Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association最新文献

{"title":"Fertility sparing surgery for malignant ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors: long-term obstetric and oncologic outcomes.","authors":"Mehmet Tunç, Hüseyin Akıllı, Asuman Nihan Haberal Reyhan, Esra Kuşçu, Göğşen Önalan, Nejat Özgül, Ali Haberal, Ali Ayhan","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-9-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-9-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the oncological and reproductive outcomes of patients with ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs) treated with fertility sparing surgery (FSS).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with malignant ovarian SCSTs between February 2007 and June 2020 at Başkent University Hospital, Ankara. All patients underwent FSS, which preserved at least one ovary and the uterus. Data on demographics, surgical and pathological features, adjuvant treatments, follow-up, recurrence, survival, and obstetric outcomes were collected. Follow-up continued until September 2025, with survival analyses performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the 35 included patients was 29.0 years, with a median follow-up of 141.0 months. Recurrence occurred in 17.1%, and disease-related mortality was 8.6%. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 85.7% and 97.1%, respectively. No significant factors influenced DFS, while adjuvant therapy impacted OS in univariate analysis. All patients maintained regular menstrual cycles post-treatment. Nine patients conceived (36.0%), resulting in 12 pregnancies and 6 live births (50.0%). Chemotherapy did not significantly affect fertility outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FSS in patients with ovarian SCSTs demonstrated favorable oncologic and reproductive outcomes. Larger, prospective multicenter studies are necessary to optimize management strategies and establish definitive guidelines for fertility preservation in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropelviology in minimally invasive surgery: a surgical anatomy-based demonstration.","authors":"İlker Selçuk, Tufan Arslanca, Eda Kayalı, Derya Leblebici, Koray Görkem Saçıntı, Hakan Raşit Yalçın","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-7-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autonomic nerves regulate the innervation and function of the bladder, uterus, and rectum via their terminal branches. This section emphasizes the superior hypogastric plexus, hypogastric nerve, pelvic splanchnic nerves, inferior hypogastric plexus, and its terminal branches, namely the vesical, rectal, and uterine nerves. Somatic nerves traverse the pelvis, providing motor and/or sensory innervation to the pelvic floor and lower limbs. It is important to recognize the obturator nerve, genitofemoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, lumbosacral trunk, and femoral nerve.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of trial of labour after one previous cesarean section at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, north central, Nigeria.","authors":"Folorunsho Benard Adewale, Adebowale Samuel Adefemi, Adewale Olufemi Ashimi, Abdulkarim Omoyine Musa","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-4-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-4-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the success rate and feto-maternal outcomes following trial of labor among women with one previous cesarean section (C/S) seen at the Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a prospective cohort study among selected women with a previous C/S admitted for trial of labor after C/S over a 15 month period. Demographic and medical history data was collected by questionnaire. Women achieving vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) and those undergoing emergency repeat C/S (ERCS) were compared statistically for differences and associations based on a range of variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 women with one previous C/S were included. Out of 150 study participants, 105 (70.0%) achieved VBAC while 45 (30.0%) had ERCS. Women with previous vaginal delivery had higher odds of achieving VBAC. Poor progress of labor was the most common indication for ERCS (17/45; 37.8%). The most frequent maternal complication following abdominal delivery was post-partum hemorrhage (n=15; 33.3%) while perineal laceration (n=26;24.8%) was the commonest among women who achieved VBAC. The ERCS cohort suffered significantly more complications in comparison to those who had VBAC. Comparison of fetal outcomes by mode of delivery were comparable, except that neonates admitted into special care baby unit were more likely to have been born via ERCS (odds ratio 5.231; 95% confidence interval 1.247-21.950) compared to those born via VBAC. There was no perinatal or maternal mortality. However, one case of ruptured uterus was recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrated that good outcome following trial of labour is achievable among well selected women, even in low resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoamputation of the ovary after missed diagnosis of ovarian dermoid cyst torsion: a case report and review of literature.","authors":"Ayşe Seyhan, İrem Usta Korkut, Bülent Urman","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Torsion is the most frequent complication of ovarian dermoid cysts. Adnexal torsion typically presents as a severe abdominal pain and is treated as an acute surgical emergency. However, if surgery is delayed or the diagnosis is not made in a timely manner, autoamputation of the ovary is a very rare, but possible, complication. Herein, we report a case of an autoamputated ovary with a dermoid cyst and review the literature. A 33-year-old patient presented with pelvic pain lasting three weeks and was scheduled for a laparoscopy due to the presence of bilateral ovarian cysts, with a dermoid cyst identified on the left ovary. During the procedure, it was discovered that both the left fallopian tube and ovary were absent. The infundibulo-pelvic ligament appeared to terminate abruptly at the pelvic brim. Moreover, an 8 cm pelvic mass was found lodged in the cul-de-sac, which was extensively adherent to the bowel and the uterus, and was covered by vascular omental tissue. Histopathological analysis revealed that this pelvic mass was a dermoid cyst. The cyst contained adipose tissue, hair, and microscopic ovarian stroma, confirming the diagnosis. This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing pelvic masses. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for ovarian torsion and consider the possibility of autoamputation when an ovary is not found in its anatomical location, especially if imaging suggests the presence of a dermoid cyst. This case also underscores the importance of meticulous surgical dissection for the complete removal of such masses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferred working time models and equal opportunities in gynecology and obstetrics: a sub-analysis of the trinational FARBEN survey focusing on German participants from Western and Eastern federal states.","authors":"Nikolas Tauber, Maggie Banys-Paluchowski, Claudia Becker, Philipp Foessleitner, Martin Göpfert, Steffi Hartmann, Rama Kiblawi, Nora Kiessling, Amanda Klee, Natalia Krawczyk, Laura Dussan Molinos, Gert Naumann, Achim Rody, Henning Schäffler, Lina Schiestl, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Solveig Simowitsch, Markus Wallwiener, Martin Weiss, Niklas Amann","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was a sub-analysis of the FARBEN survey to compare the preferences and responses of participants from the Eastern and Western German federal states and to identify potential differences.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The preferences of the German participants from the respondents in the tri-national FARBEN study were analyzed. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaire consisted of 62 questions covering topics such as the workplace in general, work-time models, and professional goals. In the present study, only the data of the participants working in Germany were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sub-group consisted of 1,021 out of the total of 1,364 (74.85%) respondents for the FARBEN survey. Of these, 855 (83.7%) responses were from participants from the Western federal states, and 166 (16.3%) from the Eastern federal states. Gynecologists in the East generally became parents at a younger age (29.3 vs. 30.8 years) and the rate of childlessness was higher among gynecologists in the West (54.8% vs. 37.0%). In the West, full-time work was both more frequently preferred (13.0% vs. 5.4%) and practiced (52.1% vs. 41.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many family policy aspects of the former German Democratic Republic facilitated and continues to facilitate the compatibility of work and family life for mothers in the East. Historical perspectives can be helpful in implementing improvements for women in terms of work-family balance in a female-dominated medical field such as gynecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of vNOTES hysterectomy in patients with enlarged uteri: a single-center experience.","authors":"Candost Hanedan, Hande Nur Öncü, Neslihan Öztürk, Gökçen Ege, Oğuz Kaan Köksal, Vakkas Korkmaz","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and surgical outcomes of vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy in patients with enlarged uteri due to benign, premalignant, and malignant conditions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Patients who underwent vNOTES hysterectomy at a tertiary gynecologic oncology center were included. Patients with large uteri (>280 g or equivalent to >12-week size) were included regardless of prior cesarean delivery, obesity, nulliparity, or the presence of premalignant or malignant pathology. Demographic data, surgical outcomes, and complication details were analyzed. Complications were classified as minor or major.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort consisted of 46 women with a median age of 54 (40-74) years, and median body mass index 31 (21-51) kg/m². A history of previous abdominal surgery was present in 58.7%, and 21.7% (10/46) had previously undergone cesarean section. The median operative time was 56 (35-95) minutes, and the median uterine weight was 410 (280-1036) grams. The overall conversion and complication rates were both 4.3% (n=2). No major complications were observed. Minor complications included intraoperative bleeding controlled without transfusion and postoperative vaginal bleeding managed conservatively. The median hospital stay was 30 (16-72) hours. All patients were discharged without requiring reoperation during the postoperative period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>vNOTES hysterectomy was a feasible and safe, minimally invasive approach for patients with enlarged uteri, including those with obesity, prior abdominal surgery, and premalignant or malignant indications. It provides favorable surgical outcomes with low complication and conversion rates. This study supports the use of the vNOTES technique with a broader adoption in patients with large uteri.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-site HPV infection in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: an exploratory analysis.","authors":"Tuğba Akçaoğlu, Yağmur Soykan, Neslihan Bayramoğlu Tepe, Ozan Doğan","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-3-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-3-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity is associated with cervical, oropharyngeal, and anal cancers. There is insufficient published evidence regarding the effectiveness of obtaining oropharyngeal and anal swabs from patients with cervical HPV positivity to detect potential pathologies. Our aim was to analyze the feasibility of this potential screening protocol in a pilot group.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional exploratory analysis, women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 1, 2, or 3 were recruited. In order to evaluate HPV infection beyond the cervix, oropharyngeal and anal swab samples from HPV-positive women presenting to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic with histopathologically confirmed CIN were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 women who provided informed consent were included in this pilot study. HPV 16 was the predominant cervical HPV type across all CIN grades (46.7% of cases), but HPV genotype did not significantly correlate with the severity of CIN lesions (p=0.786). No statistically significant association was found between cervical and anal HPV infections (p=0.427). Oral HPV positivity was rare (6.7%) and similarly showed no significant correlation with cervical HPV infection (p=0.499).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide preliminary data on the effectiveness of multi-site HPV screening in this population. Future larger-scale studies are needed to determine whether detecting extra-cervical HPV in women with cervical HPV positivity will influence clinical management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic management of a mature cystic teratoma in the fallopian tube.","authors":"Ali Akdemir, Cihan Mutu, Gürdeniz Serin, Necmettin Özdemir","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2024-12-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2024-12-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective is to present the laparoscopic management of a mature cystic teratoma originating from the fallopian tube and to discuss different surgical approaches. A 28-year-old nulliparous woman presented with right groin pain, and after the diagnostic evaluation, laparoscopic exploration was performed for diagnosis and treatment. Intraoperative findings revealed a 4-5 cm cyst protruding from the right tubal fimbrial ostium was identified, originating from the tubal cavity without ovarian connection. The cyst was successfully extracted through milking technique, preserving the fallopian tube. Mature cystic teratomas of the fallopian tube are extremely rare, with approximately 75 cases reported in the literature. When located near the fimbrial end, direct extraction with tubal preservation is feasible, particularly important for patients desiring future fertility. This case demonstrates successful conservative laparoscopic management preserving tubal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between serum estradiol and progesterone levels one day before frozen embryo transfer and pregnancy rates in artificially prepared frozen embryo cycles: are there any threshold serum hormone levels to predict pregnancy in luteal support by the vaginal and subcutaneous route combined?","authors":"Levent Dikbaş, Michael H Dahan","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-1-13","DOIUrl":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the potential influence of serum estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) levels, measured one day before artificially prepared frozen embryo transfer (FET), on pregnancy rates in women who received combined vaginal and injectable P₄.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed the association between serum E₂ and P₄ levels on the day before FET in 167 cases prepared with hormone replacement therapy between February 2022 and October 2023. The primary outcomes assessed were the pregnancy and live birth rates. We modeled a cut-off serum value based on luteal support for pregnancy. Luteal support was through a combination of vaginal suppositories and subcutaneous injections. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test relationships between pregnancy outcomes and independent variables. Cut-off values were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and percentile analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant relationships were found between serum E₂ or P₄ levels on the day before FET and pregnancy rates. The mean E₂ level was 169.0±51.9 pg/mL for individuals who achieved conception and 177.7±56.9 pg/mL for individuals who did not conceive (p=0.45). The corresponding values for P₄ were 28.1±18.4 ng/mL and 31.2±25.4 ng/mL, respectively (p=0.73). No differences were observed in body mass index (BMI) or endometrial thickness between the groups. Cut-off values for predicting pregnancy using E₂ and P₄ could not be determined using ROCs. However, no one in the lowest 10^th percentile of serum P₄ levels conceived (range 10.0-15.6 ng/mL). When multivariate logistic regression was used, this finding lost significance suggesting that low serum levels are related to age, BMI, and/or other factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In artificially prepared FET cycles, the serum E₂ and P₄ levels one day before embryo transfer do not significantly affect pregnancy rates in women with serum E₂ levels between 150-300 pg/mL and P₄ between 10-40 ng/mL when ROC was used for evaluation. However, percentile analysis suggests that serum P₄ levels should be more than 15.6 ng/mL when combined injectable and vaginal P₄ is used for programmed FET. Although this finding may be due to the confounding effects of age, BMI, and other factors affecting steroid metabolism, when controlled for in the multivariate logistic regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":" ","pages":"157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstetric brachial plexus injury: risk factors and clinical follow-up results.","authors":"Oğuz Arslan, Burak Giray, Niyazi Tuğ","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-3-3","DOIUrl":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2025.2025-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obstetric brachial plexus injury is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal factors associated with plexus injury and to analyze clinical follow-up outcomes and parental caregiving burden.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a retrospective descriptive study at the maternity center of a tertiary hospital. Deliveries resulting in obstetric plexus injury between February 2018 and December 2023 were included in the study. Out of 27,695 live births, 28 infants with plexus injury were identified and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the women who gave birth to infants with brachial plexus injury, 25 (89.3%) were aged 21-34 years, and 22 (78.6%) had a body mass index between 25 and 29.99 kg/m2. Of the cohort, 16 (57.1%) were multiparous, and 3 (10.7%) had gestational diabetes. In addition, 15 (53.6%) women underwent labor induction, and all had vaginal deliveries. Shoulder dystocia occurred in 11 deliveries (39.3%). Of the newborns with brachial plexus injury, 25 (89.3%) had Erb's palsy. The mean follow-up period for the infants was 12 (3-31) months. Injury recovery occurred in 24 babies (85.7%), while four babies (14.3%) experienced permanent injury. Regarding parental caregiving burden, 22 parents (78.6%) reported \"no to mild burden,\" while six parents (21.4%) reported a \"mild to moderate burden.\" No parents reported \"moderate to severe\" or \"severe burden\". All newborns with permanent damage developed shoulder dystocia at delivery (p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most infants with plexus injury recovered, while permanent injury was linked to shoulder dystocia, and parental caregiving burden was generally low.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"26 3","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}