10.1002/jts.23095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the 39th meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, three leading researchers and clinicians in technology-enabled traumatic stress support were invited to reflect on their careers and contributions to the field. Dr. Brian P. Marx has led the development of large-scale technologies to screen, assess, and treat traumatic stress pathology across diverse etiologies and needs. Dr. Barbara O. Rothbaum, a pioneer in the development of virtual reality for exposure therapy, has demonstrated the efficacy and scalability of digital treatment for traumatic stress. Retired Col. Dr. Eric Vermetten has worked extensively on the intersection of basic mechanisms, novel psychological and biological treatment, and technology for scalable assessment and treatment, primarily in military and mass casualty contexts. The panelists were asked to reflect on their initial ambitions, concerns, unexpected challenges, and the influence of their work on new research trajectories. Their insights provide valuable lessons about the process and content of their work, and their pioneering efforts have significantly advanced the field of technology-enabled traumatic stress support.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 5","pages":"739-745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on the 39th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies: Scalable strategies to address the impact of trauma worldwide","authors":"Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy, Katharina Schultebraucks","doi":"10.1002/jts.23096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial summary provides an overview of the 39th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) held from November 1–4, 2023. The meeting, themed “Scalable Strategies to Address the Impact of Trauma Worldwide: Innovations and Implementation,” encouraged presenters to focus on the scalability of traumatic stress research and practice. The articles presented at the meeting, which form this issue, cover a broad spectrum of topics, from basic biological mechanisms to innovative digital engagement to population-wide treatments. These articles emphasize eliminating biases in research design and psychiatric practice, promoting health equity, and addressing the unique challenges of traumatic stress. This summary underscores the importance of scalability in developing flexible, dynamic, and inclusive mental health care interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 5","pages":"715-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shannon M Kehle-Forbes, Allison L Baier, Princess E Ackland, Michele Spoont, Melissa A Polusny, Paula P Schnurr, Tara Galovski, Laura Meis
{"title":"\"It made me feel more alive\": A qualitative analysis of quality of life improvements following completion of trauma-focused therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Shannon M Kehle-Forbes, Allison L Baier, Princess E Ackland, Michele Spoont, Melissa A Polusny, Paula P Schnurr, Tara Galovski, Laura Meis","doi":"10.1002/jts.23091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.23091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poor quality of life. Although randomized clinical trial data show improvements in quality of life following trauma-focused therapies (TFTs), including prolonged exposure therapy (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT), less is known about how these improvements are experienced from the trauma survivor's perspective. A national sample of 60 veterans who recently completed TFT as part of routine care at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs facilities participated in semistructured qualitative interviews during which the impact of treatment on quality of life was explored. Following a mixed deductive/inductive approach, six interrelated themes describing changes in quality of life emerged: full participation in social activities, greater emotional intimacy in relationships, improvements in parenting, expanded engagement in hobbies and community, increased occupational commitment and confidence, and more joy in life. The data highlight the positive impact of treatment on quality of life and provide depth to quantitative findings demonstrating improvements in quality of life following TFT.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony King, Ting Tong, Danielle Le, Donna Sim, Gloria Wong-Padoongpatt
{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, health risk factors, and significant problems with substances and behaviors among U.S. college students","authors":"Anthony King, Ting Tong, Danielle Le, Donna Sim, Gloria Wong-Padoongpatt","doi":"10.1002/jts.23089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are often associated with higher rates of mental health issues and problematic behaviors within the U.S. college population. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the current associations among ACEs, six psychosocial risk factors for poor health (i.e., anxiety, depression, loneliness, negative urgency, positive urgency, and stress), and significant behavioral and substance problems in a large sample of college students (<i>N</i> = 1,993). Overall, 72.3% of participants reported one or more ACEs, with 21.7% reporting at least five of these experiences; the most prevalent ACE types were emotional abuse (51.7%) and parental mental illness (33.8%). Cumulative ACEs were positively associated with all health risk factors, <i>r</i>s = .07–.38, <i>p</i>s ≤ .001, and these ACE scores were most connected to student problems with alcohol, overeating, and sex, <i>r</i>s = .19–.22, <i>p</i>s < .001. Furthermore, using logistic regression, cumulative ACEs predicted which students were more likely to report behavioral problems, <i>OR</i> = 1.08, 95% CI [1.03, 1.14]; substance problems, <i>OR</i> = 1.16, 95% CI [1.07, 1.26]; and both types of problems, <i>OR</i> = 1.28, 95% CI [1.20, 1.36], relative to students without these problems. Aside from ACEs, higher anxiety was the only other risk factor all three problem types shared. Collectively, these findings highlight the differential impact of ACEs and other psychosocial risk factors on the susceptibility of college students to particular forms of maladaptive coping and suggest potential targets for intervention and prevention efforts in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 6","pages":"1009-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa M. Jacoby, Casey L. Straud, Hannah Tyler, Katherine A. Dondanville, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Jim Mintz, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Alan L. Peterson, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Patricia A. Resick, for the STRONG STAR Consortium
{"title":"An evaluation of the associations among posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and complicated grief in active duty military personnel with traumatic loss","authors":"Vanessa M. Jacoby, Casey L. Straud, Hannah Tyler, Katherine A. Dondanville, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Jim Mintz, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Alan L. Peterson, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Patricia A. Resick, for the STRONG STAR Consortium","doi":"10.1002/jts.23080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Between 44% and 87% of active duty service members and veterans who deployed following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks know someone who was killed or seriously injured in combat. Considering the high frequency and known impact of traumatic loss, it is important to understand if and how traumatic loss may impede posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment progress in military personnel. Additionally, experiencing a traumatic loss elevates the risk of developing prolonged grief disorder (PGD), which is associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms, more functional impairment, and more lifetime suicide attempts among military personnel. Given what is known about the association between PGD and PTSD in treatment-seeking service members and veterans, it is also important to understand whether grief-related symptom severity negatively impacts PTSD treatment response. The current study examined associations among traumatic loss, complicated grief, depressive symptoms, and PTSD treatment response among military personnel (<i>N</i> = 127) who participated in variable-length cognitive processing therapy (CPT). There was no direct, <i>F</i>(2, 125) = 0.77, <i>p</i> = .465, or indirect, β = .02, <i>p</i> = .677, association between a traumatic loss index event and PTSD treatment response compared with other trauma types. Prior assessments of depressive symptom severity were directly related to PTSD at later assessments across two models, <i>p</i>s < .001–<i>p</i> = .021 Participants with a traumatic loss index trauma demonstrated significant reductions in complicated grief, depressive symptoms, and PTSD following CPT, <i>p</i>s < .001, <i>d</i>s = −0.61–−0.83. Implications, study limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 6","pages":"984-997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aakanksha Lahoti, Lauren M. Berny, Emily E. Tanner-Smith
{"title":"Examining the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and sexual risk-taking in dually diagnosed adolescents","authors":"Aakanksha Lahoti, Lauren M. Berny, Emily E. Tanner-Smith","doi":"10.1002/jts.23086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prior research has identified traumatic experiences and substance use as risk factors for adolescent engagement in sexual risk-taking; however, these studies have relied upon subthreshold or non–dually diagnosed samples. The present study examined differences in sexual risk behaviors between adolescents with a substance use disorder (SUD) and co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) versus those with an SUD and another co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Participants were 269 adolescents who met the clinical screening criteria for an SUD and at least one psychiatric disorder. Bivariate comparisons and generalized linear models were used to compare sexual risk behaviors in participants with co-occurring PTSD (30.0%) and those with a different psychiatric disorder (70.0%). Participants with co-occurring PTSD were twice as likely to have multiple sex partners during the same period compared to those without PTSD, odds ratio (<i>OR</i>) = 2.35, <i>p</i> = .012. They also reported, on average, over twice the incidence rate of unprotected sexual encounters, incidence rate ratio (<i>IRR</i>) = 2.06, <i>p</i> = .034, and a 51.0% higher incidence of sexual risk behaviors, <i>IRR</i> = 1.51, <i>p</i> = .008, than participants without co-occurring PTSD. The results suggest dually diagnosed adolescents with co-occurring PTSD are more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors than those with a different co-occurring disorder, placing them at higher risk for adverse health effects, such as sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies. As such, this population is likely to benefit from targeted trauma-informed sexual health education programs focused on sexual risk reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 6","pages":"1028-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}