Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"MRI Findings of La Crosse Virus Encephalitis in the Pediatric Population.","authors":"Farimah Shariati, Shankar Ganapathy, Miraides Brown, Shankar Upadhyayula","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective cohort study describes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 56 patients with proven or probable La Crosse virus encephalitis. A review of the initial MRI images of patients during hospitalization revealed findings such as leptomeningeal enhancement, involvement of the thalamus, and the basal ganglia. Additionally, distinct findings of multiple punctate foci and frequent signal abnormality of the temporal lobe mimicking HSV were noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenovirus Species in U.S. Children With Acute Respiratory Illness, 2016-2019.","authors":"Varvara Probst, Tess Stopczynski, Justin Z Amarin, Adam Gailani, Herdi K Rahman, Laura S Stewart, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Christopher J Harrison, Mary E Moffatt, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Aaron T Curns, Heidi L Moline, Ariana P Toepfer, Susan I Gerber, James D Chappell, Andrew J Spieker, Natasha B Halasa","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI). HAdV-B, -C, and -E species have been associated with ARI, though relative detection frequencies in United States (U.S.) and respective roles in symptomatic respiratory infections remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, prospective viral surveillance study at 7 U.S. children's hospitals comprising the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from January 12, 2016 to November 30, 2019. Children <18 years old in the emergency department or hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled, and respiratory specimens were tested for HAdV and other viral pathogens. HAdV-positive specimens were subsequently typed using single-plex real-time PCR assays targeting sequences in the hexon gene. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes (hospitalization and supplemental oxygen use as severity indicators) were compared between HAdV-B and HAdV-C species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 29 381 children with ARI, 1843 (6.3%) had HAdV detected, with 1402 specimens (76.0%) successfully typed. HAdV-C was the most frequently detected species (73.0%), followed by HAdV-B (22.3%). Children with HAdV-C were younger than those with HAdV-B and more likely to have another respiratory pathogen. Among children without other detected respiratory pathogens, those with HAdV-C had lower odds of hospitalization compared with children with HAdV-B (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI, 0.27-0.73, P =.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study among children seen in the emergency department or hospitalized with ARI, those with HAdV-C had lower odds of hospitalization compared with HAdV-B. These findings warrant further assessment to identify which HAdV types contribute to illness severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Services for Children Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Multiregional Site Survey.","authors":"Katherine Laycock, Karl-Günter Technau, Patricia Lelo, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Caroline Yonaba, Jorge Pinto, Michael Menser, Fernanda Maruri, Francesca Odhiambo, Ethel Rambiki, Pélagie Babakazo, Van Lam Nguyen, Madeleine Folquet, Daisy Maria Machado, Nelson Kalema, Guy Muula, Ellen Brazier, Dinh Qui Nguyen, Joycelyn Dame, Marco Tulio Luque, Aggrey Semeere, Brian Eley, Marcel Yotebieng, Azar Kariminia, Vanessa Rouzier, Helen Byakwaga, Olivier Marcy, Leslie A Enane","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children living with HIV (CLHIV), with gaps in TB screening, diagnostics, management, and TB preventive therapy (TPT). We investigated reported practices in these domains at sites caring for CLHIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) within the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a site survey from September 2020 to February 2021, querying pre-pandemic practices. This analysis included sites in LMICs providing care for CLHIV that diagnosed TB in 2019. We analyzed responses using descriptive statistics and assessed regional differences using Fisher's exact or chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 238 IeDEA sites, 227 (95%) responded and 135 met the inclusion criteria. Most (90%) reported screening for TB at HIV care enrollment. Access to diagnostics varied significantly by region, including nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT, range 67-100%), mycobacterial culture (range 43%-83%), and drug susceptibility testing (range 30%-82%) (P < .001). On-site TB treatment was high (90%). Reported stock-outs occurred for isoniazid (23/116, 20%) and other TB medications (11/114, 9.6%, range 0%-33%, P = .008). TPT provision ranged 50%-100% (P < .001). Six months of isoniazid was the most common TPT regimen for children (88%). Shorter TPT regimens were uncommon (0.9%-2.8%), as were regimens for multidrug-resistant TB exposure (4.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall reported availability of NAAT and integrated TB/HIV treatment for CLHIV cared for at these IeDEA sites in LMICs is encouraging but varies by context. Heterogeneous implementation gaps remain-particularly for drug susceptibility testing, TPT delivery, and TPT regimens-which may impede TB prevention, management, and successful outcomes for CLHIV, warranting continued close attention over time and as global TB care guidelines and services evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Preparatory Materials for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Initial Certifying Exam: A Targeted Needs Assessment.","authors":"Matthew M Sattler, Elizabeth H Ristagno, Juri Boguniewicz, Yasaman Fatemi, Hassan Jamal, Diego Cruz-Vidal, Simon Parzen-Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a national survey of current pediatric infectious diseases (PID) fellows and PID fellowship graduates from the past 10 years to assess satisfaction with existing PID initial certifying exam preparatory materials. Satisfaction with existing resources was low. The most desired new resource was additional board-style questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter Regarding JPIDS-2024-021.R1: \"New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for Prevention of RSV During Infancy\".","authors":"Ravi Jhaveri, Andrew S Handel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Perspectives on Decision-Making for Newborn RSV Prophylaxis With Nirsevimab.","authors":"Sara Rizzuto Steinberg, Shetal Shah, Jasmin Cuevas, Muhammad T K Zia","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of disease and spectrum of illness from enterovirus-D68 infections in U.S. children 0-2 years of age from a longitudinal community-based cohort, 2017-2019.","authors":"Zheyi Teoh, Claire M Midgley, Shannon Conrey, Allison Burrell, Brendon White, Claire P Mattison, Meredith L McMorrow, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Marissa Vawter-Lee, Ardythe L Morrow, Daniel C Payne, Mary Allen Staat","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this 2017-2019 community-based cohort, 245 healthy children were followed from birth to age two years. 46 EV-D68 infections were detected by nasal swabs, all between 08/2018-11/2018, with no detections in other study periods. 46% of infections met ARI criteria, of which 33% were medically attended; none required hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Challenges with Vitamin A Use in Measles.","authors":"Randal De Souza, Katia C Halabi, Juan D Chaparro, Pavel Prusakov, Alisha Chesser, Matthew C Washam, Masako Shimamura, Guliz Erdem","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease spectrum before third-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation.","authors":"Corinne Levy, Aude Estivaux, Emmanuelle Varon, Stéphane Béchet, Naim Ouldali, Isabelle Hau, Robert Cohen","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), besides the decrease of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), the clinical spectrum of the remaining cases changed, with many differences among serotypes. This study aimed to describe the clinical profile of IPD and the serotype distribution 15 years after PCV13 implementation and before the implementation of third-generation PCVs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2017 to 2022, 128 French pediatric wards prospectively reported IPDs in children. Data were collected on demographics and clinical data, underlying conditions increasing the risk of IPD and outcome. Four clinical entities were considered: meningitis, bacteremia without source, bacteremic pneumonia, and other IPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 931 IPD cases (median age of children 19.2 months, IQR:7.7-52.5), meningitis accounted for 36.4%, followed by bacteremia without source (31.6%), bacteremic pneumonia (20.5%) and other IPDs (11.5%). Underlying conditions were reported in 21.5% of children. Death was reported in 4.8% of IPD cases and meningitis represented 51.1% of fatal cases. PCV13 serotypes, mainly 3, 19A and 19F, still accounted for 15.0% of cases. PCV15 covered 6.2% more serotypes than did PCV13, whereas PCV20 covered 29.1% more serotypes than did PCV15. PCV20 non-PCV13 and PCV13 serotypes accounted for 33.3% and 11.1% of deaths, respectively. Serotype 24F ranked first and accounted for 16.4% of overall IPD cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From 2017 to 2022, among 931 IPD cases, PCV20 non-PCV13 serotypes (35.0% of cases) were implicated in 33.3% of deaths. Serotype 24F ranked first in overall IPD cases but is not included in third-generation PCVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcal serology reference intervals in an Australian pediatric cohort.","authors":"Shu Ki Tsoi, Sharon Choo, Lai-Yang Lee, Paul Monagle, Stephen Hearps, Vasiliki Karlaftis, Chantal Attard, Janet Burgess, Chuong Tran, Sheree Bazeley, Natalie Challen, Andrew C Steer, Joshua Osowicki","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnostic criteria for acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the two major autoimmune complications of Streptococcus pyogenes infection, include serological evidence of preceding infection. The S. pyogenes proteins streptolysin O (ASO) and deoxyribonuclease B (ADB) are the most widely used targets for clinical streptococcal serology. We aimed to establish age-based reference intervals (RI) for healthy children in Victoria, Australia, to guide interpretation of anti-streptolysin O levels measured by turbidimetry and nephelometry, and anti-deoxyribonuclease B levels by nephelometry. MethodsSerum samples were collected from healthy pediatric cohorts aged 32 weeks gestation to < 18 years at 4 hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, between February 2015 and October 2018. ASO levels were measured in two cohorts, by turbidimetry in Cohort 1, and by nephelometry in Cohort 2. ADB levels were measured by nephelometry in Cohort 2. Reference intervals (RI) for each age group were generated, including 80% upper limit of normal (ULN) cut-offs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASO levels were measured by turbidimetry for 359 samples from Cohort 1, and ASO and ADB levels were measured by nephelometry for 360 samples from Cohort 2. ASO levels, measured by turbidimetry, were highest in children 5 to 9 years of age (80% ULN 346 IU/mL) in Cohort 1. For Cohort 2, there was a linear age-related increase in ASO levels measured by nephelometry (80% ULN 426 IU/mL in those 15 to < 18 years old) and ADB levels were highest in children aged 10 to 14 years (80% ULN 454 IU/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We established age-specific RI for ASO and ADB levels measured by turbidimetry and nephelometry for healthy Australian children. This study highlights the importance of local method-specific age-based RI to interpret ASO and ADB levels when clinicians suspect acute rheumatic fever or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}