Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the tip of the iceberg: impacts of federal actions on state and local public health infrastructure.","authors":"Annabelle de St Maurice, Sharon Balter, Kelly Kimple, Zack Moore","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal evaluation of bone safety in children and adolescents with HIV-1 starting tenofovir alafenamide-containing antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Eva Natukunda, Aditya H Gaur, Jaime Gerardo Deville, Pope Kosalaraksa, Renate Strehlau, Elizabeth Castaño, Afaaf Liberty, Susanne Crowe, Ramesh Palaparthy, Vinicius Adriano Vieira, Kathryn Kersey, Natella Rakhmanina, Catherine M Gordon","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult participants taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in clinical trials had a better bone safety profile than those taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Herein, we report medium- to long-term effects of TAF-containing regimens on bone health in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post hoc pooled analysis of data from two phase 2/3 clinical studies (NCT01854775 and NCT02285114) evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of TAF-based regimens in children and adolescents with HIV-1. Participants were categorized into Group 1 (aged 12-<18 years, weighing ≥35 kg), Group 2 (aged 6-<12 years, weighing ≥25 kg), and Group 3 (aged ≥2 years, weighing 14-<25 kg). Evaluations included virologic suppression, height Z-score, Tanner stage, bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and total body less head (TBLH; absolute and height-for-age Z-score adjusted [HAZ-adjusted] for both), bone serum markers, bone-related adverse events, and pharmacokinetic assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 169 participants were enrolled and treated (78, 61, and 30 in Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Median (range) exposure to study drug was 320.3 (8.3-492.3), 290.1 (24.0-393.9), and 168.3 (9.0-193.0) weeks in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) rates were high across all groups. Spine and TBLH absolute BMD increased over time in all groups, and spine and TBLH HAZ-adjusted BMD Z-scores increased or remained stable in all groups. There were no significant changes in bone serum markers, and no treatment-related fractures or bone-related adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TAF-based regimens demonstrated acceptable medium- to long-term bone safety in children and adolescents with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline of Pediatric Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Japan.","authors":"Hiroki Kondou, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Kiyoko Amo, Ayano Inui, Mureo Kasahara, Akihiko Saitoh, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki, Takaaki Tanaka, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Takeshi Tsugawa, Kazuhiko Bessho, Takayuki Hoshina, Isao Miyairi, Ichiro Morioka, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Sotaro Mushiake, Ryo Sumazaki, Mitsuaki Hosoya","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) has been reported globally since April 2022. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence of AHUE in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide survey of AHUE was conducted in 2,510 pediatric hospitals by the Japan Pediatric Society. We retrospectively reviewed AHUE cases, defined by the World Health Organization's working case definition, and compared the incidence, clinical characteristics, and causative pathogens before the COVID-19 pandemic period (pre-pandemic, January 2017-December 2019) and during the pandemic period (pandemic, January 2020-June 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 707 cases (450 pre-pandemic, 257 pandemic) were reported. The median age was 3 years (interquartile range (IQR): 1-9 years), and 43.8% were female. The number of AHUE cases decreased significantly in the pandemic period (102.8 cases/year) compared with the pre-pandemic period (150.0 cases/year). Investigations of pathogen causing AHUE demonstrated that the most common cause was unknown, accounting for 64% and 75% of cases in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively. Among those whose pathogens were identified, the most common pathogens were Epstein-Barr virus (9.6%), cytomegalovirus (6.2%), and influenza (4.0%) in the pre-pandemic, and 7.0%, 3.5%, and 0.4% respectively in the pandemic period. SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus were only 2.7% and 1.9% respectively in the pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of AHUE cases decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period, and no increase in adenovirus associated disease or severe cases were observed in Japan.</p><p><strong>40-word summary: </strong>A nationwide survey of Pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) was conducted in Japan. The number of AHUE cases decreased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and no increase in severe cases were observed in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of T2Bacteria® Panel in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Patients: A Single Center Experience.","authors":"Lisa Hiskey, Heather L Glasgow, Diego Hijano, Jose Ferrolino, Ronald Dallas, Renee M Madden, Gabriela Maron, Randall T Hayden","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated use of the T2Bacteria® panel for diagnosis of bloodstream infection in pediatric HCT/CT patients. Overall, the panel expedited recognition of bloodstream infections, with results sooner than Gram stain and final blood culture identification. The T2Bacteria® panel contributed to a change to appropriate therapy in 23% of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor in Response to \"Give Me Five\": The Case for 5 Days of Antibiotics as the Default Duration for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.","authors":"Nicole M Poole, Preeti Jaggi, Sophie E Katz, Rana E El Feghaly","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018.","authors":"Shrijana Shrestha, Sanjeev M Bijukchhe, Brian Wahl, Michael J Carter, Rama Kandasamy, Meeru Gurung, Peter J O'Reilly, Marie Voice, Bhishma Pokhrel, Puja Amatya, Saugat Bhandari, Sonu Shrestha, Sarah Kelly, Dominic F Kelly, Stephen Thorson, David R Murdoch, Colin Fink, Maria Deloria Knoll, Andrew J Pollard","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory viruses commonly cause pneumonia in children. We aimed to identify respiratory viral nucleic acids in the nasopharynx of children admitted with pneumonia from 2014 to 2018, a period including a major earthquake (April 2015), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction (August 2015), and a fuel shortage (October 2015 to March 2016).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children 2 months to 14 years admitted to Patan Hospital between March 2014 and February 2018 with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia had nasopharyngeal swabs collected and tested with a multiplex panel for the presence of genetic material from 23 respiratory pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1343 children with pneumonia, 974 (72.5%) had the nucleic acids of at least one respiratory virus in the nasopharynx. The median age of children with any viral genetic material detected was lower than those without (1.18, IQR: 0.59-2.39 years; vs 2.01 years, IQR: 0.81-4.34 years; P < .001). Commonly detected viral nucleic acids included those of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (21.0%), rhino/enterovirus (30.8%), and parainfluenza (7.4%). The odds of detecting any respiratory viral genetic material in children with pneumonia increased by 1.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 3.06) in the year after the earthquake, when there were several aftershocks and a fuel crisis, relative to other periods and accounting for other potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of viral diagnostics in pediatric pneumonia and suggest that public health measures addressing environmental conditions during disasters might help reduce respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a Novel Stool Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Pediatric Tuberculosis Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Abigail Seeger, Joanna Ehrlich, Babongile Nkala, Tara Ness, Miguel Mario Cumbe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Shilzia Munguambe, Bariki Mtafya, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Sozinho Acacio, Lilian Komba, Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi, H Lester Kirchner, Christoph Lange, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Alexander Kay","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children have paucibacillary tuberculosis and cannot provide expectorated sputum. Invasive specimen collection, by gastric aspiration or sputum induction, has a low diagnostic yield. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and additive yield of a novel stool-based assay in children diagnosed with tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective case-control study from October 2020 to June 2023 in Eswatini, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Children under 15 years newly diagnosed with tuberculosis completed clinical examination, chest radiography, culture, sputum Xpert Ultra, stool Xpert Ultra, and stool-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (stool qPCR) assessment. Stool qPCR sensitivity was calculated against culture, a composite microbiological reference standard, and a clinical reference standard. Specificity was calculated in a control population of healthy, TB disease-free, child household contacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 456 children, 232 were diagnosed with TB and 224 controls. Stool sample collection was achieved in 95.6% of children. The qPCR was positive in 17.2% (40/232) of clinically diagnosed participants. In the same population, test positivity was 8% (13/162) for culture, 13.4% (27/202) sputum Xpert Ultra, and 14.8% (33/223) stool Xpert Ultra. When compared to a microbiological reference standard (any positive test), the sensitivity of stool qPCR was 35.6% (21/59). Specificity in the control population was 96.1% (196/204), and the additive yield of qPCR with all tests performed was of 8.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This stool qPCR assay can increase the microbiologic confirmation of tuberculosis in pediatric populations from TB high-burden settings. It may be particularly useful where resource limitations or clinical capacity impedes diagnostic specimen collection via sputum induction or gastric aspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter in Response to \"New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for Prevention of RSV During Infancy\" by Joseph B. Domachowske, et al.","authors":"Bradford D Gessner, Yasmeen Agosti, Jessica E Atwell, Pia D M MacDonald, Michelle Vichnin, Monica F Turiga","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Question of Protection: Hepatitis B Vaccine and Waning Antibody Levels.","authors":"Dannielle Grayer, Ravi Jhaveri","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Gastroenteritis Among Household Contacts of Children with Severe Norovirus Gastroenteritis, United States, 2011-2016.","authors":"Mary C Moran, Mary E Wikswo, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Leila C Sahni, Julie A Boom, Natasha Halasa, Laura S Stewart, Daniel C Payne, Mary Allen Staat, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Jan Vinjé, Umesh D Parashar, Jacqueline E Tate, Sara A Mirza","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children <11 years resulted in substantial AGE illness among household contacts (HHCs). Vomiting (≥5 episodes in 24 hours) was the greatest risk factor (aOR, 2.85, [95% CI, 1.91-4.26]) for AGE symptoms among HHCs of norovirus-positive index cases. HHCs age 0-4 years had the highest attack rates (22%).</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}