Decline of Pediatric Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Japan.

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI:10.1093/jpids/piaf063

Hiroki Kondou, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Kiyoko Amo, Ayano Inui, Mureo Kasahara, Akihiko Saitoh, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki, Takaaki Tanaka, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Takeshi Tsugawa, Kazuhiko Bessho, Takayuki Hoshina, Isao Miyairi, Ichiro Morioka, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Sotaro Mushiake, Ryo Sumazaki, Mitsuaki Hosoya

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) has been reported globally since April 2022. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence of AHUE in Japan.

Methods: A nationwide survey of AHUE was conducted in 2,510 pediatric hospitals by the Japan Pediatric Society. We retrospectively reviewed AHUE cases, defined by the World Health Organization's working case definition, and compared the incidence, clinical characteristics, and causative pathogens before the COVID-19 pandemic period (pre-pandemic, January 2017-December 2019) and during the pandemic period (pandemic, January 2020-June 2022).

Results: In total, 707 cases (450 pre-pandemic, 257 pandemic) were reported. The median age was 3 years (interquartile range (IQR): 1-9 years), and 43.8% were female. The number of AHUE cases decreased significantly in the pandemic period (102.8 cases/year) compared with the pre-pandemic period (150.0 cases/year). Investigations of pathogen causing AHUE demonstrated that the most common cause was unknown, accounting for 64% and 75% of cases in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively. Among those whose pathogens were identified, the most common pathogens were Epstein-Barr virus (9.6%), cytomegalovirus (6.2%), and influenza (4.0%) in the pre-pandemic, and 7.0%, 3.5%, and 0.4% respectively in the pandemic period. SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus were only 2.7% and 1.9% respectively in the pandemic period.

Conclusions: The number of AHUE cases decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period, and no increase in adenovirus associated disease or severe cases were observed in Japan.

40-word summary: A nationwide survey of Pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) was conducted in Japan. The number of AHUE cases decreased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and no increase in severe cases were observed in Japan.

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2019冠状病毒病大流行期间日本不明原因儿童急性肝炎发病率下降

背景：自2022年4月以来，全球报告了不明原因的儿科急性肝炎（AHUE）。本研究旨在探讨2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对日本AHUE发病率的影响。方法：日本儿科学会在全国2510家儿科医院开展了AHUE调查。我们回顾性回顾了世界卫生组织工作病例定义定义的AHUE病例，并比较了COVID-19大流行期间（大流行前，2017年1月- 2019年12月）和大流行期间（大流行期间，2020年1月- 2022年6月）的发病率、临床特征和致病病原体。结果：共报告707例（大流行前450例，大流行257例）。年龄中位数为3岁（四分位间距为1 ~ 9岁），女性占43.8%。与大流行前（150.0例/年）相比，大流行期间AHUE病例数（102.8例/年）显著减少。对引起AHUE的病原体的调查表明，最常见的原因尚不清楚，分别占大流行前和大流行期间病例的64%和75%。在已查明病原体的人群中，大流行前最常见的病原体为爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（9.6%）、巨细胞病毒（6.2%）和流感（4.0%），大流行期间分别为7.0%、3.5%和0.4%。SARS-CoV-2和腺病毒在大流行期间分别仅为2.7%和1.9%。结论：在新冠肺炎大流行期间，与大流行前相比，日本的AHUE病例数有所减少，腺病毒相关疾病和重症病例未见增加。40字摘要：在日本开展了一项全国性的不明原因儿童急性肝炎（AHUE）调查。在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，日本的AHUE病例数有所下降，重症病例未见增加。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

179

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (JPIDS), the official journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, is dedicated to perinatal, childhood, and adolescent infectious diseases. The journal is a high-quality source of original research articles, clinical trial reports, guidelines, and topical reviews, with particular attention to the interests and needs of the global pediatric infectious diseases communities.