Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Burden of Disease and Spectrum of Illness From Enterovirus-D68 Infections in US Children 0-2 Years of Age From a Longitudinal Community-Based Cohort, 2017-2019.","authors":"Zheyi Teoh, Claire M Midgley, Shannon Conrey, Allison Burrell, Brendon White, Claire P Mattison, Meredith L McMorrow, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Marissa Vawter-Lee, Ardythe L Morrow, Daniel C Payne, Mary Allen Staat","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this 2017-2019 community-based cohort, 245 healthy children were followed from birth to age 2 years. A total of 46 enterovirus-D68 infections were detected by nasal swabs, all occurring between August and November 2018, with no detections in other study periods. About 46% of infections met acute respiratory illness criteria, of which 33% were medically attended; none required hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Impacts of Federal Actions on State and Local Public Health Infrastructure.","authors":"Annabelle de St Maurice, Sharon Balter, Kelly Kimple, Zack Moore","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Infants at Low Risk for Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection.","authors":"Keerti L Dantuluri, Nathaniel S O'Connell, Gang Liu, Emilie Que Tam Dellit, Christine B Turley, Pablo J Sánchez, Amina Ahmed","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rare but associated with high rates of morbidity. Recent guidelines recommend considering HSV in infants ≤21 days of age presenting for sepsis evaluations with certain risk factors. However, limited data exist on the value of these risk factors in stratifying the risk for neonatal HSV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of infants ≤42 days of age who presented between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2023 for sepsis evaluations to identify infants at low risk for neonatal HSV infection. We used Firth logistic regression to measure the odds ratio of the presence of high-risk criteria between infants without and those with HSV infection. High-risk criteria included skin vesicles, seizures, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thrombocytopenia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and/or critical illness. We matched each case with control patients without neonatal HSV infection admitted within 45 days of the case. For each case, we identified 2 controls from group A, which included patients who tested negative for HSV, and 2 controls from group B, who may or may not have undergone HSV testing, but tested negative if they did.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two cases and 128 controls (64 in group A and 64 in group B) were identified. The mean age of cases was 14.3 days. The majority of cases were female, White, non-Hispanic, and born vaginally at term gestation. Controls, or infants without HSV, had lower prevalence of seizures, skin lesions, CSF pleocytosis, elevated ALT, thrombocytopenia, or critical illness compared to infants with HSV. The adjusted odds ratio of a control patient having at least 1 risk factor was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01-0.3) and 0.02 (95% CI, 0-0.08) for control groups A and B, respectively, compared to cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among infants presenting for neonatal sepsis evaluations, those without HSV infection are unlikely to present with seizures, skin lesions, elevated ALT, thrombocytopenia, CSF pleocytosis, or critical illness compared to infants with HSV. The lack of these criteria can be used to guide targeted evaluation and management of neonatal HSV infection to minimize testing and treatment of low-risk infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor in Response to \"Give Me Five\": The Case for 5 Days of Antibiotics as the Default Duration for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.","authors":"Nicole M Poole, Preeti Jaggi, Sophie E Katz, Rana E El Feghaly","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a Novel Stool Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Pediatric Tuberculosis Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Abigail Seeger, Joanna Ehrlich, Babongile Nkala, Tara Ness, Miguel Mario Cumbe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Shilzia Munguambe, Bariki Mtafya, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Sozinho Acacio, Lilian Komba, Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi, H Lester Kirchner, Christoph Lange, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Alexander Kay","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children have paucibacillary tuberculosis and cannot provide expectorated sputum. Invasive specimen collection, by gastric aspiration or sputum induction, has a low diagnostic yield. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and additive yield of a novel stool-based assay in children diagnosed with tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective case-control study from October 2020 to June 2023 in Eswatini, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Children under 15 years newly diagnosed with tuberculosis completed clinical examination, chest radiography, culture, sputum Xpert Ultra, stool Xpert Ultra, and stool-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (stool qPCR) assessment. Stool qPCR sensitivity was calculated against culture, a composite microbiological reference standard, and a clinical reference standard. Specificity was calculated in a control population of healthy, TB disease-free, child household contacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 456 children, 232 were diagnosed with TB and 224 controls. Stool sample collection was achieved in 95.6% of children. The qPCR was positive in 17.2% (40/232) of clinically diagnosed participants. In the same population, test positivity was 8% (13/162) for culture, 13.4% (27/202) sputum Xpert Ultra, and 14.8% (33/223) stool Xpert Ultra. When compared to a microbiological reference standard (any positive test), the sensitivity of stool qPCR was 35.6% (21/59). Specificity in the control population was 96.1% (196/204), and the additive yield of qPCR with all tests performed was of 8.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This stool qPCR assay can increase the microbiologic confirmation of tuberculosis in pediatric populations from TB high-burden settings. It may be particularly useful where resource limitations or clinical capacity impedes diagnostic specimen collection via sputum induction or gastric aspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018.","authors":"Shrijana Shrestha, Sanjeev M Bijukchhe, Brian Wahl, Michael J Carter, Rama Kandasamy, Meeru Gurung, Peter J O'Reilly, Marie Voice, Bhishma Pokhrel, Puja Amatya, Saugat Bhandari, Sonu Shrestha, Sarah Kelly, Dominic F Kelly, Stephen Thorson, David R Murdoch, Colin Fink, Maria Deloria Knoll, Andrew J Pollard","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory viruses commonly cause pneumonia in children. We aimed to identify respiratory viral nucleic acids in the nasopharynx of children admitted with pneumonia from 2014 to 2018, a period including a major earthquake (April 2015), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction (August 2015), and a fuel shortage (October 2015 to March 2016).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children 2 months to 14 years admitted to Patan Hospital between March 2014 and February 2018 with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia had nasopharyngeal swabs collected and tested with a multiplex panel for the presence of genetic material from 23 respiratory pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1343 children with pneumonia, 974 (72.5%) had the nucleic acids of at least one respiratory virus in the nasopharynx. The median age of children with any viral genetic material detected was lower than those without (1.18, IQR: 0.59-2.39 years; vs 2.01 years, IQR: 0.81-4.34 years; P < .001). Commonly detected viral nucleic acids included those of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (21.0%), rhino/enterovirus (30.8%), and parainfluenza (7.4%). The odds of detecting any respiratory viral genetic material in children with pneumonia increased by 1.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 3.06) in the year after the earthquake, when there were several aftershocks and a fuel crisis, relative to other periods and accounting for other potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of viral diagnostics in pediatric pneumonia and suggest that public health measures addressing environmental conditions during disasters might help reduce respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Gastroenteritis Among Household Contacts of Children with Severe Norovirus Gastroenteritis, United States, 2011-2016.","authors":"Mary C Moran, Mary E Wikswo, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Leila C Sahni, Julie A Boom, Natasha Halasa, Laura S Stewart, Daniel C Payne, Mary Allen Staat, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Jan Vinjé, Umesh D Parashar, Jacqueline E Tate, Sara A Mirza","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children <11 years resulted in substantial AGE illness among household contacts (HHCs). Vomiting (≥5 episodes in 24 hours) was the greatest risk factor (aOR, 2.85, [95% CI, 1.91-4.26]) for AGE symptoms among HHCs of norovirus-positive index cases. HHCs age 0-4 years had the highest attack rates (22%).</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter in Response to \"New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for Prevention of RSV During Infancy\" by Joseph B. Domachowske, et al.","authors":"Bradford D Gessner, Yasmeen Agosti, Jessica E Atwell, Pia D M MacDonald, Michelle Vichnin, Monica F Turiga","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Question of Protection: Hepatitis B Vaccine and Waning Antibody Levels.","authors":"Dannielle Grayer, Ravi Jhaveri","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenovirus Species in U.S. Children With Acute Respiratory Illness, 2016-2019.","authors":"Varvara Probst, Tess Stopczynski, Justin Z Amarin, Adam Gailani, Herdi K Rahman, Laura S Stewart, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Christopher J Harrison, Mary E Moffatt, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Aaron T Curns, Heidi L Moline, Ariana P Toepfer, Susan I Gerber, James D Chappell, Andrew J Spieker, Natasha B Halasa","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI). HAdV-B, -C, and -E species have been associated with ARI, though relative detection frequencies in United States (U.S.) and respective roles in symptomatic respiratory infections remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, prospective viral surveillance study at 7 U.S. children's hospitals comprising the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from January 12, 2016 to November 30, 2019. Children <18 years old in the emergency department or hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled, and respiratory specimens were tested for HAdV and other viral pathogens. HAdV-positive specimens were subsequently typed using single-plex real-time PCR assays targeting sequences in the hexon gene. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes (hospitalization and supplemental oxygen use as severity indicators) were compared between HAdV-B and HAdV-C species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 29 381 children with ARI, 1843 (6.3%) had HAdV detected, with 1402 specimens (76.0%) successfully typed. HAdV-C was the most frequently detected species (73.0%), followed by HAdV-B (22.3%). Children with HAdV-C were younger than those with HAdV-B and more likely to have another respiratory pathogen. Among children without other detected respiratory pathogens, those with HAdV-C had lower odds of hospitalization compared with children with HAdV-B (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI, 0.27-0.73, P =.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study among children seen in the emergency department or hospitalized with ARI, those with HAdV-C had lower odds of hospitalization compared with HAdV-B. These findings warrant further assessment to identify which HAdV types contribute to illness severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}