Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Breaks in the Cascade of Care: Evidence to Shift From Facility-Based Screening of Household Contacts of People With Tuberculosis in Rural Tanzania.","authors":"Ghassan Ilaiwy, Scott K Heysell, Saning'o Lukumay, Domitila Agustino, Paulo Mejan, Kusulla Simeon, Estomih Mduma, Tania A Thomas","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing of Tecovirimat in Water to Support Oral Dosing of Infants and Children With Mpox.","authors":"Zixuan Wei, Kristina M Brooks, Sharon Nachman, Grace Aldrovandi, Timothy Wilkin, William Fischer, Jennifer J Kiser, Jason Zucker","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macaque models of prenatal and postnatal Zika virus exposure and developmental outcomes.","authors":"Jake Gutkes, Nicholas P Krabbe, Karla Ausderau, Emma L Mohr","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prenatal and postnatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure can result in a constellation of developmental deficits in human infants that present during early childhood. Translational rhesus macaques models have been developed to interrogate these deficits. Here, we summarize and interpret the developmental findings from rhesus macaque studies of prenatal or postnatal ZIKV exposure. We looked for potential biomarkers that could be used to identify infants at risk for developmental deficits. Visual orientation and motor deficits were the most common developmental deficits across the studies. We identified a potential association between prolonged maternal RNAemia and worse infant developmental outcomes in prenatal exposure studies. Therefore, longitudinal screening of maternal blood for ZIKV RNA may help identify human infants at risk for visual orientation and motor deficits in early childhood; however, the diversity of research protocols across the groups made it challenging to make definitive associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Precautions for Preventing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pediatric Healthcare Settings: Pros, Cons, and Future Actions.","authors":"Stephanie Mayoryk, Xiaoyan Song","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although contact precautions (CP) have proven effective in protecting patients and healthcare providers and preventing the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities, pediatric patients under CP may experience unintended effects, including psychosocial stress and limited access to developmentally appropriate activities. Modifying or discontinuing the routine use of CP based on risk assessment results may enhance their overall benefits. Facilities that opt to modify or cease the routine use of CP should base their decisions on 1) compliance with the local regulations related to MRSA; 2) institutional compliance with CP for patients with MRSA infection and/or colonization, and 3) assessment of local MRSA data. Irrespective of any changes, all pediatric facilities should conduct ongoing assessments of MRSA-specific risks and monitor compliance with infection control practices. The results of these activities should guide the optimal use of CP to prevent MRSA infections among hospitalized pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting progression of STEC-HUS: Use of Shiga toxin subtype and routine laboratory screening.","authors":"Lydia Maleknia, Zahra Samiezade-Yazd, Xing Luu, Matthew Cranshaw, Miranda Ritterman Weintraub, Tara L Greenhow","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is life-threatening sequelae of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) enteric infection. To address ambiguity in medical literature, we aimed to identify which STEC toxin profiles and clinical variables were at highest risk of HUS progression to inform evidence-based screening guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a 5-year retrospective study of children aged <18 years with E. coli O157, Shiga toxin 1 (stx1), or Shiga toxin 2 (stx2)-positive stool. Demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory studies, and HUS progression were abstracted from the electronic health record. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression identified variables associated with HUS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,071 children with STEC, 55 were hospitalized with HUS (mean age 4.4 years [SD 3.7]). Predictors of HUS were age < 5 years and stool positive for E. coli O157 with stx2, or non-O157 stx2. No children of any age with O157 alone, O157 and stx1, or non-O157 stx1 and stx2 developed HUS. The prevalence of HUS with non-O157 stx1 alone was 0.2%.  Vomiting, dehydration, abnormal blood counts and chemistry were the only clinical variables associated with HUS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We urge care management guidelines based on E. coli serotype and stx. All families of children with STEC should be counseled on the signs and symptoms of HUS and the steps to prevent dehydration; however, serial laboratory monitoring for HUS screening can be reserved for children at highest risk for HUS. Given the substantial differences in HUS risk with stx2 as the main driver of HUS, we advocate that laboratories provide stx results to better inform anticipatory guidance. .</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare-Associated Gastroenteritis: Outbreak Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Nathan L'Etoile, Morgan Zalot, Salma Sadaf, Nicole Wittmeyer, Anna Davis, Jordan Mick, Ericka Hayes, Kathleen Gibbs, Susan E Coffin","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare-associated gastroenteritis continues to be associated with significant pediatric morbidity and mortality despite the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. Infection prevention (IP) measures are critical in mitigating outbreaks. We describe an outbreak of norovirus and effective IP strategies utilized and calculated the costs associated with the outbreak. To demonstrate the burden of these events, we conducted a systematic review of pediatric healthcare-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks since 1973 to describe changing epidemiologic trends. Twenty-four publications describing 27 outbreaks were included in the final analysis with 293 healthcare-associated cases. Rotavirus (14) and norovirus (7) outbreaks were most commonly described. Limitations include the retrospective nature of included reports, non-uniform data ascertainment and reporting among publications. Norovirus has replaced rotavirus as the most common etiology of healthcare-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks in North America, Europe, and Australia and New Zealand, since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of TB Infection-Related Outpatient Clinical Outcomes Across Neighborhood-Level Deprivation Quartiles.","authors":"Melissa E Day, Qing Duan, Mary Carol Burkhardt, Melissa Klein, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Andrew F Beck","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric tuberculosis infection (TBI) disproportionately affects those in complex social situations. Neighborhood characteristics may influence access to care and TBI-related outcomes. We sought to examine links between neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we identified children with TBI treated at our pediatric infectious diseases clinics between 2012-2023. We geocoded each child's address to identify neighborhood-level material community deprivation index (MCDI) scores. Outcomes included missed clinic visits, missed antibiotic doses, and changes in antibiotic therapy due to adherence concerns. We assessed time between referral and first visit, first and second visits, and first and last visits. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and chi-squared tests examined relationships between DI quartile and clinical outcomes. Log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazard regression models evaluated time-to-event analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 150 children with TBI. There were no differences across MCDI quartiles in rates of missed clinic visits, missed antibiotic doses, changed therapy, or therapy completion. Higher deprivation was associated with longer time between referral and first visit (median 12 days for low/moderate-low deprivation quartiles vs. 24 days for high/moderate-high deprivation quartiles, p=0.004). The high/moderate-high deprivation category had a 39% lower hazard of getting to the first clinic visit after referral compared to the low/moderate-low deprivation category (HR 0.61; 95%CI 0.43, 0.85) after adjustment for race, insurance, and language.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with TBI from socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods have longer times from referral to first clinical evaluation. Exploring drivers of differences could promote more equitable TBI care.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Outpatient Telehealth: An Accepted Model of Care.","authors":"Celisse Zabalo, Athanasios Tsalatsanis, Ambuj Kumar, Claudia Espinosa, Amol Purandare, Carina A Rodriguez, Christina Olson, Claudia Gaviria-Agudelo","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective cohort study assessed the differences between in person vs telehealth (TH) services in pediatric infectious diseases. TH was noted to be used more frequently by Hispanic patients and established patients. TH decreased travel distance and no-show/cancellation rates. TH offers a valuable outpatient option for pediatric infectious disease patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking (Pneumonia) Down Memory Lane: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Returns.","authors":"Rebecca G Same, Jeffrey S Gerber","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Disorders and Use of Healthcare Services After Enteroviral Meningitis in Childhood: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Emma E Graham, Malte M Tetens, Jacob Bodilsen, Nanna S Andersen, Ram Dessau, Svend Ellermann-Eriksen, Kristina Franck, Sofie Midgley, Jens Kjølseth Møller, Alex Christian Nielsen, Lene Nielsen, Kirstine K Søgaard, Christian Østergaard, Anne-Mette Lebech, Ulrikka Nygaard, Lars H Omland, Niels Obel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nervous system infections are associated with long-term risks of neurological disorders and healthcare service utilization, but little data exist on the long-term risks of enteroviral meningitis in childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a population-based, nationwide registry-based matched cohort study (1997-2021). We included 925 children with enteroviral meningitis aged <17 years, a comparison cohort, and a cohort of siblings of all individuals. To illustrate short- and long-term risks of neurological disorders, we calculated 1-year cumulative incidences and age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) during years 1-20 of follow-up. We further calculated the annual proportion of individuals using antiepileptic medication and healthcare services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young infants (0 to <90 days) and older children (≥90 days to <17 years) had slightly increased short- and long-term risks of neurological disorders after enteroviral meningitis compared to comparison cohort members (1-year cumulative incidence: 1.4% vs 0.6%, and 1.5% vs 0.4%, 1-20-year adjusted hazard ratio: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.2-3.2] and 1.7 [95% CI: 1.0-2.8]). Older children had increased use of antiepileptic medication, as well as the use of health care services both before and after enteroviral meningitis, with a similar trend among their siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enteroviral meningitis in childhood appears to be associated with increased risk of short- and long-term neurological morbidity, though our estimates in older children may be confounded by prior neurological morbidity or increased healthcare-seeking behavior. Our findings suggest a generally good prognosis after enteroviral meningitis, though clinicians should be aware of the risk of neurological disorders in selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}