Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Letter in Response to \"New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for Prevention of RSV During Infancy\" by Joseph B. Domachowske, et al.","authors":"Bradford D Gessner, Yasmeen Agosti, Jessica E Atwell, Pia D M MacDonald, Michelle Vichnin, Monica F Turiga","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Question of Protection: Hepatitis B Vaccine and Waning Antibody Levels.","authors":"Dannielle Grayer, Ravi Jhaveri","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Gastroenteritis Among Household Contacts of Children with Severe Norovirus Gastroenteritis, United States, 2011-2016.","authors":"Mary C Moran, Mary E Wikswo, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Leila C Sahni, Julie A Boom, Natasha Halasa, Laura S Stewart, Daniel C Payne, Mary Allen Staat, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Jan Vinjé, Umesh D Parashar, Jacqueline E Tate, Sara A Mirza","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children <11 years resulted in substantial AGE illness among household contacts (HHCs). Vomiting (≥5 episodes in 24 hours) was the greatest risk factor (aOR, 2.85, [95% CI, 1.91-4.26]) for AGE symptoms among HHCs of norovirus-positive index cases. HHCs age 0-4 years had the highest attack rates (22%).</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Services for Children Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Multiregional Site Survey.","authors":"Katherine Laycock, Karl-Günter Technau, Patricia Lelo, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Caroline Yonaba, Jorge Pinto, Michael Menser, Fernanda Maruri, Francesca Odhiambo, Ethel Rambiki, Pélagie Babakazo, Van Lam Nguyen, Madeleine Folquet, Daisy Maria Machado, Nelson Kalema, Guy Muula, Ellen Brazier, Dinh Qui Nguyen, Joycelyn Dame, Marco Tulio Luque, Aggrey Semeere, Brian Eley, Marcel Yotebieng, Azar Kariminia, Vanessa Rouzier, Helen Byakwaga, Olivier Marcy, Leslie A Enane","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children living with HIV (CLHIV), with gaps in TB screening, diagnostics, management, and TB preventive therapy (TPT). We investigated reported practices in these domains at sites caring for CLHIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) within the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a site survey from September 2020 to February 2021, querying pre-pandemic practices. This analysis included sites in LMICs providing care for CLHIV that diagnosed TB in 2019. We analyzed responses using descriptive statistics and assessed regional differences using Fisher's exact or chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 238 IeDEA sites, 227 (95%) responded and 135 met the inclusion criteria. Most (90%) reported screening for TB at HIV care enrollment. Access to diagnostics varied significantly by region, including nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT, range 67-100%), mycobacterial culture (range 43%-83%), and drug susceptibility testing (range 30%-82%) (P < .001). On-site TB treatment was high (90%). Reported stock-outs occurred for isoniazid (23/116, 20%) and other TB medications (11/114, 9.6%, range 0%-33%, P = .008). TPT provision ranged 50%-100% (P < .001). Six months of isoniazid was the most common TPT regimen for children (88%). Shorter TPT regimens were uncommon (0.9%-2.8%), as were regimens for multidrug-resistant TB exposure (4.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall reported availability of NAAT and integrated TB/HIV treatment for CLHIV cared for at these IeDEA sites in LMICs is encouraging but varies by context. Heterogeneous implementation gaps remain-particularly for drug susceptibility testing, TPT delivery, and TPT regimens-which may impede TB prevention, management, and successful outcomes for CLHIV, warranting continued close attention over time and as global TB care guidelines and services evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenovirus Species in U.S. Children With Acute Respiratory Illness, 2016-2019.","authors":"Varvara Probst, Tess Stopczynski, Justin Z Amarin, Adam Gailani, Herdi K Rahman, Laura S Stewart, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Christopher J Harrison, Mary E Moffatt, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Aaron T Curns, Heidi L Moline, Ariana P Toepfer, Susan I Gerber, James D Chappell, Andrew J Spieker, Natasha B Halasa","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI). HAdV-B, -C, and -E species have been associated with ARI, though relative detection frequencies in United States (U.S.) and respective roles in symptomatic respiratory infections remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, prospective viral surveillance study at 7 U.S. children's hospitals comprising the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from January 12, 2016 to November 30, 2019. Children <18 years old in the emergency department or hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled, and respiratory specimens were tested for HAdV and other viral pathogens. HAdV-positive specimens were subsequently typed using single-plex real-time PCR assays targeting sequences in the hexon gene. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes (hospitalization and supplemental oxygen use as severity indicators) were compared between HAdV-B and HAdV-C species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 29 381 children with ARI, 1843 (6.3%) had HAdV detected, with 1402 specimens (76.0%) successfully typed. HAdV-C was the most frequently detected species (73.0%), followed by HAdV-B (22.3%). Children with HAdV-C were younger than those with HAdV-B and more likely to have another respiratory pathogen. Among children without other detected respiratory pathogens, those with HAdV-C had lower odds of hospitalization compared with children with HAdV-B (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI, 0.27-0.73, P =.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study among children seen in the emergency department or hospitalized with ARI, those with HAdV-C had lower odds of hospitalization compared with HAdV-B. These findings warrant further assessment to identify which HAdV types contribute to illness severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI Findings of La Crosse Virus Encephalitis in the Pediatric Population.","authors":"Farimah Shariati, Shankar Ganapathy, Miraides Brown, Shankar Upadhyayula","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective cohort study describes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 56 patients with proven or probable La Crosse virus encephalitis. A review of the initial MRI images of patients during hospitalization revealed findings such as leptomeningeal enhancement, involvement of the thalamus, and the basal ganglia. Additionally, distinct findings of multiple punctate foci and frequent signal abnormality of the temporal lobe mimicking HSV were noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Preparatory Materials for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Initial Certifying Exam: A Targeted Needs Assessment.","authors":"Matthew M Sattler, Elizabeth H Ristagno, Juri Boguniewicz, Yasaman Fatemi, Hassan Jamal, Diego Cruz-Vidal, Simon Parzen-Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a national survey of current pediatric infectious diseases (PID) fellows and PID fellowship graduates from the past 10 years to assess satisfaction with existing PID initial certifying exam preparatory materials. Satisfaction with existing resources was low. The most desired new resource was additional board-style questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter Regarding JPIDS-2024-021.R1: \"New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for Prevention of RSV During Infancy\".","authors":"Ravi Jhaveri, Andrew S Handel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses in Human Milk.","authors":"Caitlin A Williams, Elisabeth A Murphy, Mackensie Gross, Savannah Herbek, Iman Mohammed, Ashley C Sukhu, Christine M Salvatore, Malavika Prabhu, Carrie D Johnston, Laura E Riley, Sallie R Permar, Yawei J Yang","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP immunizations significantly reduce severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and have been widely administered throughout the world including those who are pregnant and postpartum. However, our understanding of the immune response within the context of pregnancy and breastfeeding, especially the antibody kinetics and function within the breast milk compartment, is limited. To address this gap, we studied longitudinal blood and breast milk samples from lactating women throughout the primary immunization schedule and for several months after. The overarching goal of this study is to delineate the antibody kinetics, binding breadth, and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine-elicited antibodies within the breast milk compartment and compare to that in serum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 13 participants prior to receiving SARS-CoV-2 immunization. We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG or IgA in serum and self-collected breast milk in participants over a 6-month period. Breast milk was processed by removing lipids and cellular debris by cold centrifugation, and skim milk was then filtered for binding antibody multiplexed assays and neutralization assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postpartum immunization with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits a robust IgG response and moderate IgA response in serum, which is transferred to breast milk. Serum was able to neutralize pseudovirus after completion of the vaccine schedule. These responses persisted for several months predominantly in persons with a potential history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunization elicits persistent anti-SARS-CoV-2 breast milk antibody responses. We found that hybrid immune individuals had enhanced neutralization and anti-Spike IgG in breast milk and serum. The impact of breast milk antibody on infant anto-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Pass Rates For the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Initial Certifying Exam (ICE) Would Be The \"ICING On The Cake\".","authors":"Ian C Michelow","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}