Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Introduction to the Histories of Pediatric ID Societies.","authors":"Debra L Palazzi, William J Steinbach","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE).","authors":"María L Avila-Agüero, Napoleón González-Saldaña, Valeria Prado","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of the African Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (AfSPID).","authors":"Tinsae Alemayehu, Joycelyn A Dame, Brian Eley, Adegoke Falade, Mark F Cotton","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORY OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR PAEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (NISPID).","authors":"Gina Oladokun, Tunde Ogunbosi","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Southern African Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (SASPID): History, Meetings, and Contributions.","authors":"Fikile C Mabena, James Nuttall, H Simon Schaaf, Mark Cotton","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piag078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Multi-Center Collaborative on Antibiotic Duration for Acute Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Urgent Care.","authors":"Amanda C Nedved, Brian R Lee, Luis E Sainz, Matthew P Kronman, Adam L Hersh, Victoria Parente, Rana F Hamdy, Rana E El Feghaly, For The Reducing Differences In Urgent Care Encounters For Antibiotic Choice ReDUCE Antibiotic Choice Quality Improvement Collaborative","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Updated guidance for common acute respiratory infections (ARIs) recommends shorter antibiotic durations. While stewardship efforts often focus on appropriate antibiotic selection, it remains unclear whether initiatives targeting first-line choice also influence duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of a national quality improvement collaborative including 92 pediatric urgent care sites across 9 organizations in 22 states and Washington, D.C. (April 2022-September 2024). The collaborative emphasized equitable first-line antibiotic selection; duration was not an explicit target. We included encounters for patients aged 6 months-18 years with ARI International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnoses resulting in an antibiotic prescription and excluded azithromycin. October 2023-April 2024 was defined as the intervention period during active Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. The primary outcome was short-course prescribing (≤7 days). Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression models estimated odds of ≤7-day duration across time periods (pre-collaborative, intervention, post-collaborative) and sociodemographic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 257 879 encounters, acute otitis media was most common (160 292; 62.2%). We saw an increase in ≤7-day duration prescribing from 33.4% pre-collaborative to 35.9% during the intervention and 37.8% post-collaborative. This increase was most notable for sinusitis (11.2% pre-collaborative to 33.9% post-collaborative). Compared with the pre-collaborative period, odds of ≤7-day duration were higher during intervention (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18, 1.25, P < 0.001) and post-collaborative periods (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.27, 1.35, P < 0.001). Differences in duration were observed by race, language, and payor type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During a collaborative focused on equitable first-line antibiotic selection, short-course prescribing increased, suggesting potential spillover to duration alongside broader secular trends. Persistent sociodemographic differences highlight the need to explicitly incorporate equity into outpatient stewardship efforts beyond antibiotic choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Pathogens in Pleural Fluid from Children with Complicated Pneumonia using the BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel.","authors":"Shannon M Nielsen, Paola J Fonseca-Romero, Mandy Dickey, Hillary Crandall, Krow Ampofo, Anne J Blaschke","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parapneumonic empyema (PPE) is a serious and increasingly reported complication of bacterial pneumonia in children. Molecular diagnostics have been shown to improve pathogen identification in this disease. The BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel increased pathogen identification in pediatric PPE and quantification was associated with positive culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Outcomes After 48 Weeks of Dolutegravir in Children and Adolescents With HIV-1 in IMPAACT P1093 and IMPAACT 2019.","authors":"Michael McKenna, Zrinka Lulic, Ann M Buchanan, Cynthia Brothers, Lionel K Tan, Marcia Wang, Sean Brummel, Lauren Ziemba, Theodore Ruel, Patricia M Flynn, Helena Rabie, Andrew Wiznia","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We evaluated growth outcomes in children and adolescents with HIV-1 initiating or switching to dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the single-arm International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Network studies P1093 and IMPAACT 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed descriptive post hoc analyses of body mass index-for-age (BAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and length/height-for-age z scores (L/HAZ) for each trial through Week 48. Changes in BAZ were assessed using a mixed model for repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included data from 181 and 57 participants from P1093 and IMPAACT 2019, respectively (10% [23/238] were adolescents). Baseline mean BAZ was -0.1 in P1093 and -0.7 in IMPAACT 2019. At Week 48, adjusted mean BAZ increased significantly in P1093 (0.3; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.49; P < .05) and non-significantly in IMPAACT 2019 (0.3; 95% CI, -0.03, 0.58; P = .074). Mean BAZ was in the normal range at Week 48 in both trials. Marked increases in BAZ were observed among subgroups with baseline BAZ <-2. By Week 48, 65% (117/181) of participants in P1093 and 74% (42/57) in IMPAACT 2019 remained in the same BAZ category. Improvements from severe or moderate malnutrition/thinness to normal weight occurred in 6% (10/181) and 7% (4/57) of participants in P1093 and IMPAACT 2019, respectively, while increases to overweight or obesity were observed in 9% (16/181) and 5% (3/57). Small changes were observed in overall mean WAZ and L/HAZ through Week 48 in both trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Small overall increases in BAZ were observed over 1 year among pediatric participants on dolutegravir-based ART, with most participants remaining in their baseline BAZ category.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial information: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01302847 and NCT03760458.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Herpetic Keratitis: Recurrence Predictors and Antiviral Prophylaxis Outcomes.","authors":"Elisabetta Venturini, Roberto Privato, Agnese Tamborino, Elena Chiappini, Francesca Piacentini, Roberto Caputo, Cinzia De Libero, Luisa Galli","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpetic keratitis (HK) is associated with frequent recurrences and vision-threatening sequelae, yet predictors of relapse remain poorly defined in children. Evidence on antiviral prophylaxis effectiveness is limited. We aimed to characterize recurrence patterns, identify predictors of recurrent disease, and evaluate prophylaxis-associated recurrence reduction in a pediatric HK cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied patients aged <18 years with HK at a tertiary pediatric referral center (2014-2026). Univariable and multivariable analyses identified predictors of recurrence and evaluated prophylaxis-associated recurrence reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four children were included. Median age at first episode was 7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4.0-9.5). Median follow-up was 2 years (IQR 1.0-5.5). Disease was bilateral in 4 children (5%). Recurrence occurred in 46/74 (62%), with a median of 3 episodes (IQR 2-5.8) among recurrent cases and a maximum of 15 in a single patient. In multivariable analysis, atopic phenotype was independently associated with both any recurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-11.08; P = .045) and multiple recurrences (aOR 7.52, 95% CI, 1.36-41.6; P = .021). Oral antiviral prophylaxis was prescribed in 50 (68%) and was associated with a 69% reduction in mean recurrence frequency (2.70 vs 0.84 episodes per patient; P < .001). Recurrence despite prophylaxis occurred in 29 of 50 children (58%), with no clinical predictor identified. Ocular sequelae were documented in 39 (53%) and were more frequent among relapsing children (P = .031).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric HK is characterized by a high burden of recurrent disease and ocular sequelae. Children with an atopic phenotype had more frequent recurrences and may need closer follow-up, with a lower threshold for starting antiviral prophylaxis and a higher one for stopping it. This approach needs prospective testing before it can be recommended. Weight-based antiviral prophylaxis was associated with reduction in recurrence frequency, although recurrence despite antiviral prophylaxis remained common. Further studies should optimize prophylaxis and clarify the atopy-recurrence link in pediatric HK.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Institutional Guidelines on Equitable Management of Pediatric Osteomyelitis.","authors":"Timothy Schurz, Cheyney C Dobson, Gary L Freed, William E Gillespie, Niko A Kaciroti, Harlan McCaffery, Jason B Weinberg, Elizabeth C Lloyd","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) in children requires timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management to optimize outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines aim to standardize care and reduce variation; however, their impact on health equity is not well understood. We evaluated whether implementation of institutional AHO guidelines improved care delivery and reduced disparities in sociodemographic groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 90 days to 18 years hospitalized with AHO at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients were stratified into pre- (September 1, 2014-July 31, 2017) and post-guideline implementation (November 1, 2017-December 31, 2023) periods. Care processes included blood culture acquisition, laboratory testing, imaging use and timing, bone biopsy, administration of any antibiotics, administration of appropriate empiric antibiotics, number of inpatient Pediatric Infectious Diseases (PID) consult visits, and Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery involvement. Outcomes were compared across demographic variables including race, ethnicity, preferred language, sex, age, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred thirty-one patients were included (35 pre-implementation, 96 post-implementation). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Following guideline implementation, rate of appropriate empiric antibiotic administration increased (79.1% vs. 37.1%, P < .001) and median number of inpatient PID consult visits increased (3 vs. 2, P = .039). Across the full cohort, patients from higher-deprivation neighborhoods were less likely to have blood cultures obtained (70.8% high ADI vs. 94.5% low ADI, P = .008). Black children had fewer PID consult visits (median 1 vs. 3 in other race groups, P < .001) as did children from high-ADI neighborhoods (median 2 vs. 3 in other ADI groups, P = .001). These disparities persisted in the post-implementation period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of an institutional AHO guideline increased appropriate empiric antibiotic use and PID subspecialty involvement but did not eliminate disparities in care delivery. Persistent differences by race and socioeconomic status highlight the need for equity-focused implementation strategies to ensure consistent, high-quality care for all children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}