Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Ophthalmic Antibiotics on Clinical Outcomes and Transmissibility of Conjunctivitis Associated with Haemophilus influenzae versus Other Pathogens: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Elizabeth T Thomas, Rafael Perera-Salazar, Holly M Frost","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transmission rates among children with conjunctivitis were low and antibiotic use was not associated with reduced transmission. Policies recommending exclusion from daycare and school for conjunctivitis should be scrutinized as they may not reduce transmission and may increase unnecessary antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"349-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Pediatric Conjunctivitis Management and Return to Childcare and School Strategies: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Holly M Frost, Amy B Stein, Amy Keith, Timothy C Jenkins","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious conjunctivitis affects 1 in 8 children annually, resulting in high ophthalmic antibiotic prescribing and absenteeism from childcare and school. We aimed to quantify the cost-effectiveness and annual savings of 3 evidence-based approaches to conjunctivitis management and return to childcare and school compared to usual care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a decision analytic model from a societal perspective over a 1-year time horizon, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of 3 management strategies for children aged 6 months to 17 years with non-severe conjunctivitis compared to usual care in the United States. Strategies accounted for rate of transmission. Strategies included (1) refraining from prescribing ophthalmic antibiotics for non-severe conjunctivitis, (2) allowing children without systemic symptoms to attend childcare and school, (3) and the combined approach of refraining from prescribing ophthalmic antibiotics and allowing children without systemic symptoms to attend childcare and school.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated annual expenditure for pediatric conjunctivitis was $1.95 billion. Usual care was the most expensive ($212.73/episode), followed by refraining from ophthalmic antibiotic prescribing ($199.92) and allowing children without systemic symptoms to attend childcare and school ($140.18). The combined approach was the least costly ($127.38). Disutility was similar between approaches (quality-adjusted life days 0.271 vs 0.274). Refraining from antibiotic prescribing and the combination approach were dominant compared to usual care. The combined approach resulted in an estimated $783 million annual savings and 1.6 million ophthalmic antibiotic courses averted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conjunctivitis poses an economic burden that could be reduced by refraining from ophthalmic antibiotic use and allowing children without systemic symptoms to remain at school or childcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Impact of Nirsevimab on Ambulatory All-Cause Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Multicentric Surveillance Study in France.","authors":"Corinne Levy, Andreas Werner, Alexis Rybak, Stéphane Béchet, Christophe Batard, Frédéric Hassid, Roxane Desandes, Bruno Frandji, Naim Ouldali, Robert Cohen","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"371-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive Immunization Strategies to Prevent Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Newborns and Young Infants.","authors":"Manika Suryadevara","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newborns and young infants are at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection. Passive immunity is the mainstay of infection prevention in this cohort. Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies provides the newborn with immediate protection from life-threatening infections, however, is dependent upon gestational age, birth weight, mother's age, recent maternal vaccination, maternal nutritional status, maternal immunocompetence and medical conditions, and placental integrity. Efficient transplacental transfer of RSV-neutralizing antibodies have led to the development and approval of maternal RSV immunization for the protection of the newborn. Additionally, administration of RSV-specific antibodies to infants leads to high serum titers of RSV-neutralizing antibodies and further protection from severe disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"13 Supplement_2","pages":"S110-S114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSV Prevention Within Reach for Older Infants and Toddlers: The Role of Active Immunization.","authors":"Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article will summarize the vaccines and monoclonal antibodies currently under evaluation for the prevention of RSV disease in older infants, toddlers and young children. We will review the rationale for passive protection during the first months of life, and the role of active immunization afterwards, either with live attenuated, protein-based or mRNA vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"13 Supplement_2","pages":"S125-S130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Regulatory Pathways Used to Develop, Evaluate, Authorize, and Approve New Drugs and Vaccines in the United States.","authors":"Joseph B Domachowske","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees the safety and quality of drugs and vaccines that are used in the U.S. Administration of the FDA falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The regulatory oversight of the FDA is complex and comprehensive, requiring the various roles and responsibilities to be divided across six main centers. The activities of two of these centers, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) are the primary focus of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"13 Supplement_2","pages":"S93-S102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for the Prevention of RSV Infection During Infancy.","authors":"Joseph B Domachowske","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, safe and effective strategies to prevent medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness across the infant population have been limited to passive immunoprophylaxis for those at highest risk. While active vaccination strategies are finally available to protect adults 60 years and older from serious RSV infection, safe and effective vaccines for use in children have yet to emerge. In contrast, passive immunization strategies designed to protect all infants against RSV has finally met with success, with 2 new strategies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration during the second half of 2023. The first RSV passive immunization strategy to gain licensure for use in all infants is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody directed against an antigenic binding site on the RSV-F prefusion protein, a conformation not known to exist until 2013. The second novel passive immunization strategy approved during 2023 that has the potential to protect much of the infant population from RSV during young infancy centers on boosting preexisting RSV immunity during pregnancy using a prefusion RSV-F vaccine. The resulting boosted humoral immune response to RSV in the mother becomes part of the transplacental antibody endowment that is actively transported across the placenta to provide protection to those babies born at or near term. This review describes how and why these advances came to fruition seemingly \"all at once\" and provides insight into other passive immunization approaches that remain under development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"S115-S124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology Among Children: Linking Effective Prevention to Vulnerable Populations.","authors":"Danielle Daniels","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the greatest contributor to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children less than 5 years of age and the leading cause for infant hospitalizations in the United States (US). The burden of severe disease disproportionately impacts racial and ethnic minority groups, highlighting the need for interventions that promote health equity. Recent advancements in effective prophylactic agents have the potential to drastically alter the landscape of RSV disease among all young children. The effectiveness of prophylaxis, however, will rely on a clear understanding of RSV epidemiology. The purpose of this review is to discuss key aspects of RSV epidemiology while focusing on efforts to support equitable distribution of prophylactic agents to mitigate existing health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"13 Supplement_2","pages":"S131-S136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to This JPIDS Supplement: All Infant Protection Against Serious RSV Disease.","authors":"Joseph B Domachowske","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"13 Supplement_2","pages":"S91-S92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Still Pending: Post-exposure Prophylactic Measures Against Varicella-Zoster Virus.","authors":"Hideharu Hagiya, Shinnosuke Fukushima","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}