{"title":"Unlocking the secrets of scenic beauty: a quantitative analysis of object variety and connections in scenic images.","authors":"Junjun Yin, Guangqing Chi, Bin Jiang","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2025.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsif.2025.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perception of beauty, though often subjective, is influenced by identifiable structural and spatial patterns that shape how individuals experience their surroundings. This study explores the roles of object variety and connections in scenic images in shaping perceptions of environmental aesthetics, using advanced computer vision techniques and regression analysis. Drawing on data from the Scenic-Or-Not project and leveraging the Segment Anything Model, we analysed landscape photographs to understand how object diversity and spatial arrangement affect aesthetic judgments. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between object diversity and perceived scenicness, emphasizing the importance of visual richness and complexity in enhancing scenic appeal. However, excessive object diversity can introduce visual clutter and diminish aesthetic value. Our analysis of object connections, measured through graph-based metrics like network density and clustering coefficient, reveals that denser and more interconnected arrangements enhance scenic appeal, while overly efficient local connections reduce visual interest. These results demonstrate the importance of balancing complexity, coherence and interconnectedness in scenic design. By situating these findings within established theoretical frameworks, this study provides insights for disciplines such as environmental science, urban planning and landscape management, offering guidance for creating environments that evoke positive aesthetic experiences while maintaining visual harmony and interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20250045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Hardman, Katharina Hennig, Inês Belo Martins, William Roman, Edgar R Gomes, Miguel O Bernabeu
{"title":"Quantitative measurement of morphometric indicators of skeletal muscle cell behaviour and quality.","authors":"David Hardman, Katharina Hennig, Inês Belo Martins, William Roman, Edgar R Gomes, Miguel O Bernabeu","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>In vitro</i> culturing of effective human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skeletal muscle cells (hiPSC-SMCs) has proven to be challenging. Progress is hindered by the limited range of metrics applied to assess experimental success. We present a semi-automated workflow for segmenting, tracking and quantifying migration and fusion behaviour in live and static images of myoblast and myotube cells. Workflow outputs are validated against manually labelled images and the metrics applied to images from case studies of <i>in vitro</i> cultures of primary mouse muscle cells under varying culture media conditions, mouse primary cells undergoing optogenetic stimulation and hiPSC-SMC. We show culture media-dependent differences in cell fusion dynamics and increased acetylcholine receptors in myonuclei under optogenetic stimulation. We show that myoblasts have greater persistence and proliferation in primary mouse cells than hiPSC, and cell-cell fusion occurred earlier but at a steadier rate in primary mouse cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20240634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11999735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximilian M Nguyen, Ari S Freedman, Matthew A Cheung, Chadi M Saad-Roy, Baltazar Espinoza, Bryan T Grenfell, Simon A Levin
{"title":"The complex interplay between risk tolerance and the spread of infectious diseases.","authors":"Maximilian M Nguyen, Ari S Freedman, Matthew A Cheung, Chadi M Saad-Roy, Baltazar Espinoza, Bryan T Grenfell, Simon A Levin","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk-driven behaviour provides a feedback mechanism through which individuals both shape and are collectively affected by an epidemic. We introduce a general and flexible compartmental model to study the effect of heterogeneity in the population with regard to risk tolerance. The interplay between behaviour and epidemiology leads to a rich set of possible epidemic dynamics. Depending on the behavioural composition of the population, we find that increasing heterogeneity in risk tolerance can either increase or decrease the epidemic size. We find that multiple waves of infection can arise due to the interplay between transmission and behaviour, even without the replenishment of susceptibles. We find that increasing protective mechanisms such as the effectiveness of interventions, the fraction of risk-averse people in the population and the duration of intervention usage reduce the epidemic overshoot. When the protection is pushed past a critical threshold, the epidemic dynamics enter an underdamped regime where the epidemic size exactly equals the herd immunity threshold and overshoot is eliminated. Finally, we can find regimes where epidemic size does not monotonically decrease with a population that becomes increasingly risk-averse.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20240486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mutual benefits of social learning and algorithmic mediation for cumulative culture.","authors":"Agnieszka Czaplicka, Fabian Baumann, Iyad Rahwan","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0686","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The remarkable ecological success of humans is often attributed to our ability to develop complex cultural artefacts that enable us to cope with environmental challenges. The evolution of complex culture (cumulative cultural evolution) is usually modelled as a collective process in which individuals invent new artefacts (innovation) and copy information from others (social learning). This classic picture overlooks the growing role of intelligent algorithms in the digital age (e.g. search engines, recommender systems and large language models) in mediating information between humans, with potential consequences for cumulative cultural evolution. Building on a previous model, we investigate the combined effects of network-based social learning and a simplistic version of algorithmic mediation on cultural accumulation. We find that algorithmic mediation significantly impacts cultural accumulation and that this impact grows as social networks become less densely connected. Cultural accumulation is most effective when social learning and algorithmic mediation are combined, and the optimal ratio depends on the network's density. This work is an initial step towards formalizing the impact of intelligent algorithms on cumulative cultural evolution within an established framework. Models like ours provide insights into mechanisms of human-machine interaction in cultural contexts, guiding hypotheses for future experimental testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20240686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of trust in hierarchical populations with varying investment strategies.","authors":"Chen Zhou, Yuying Zhu, Chengyi Xia, Manuel Chica","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust is one of the fundamental elements in the development of human societies, which can be modelled on the trust game. In the traditional trust game, investors decide whether to invest or not, and trustees choose whether to be trustworthy or not. In this study, we differentiate between investors and trustees and assume that strategy imitation only happens among individuals of the same class, in which their ratios remain constant. Trustees can choose to be either trustworthy or untrustworthy, while investors decide between an active and a conservative investment strategies based on environmental factors. Here, the environmental factor is closely related to the number of trustworthy trustees within the group. Applying evolutionary game theory, we investigate behavioural changes in the [Formula: see text]-player trust game when environmental factors are introduced. Our findings indicate that investors can form effective coalitions with trustworthy trustees, thereby excluding untrustworthy ones. Furthermore, we validate the robustness of our model and reveal that different investment behaviours have different advantages under specific environmental conditions. This study highlights the subtle interplay between trust and investment dynamics in different environments, providing new insights into the mechanisms of trust in socioeconomic systems, which has some practical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20240734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhradeep Maitra, Seong Jin Kim, Naila Sayani, Alireza Hooshanginejad, Rolf Müller, Z Jane Wang, Sunghwan Jung
{"title":"Kinematics and aerodynamics of in-flight drinking in bats.","authors":"Abhradeep Maitra, Seong Jin Kim, Naila Sayani, Alireza Hooshanginejad, Rolf Müller, Z Jane Wang, Sunghwan Jung","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats, the only mammals with powered flight, provide inspiration to engineer highly manoeuvrable flapping wing aerial vehicles due to their ability in performing several complex manoeuvres. While straight flight manoeuvres have been extensively studied, drinking flight manoeuvres have not. We have studied two insectivorous bat species in terms of wing kinematics and aerodynamics during drinking flight: <i>Hipposideros pratti</i> and <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i>. During drinking, both bat species decrease their flapping amplitude and simultaneously increase their flapping frequency. The flapping angle during drinking flight manoeuvre is higher throughout the wingbeat compared with straight flight manoeuvre, while the sweep angle variation is reduced. Furthermore, the wing attains the most folded state earlier in the wingbeat during in-flight drinking. In addition, the angle of attack on the handwing at the end of downstroke is higher by almost 30[Formula: see text]-40[Formula: see text] in drinking flight indicating an active control to manipulate the aerodynamic forces as per the requirements of the manoeuvre. Finally, our force analysis reveals that the lift coefficient for drinking flight is more than twice that for straight flight. We discuss the potential role of ground effect in this lift enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20240616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The feather's multi-functional structure across nano to macro scales inspires hierarchical design.","authors":"Sebastian Hendrickx-Rodriguez, David Lentink","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bird feathers are finely tuned structures with key features at every length scale, from nanometre to metre, furnishing a unique multi-functional hierarchical design that can inspire material scientists, biologists and designers alike. Feathers are not only a crucial component in equipping birds with flight, but are also responsible for thermoregulation, coloration and crypsis, water repellency, silencing and sound production, sensing, directional fastening and even self-healing. Despite this broad multifunctionality, all feathers are formed from the same basic template using a universal building block: the feather keratin protein. Consequently, feather diversity across approximately 10 000 bird species arises from subtle differences in architecture rather than variations in chemical composition. To understand these underlying hierarchical mechanisms, we systematically review feather properties across all length scales, connecting development and morphogenesis to biomechanics and integrated structure-property-function relationships. This systematic distillation of the feather's complex design into comprehensive principles will enkindle new biohybrid, biomimetic and bioinspired material solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 225","pages":"20240776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A predictive surrogate model of blood haemodynamics for patient-specific carotid artery stenosis.","authors":"Mostafa Barzegar Gerdroodbary, Sajad Salavatidezfouli","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0774","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the haemodynamic factors inside the patient-specific carotid artery with stenosis are evaluated via a predictive surrogate model. The technique of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used for reducing the order of the main model and consequently, the long short-term memory is employed for the prediction of main blood flow parameters, i.e. blood velocity and pressure along the patient-specific carotid artery with stenosis. The efficiency of the proposed machine learning technique has been evaluated in patient-specific carotid arteries with/without stenosis. Besides, the reconstruction error analysis is performed for different POD mode numbers. Our results demonstrate that the value of blood velocity at different stages of the cardiac cycle has a great impact on the efficiency of the proposed method for the estimation of blood haemodynamics. The presence of stenosis inside the patient-specific carotid artery intensifies the complexity of the blood flow, and consequently, the magnitude of the errors for the prediction is increased when the stenosis exists in the patient-specific carotid artery.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 224","pages":"20240774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyuan Liu, Lichen Wang, Ruqiang Guo, Shijia Hua, Linjie Liu, Liang Zhang, The Anh Han
{"title":"Evolution of trust in the <i>N</i>-player trust game with transformation incentive mechanism.","authors":"Yuyuan Liu, Lichen Wang, Ruqiang Guo, Shijia Hua, Linjie Liu, Liang Zhang, The Anh Han","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0726","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust game is commonly used to study the evolution of trust among unrelated individuals. It offers valuable insights into human interactions in a range of disciplines, including economics, sociology and psychology. Previous research has revealed that reward and punishment systems can effectively promote the evolution of trust. However, these investigations overlook the gaming environment, leaving unresolved the optimal conditions for employing distinct incentives to effectively facilitate trust level. To bridge this gap, we introduce a transformation incentive mechanism in an <i>N</i>-player trust game, where trustees are given different forms of incentives depending on the number of trustees in the group. Using the Markov decision process approach, our research shows that as incentives increase, the level of trust rises continuously, eventually reaching a high level of coexistence between investors and trustworthy trustees. Specifically, in the case of smaller incentives, rewarding trustworthy trustees is more effective. Conversely, in the case of larger incentives, punishing untrustworthy trustees is more effective. Additionally, we find that moderate incentives have a positive impact on increasing the average payoff within the group.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 224","pages":"20240726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom White, Arístides López-Márquez, Carmen Badosa, Ceclila Jimenez-Mallebrera, Josep Samitier, Marina Inés Giannotti, Anna Lagunas
{"title":"Nanomechanics of cell-derived matrices as a functional read-out in collagen VI-related congenital muscular dystrophies.","authors":"Tom White, Arístides López-Márquez, Carmen Badosa, Ceclila Jimenez-Mallebrera, Josep Samitier, Marina Inés Giannotti, Anna Lagunas","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0860","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are a hallmark of disease. Due to its relevance, several <i>in vitro</i> models have been developed for the ECM, including cell-derived matrices (CDMs). CDMs are decellularized natural ECMs assembled by cells that closely mimic the <i>in vivo</i> stromal fibre organization and molecular content. Here, we applied atomic force microscopy-force spectroscopy (AFM-FS) to evaluate the nanomechanical properties of CDMs obtained from patients diagnosed with collagen VI-related congenital muscular dystrophies (COL6-RDs). COL6-RDs are a set of neuromuscular conditions caused by pathogenic variants in any of the three major COL6 genes, which result in deficiency or dysfunction of the COL6 incorporated into the ECM of connective tissues. Current diagnosis includes the genetic confirmation of the disease and categorization of the phenotype based on maximum motor ability, as no direct correlation exists between genotype and phenotype of COL6-RDs. We describe differences in the elastic modulus (<i>E</i>) among CDMs from patients with different clinical phenotypes, as well as the restoration of <i>E</i> in CDMs obtained from genetically edited cells. Results anticipate the potential of the nanomechanical analysis of CDMs as a complementary clinical tool, providing phenotypic information about COL6-RDs and their response to gene therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"22 224","pages":"20240860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}