Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"ID Consultant: Laboratory Monitoring During Long-Term Use of Oral Antimicrobials in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Kevin J Downes, Tinsae Alemayehu, Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral antimicrobials remain the mainstay of long-term treatment for many infections. Meanwhile, the use of oral agents is becoming commonplace for the treatment of several pediatric infections once managed exclusively with parenteral therapies. Unfortunately, antimicrobials are associated with several laboratory toxicities, particularly when high doses or combination therapies are used, but there is a paucity of data on optimal laboratory monitoring strategies. In this ID Consultant article, we offer a summary of the 3 most common laboratory-based toxicities seen with long-term use of oral antimicrobials-drug-induced kidney injury, liver injury, and hematological toxicities-and we provide our recommended approach to monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"551-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentation and Outcomes of Lassa Fever in Children in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study (LASCOPE).","authors":"Alexandre Duvignaud, Ijeoma C Etafo, Marie Jaspard, Qasim Salau, Béatrice Serra, Abiodun J Kareem, Sylvain Juchet, Tolulope O Jegede, Delphine Gabillard, Abiodun T Abidoye, Camille Le Gal, Chukwuyem Abejegah, Sampson Owhin, Kevin Okwaraeke, Mahamadou Doutchi, Jackson Katembo Vihundira, Rene-M Besong-Lache, Benjamin Seri, Marion Bérerd-Camara, Alex P A Salam, Adebola Olayinka, Peter Horby, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Sophie Duraffour, Liasu A Ahmed, Stephan Günther, Akinola N Adedosu, Xavier Anglaret, Denis Malvy, Hans J Lang, Oladele O Ayodeji","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on the presentation, management, and outcomes of Lassa fever (LF) in children are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Description of the clinical and biological features, treatment, and outcomes of reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed LF in children aged under 15, enrolled in the LASsa fever clinical COurse and Prognostic factors in an Epidemic context (LASCOPE) prospective cohort study in Nigeria between April 2018 and February 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred twenty-four children (aged under 12 months: 19; over 12 months: 105) were hospitalized with RT-PCR-confirmed LF. All received intravenous ribavirin. During follow-up, 99/124 (80%) had fever; 71/124 (57%) had digestive symptoms, vomiting (n = 56/122, 46%) and abdominal pain (n = 34/78 aged ≥5 years, 44%) more often than diarrhea (n = 19/124, 15%); 17/124 (14%) had hemorrhagic signs; 44/112 (39%) had a hematocrit lower than 25%, of whom 32/44 (73%) received transfusions; 44/88 (50%) developed hypotension; 18/112 (16.1%) developed kidney disease improving global outcome (KDIGO) ≥2 acute kidney injury; 10/112 (8.9%) had KDIGO 3 acute kidney failure; 4/124 (3.2%) underwent renal replacement therapy. Seven children died, including 4 aged under 12 months (case fatality rate: under 12 months-22%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7%-48%; over 12 months-2.9%, 95% CI: 0.7%-8.7%). In univariable analysis, age (P = .003), impaired consciousness (P = .026), and Lassa RT-PCR Ct value (P = .006) were associated with Day 30 mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fatality rate for children over 12 months hospitalized with LF was lower than that previously reported for adults. Hypotension and acute kidney injury were the most frequent organ dysfunctions. Bleeding was relatively infrequent. Anemia and the need for transfusion were common, the relative contribution of ribavirin-induced hemolysis being unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"513-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam Treatment for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in a South African Children's Hospital.","authors":"Hafsah Deepa Tootla, Saamiya Van Niekerk, Thandolwethu Gumede, James Nuttall, Shamiel Salie, Brian Eley","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes ceftazidime-avibactam use in 17 young children from a resource-constrained country, where intra-abdominal infection was common. All-cause mortality was 53%. Earlier initiation, dose optimization, recording infusion times, and reviewing the need for additional antibiotics were identified as easy-to-implement-antimicrobial-stewardship interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"541-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utilization of Echocardiography in Children With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.","authors":"Richard Bui, Lauren M Sommer, Meghan Walther, Kristina G Hulten, Jesus G Vallejo, Sheldon L Kaplan, J Chase McNeil","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for echocardiography in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) remains uncertain. We reviewed 331 pediatric SAB cases. Nine subjects, all with comorbidities, met the echocardiogram criteria for infective endocarditis (IE). IE was associated with congenital heart disease and prolonged bacteremia, suggesting that echocardiography is unnecessary in most children with SAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"537-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pediatric Infection-Related Outcomes.","authors":"Melissa E Day, Qing Duan, Mary Carol Burkhardt, Melissa Klein, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Andrew F Beck","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher caregiver-adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with multiple adverse pediatric outcomes. However, no studies have examined links between caregiver ACEs and infectious outcomes like antibiotic prescriptions or infection-related clinical encounters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients from 2 pediatric primary care sites, serving predominantly non-Hispanic Black, publicly insured populations. Our outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions and infection-related ambulatory clinical encounters for children 0-3 years old. We captured these outcomes and additional covariates (demographics, health-related social risk screen results, and Socioeconomic Deprivation Index scores linked to geocoded street addresses) from the electronic health record. High (≥4) or low (≤3) caregiver ACEs, and individual ACE question answers, were our exposures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations with any antibiotic use. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the time to first antibiotic exposure and first infection-related visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1465 children 0-3 years were included (50.0% female, 75.0% Black, and 2.6% Hispanic). High caregiver ACEs were not associated with pediatric antibiotic exposure. The presence of caregiver-witnessed parental abuse was associated with a higher likelihood of any antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR 1.90]; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 3.2) and time to first antibiotic exposure (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77; 95% CI 1.23, 2.56). Sexual abuse of the caregiver was associated with time to first infection-related clinical visit (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05, 1.53).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Certain caregiver ACEs were associated with pediatric antibiotic use and infection-related visits. Future studies need to evaluate underlying mechanisms and test effective clinical responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"523-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Disease and Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Alice Pascault, Bérengère Koehl, Valentine Brousse, Malika Benkerrou, Jean Gaschignard","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyurea decreases painful events among children with sickle cell disease (SCD) but could increase the risk of infections in treated patients through leucopenia. We performed a case-control study, comparing hydroxyurea treatment for SCD in cases with an invasive bacterial infection and in controls without infection. No difference was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"493-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Nonprescription of Oseltamivir for Infant Influenza Over 9 Seasons.","authors":"Haniah A Zaheer, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Sarah Chamseddine, Hui Liu, John V Williams, Judith M Martin, Anne-Marie Rick","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends oseltamivir phosphate for children <2 years old with confirmed or suspected influenza as they are at high risk for complications. We analyzed infant characteristics associated with nonprescription of oseltamivir over 9 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective electronic health record (EHR) review of infants <12 months old born between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 within the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center health system in Southwestern Pennsylvania who had >2 well-child visits during their first year. Infants with a confirmed positive test for influenza were included in the analysis. Factors associated with infant oseltamivir nonprescription were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 457 infants with confirmed influenza, 86% were prescribed oseltamivir. The proportion of infants prescribed oseltamivir increased from an average of 64.6% during the 2012-2016 influenza seasons to 90.4% during the 2016-2020 influenza seasons. Infants were more likely to not be prescribed oseltamivir if they experienced >2 days of influenza symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 9.4, 95% CI: 4.8, 18.7, P < .001), were diagnosed during the 2012-2016 influenza seasons (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.8, 9.5, P < .001), tested positive for influenza via a multiplex/reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 2.7, 16.3, P < .001; OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1; P = .04), or did not have a fever at point-of-care (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.6, P = .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to CDC influenza antiviral treatment guidelines for infants is high and improved over time. However, the provision of targeted education to providers may further improve oseltamivir prescribing practices for high-risk children <12 months of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"466-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Hepatitis C Screening by Maternal Hepatitis C Infection Status During Pregnancy.","authors":"Julia DiNicola, Anthony Lentscher, Hui Liu, Catherine A Chappell, Anne-Marie Rick","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screening for perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remains low despite increases in the number of at-risk infants. It is unknown if pediatric screening varies by maternal HCV infection status during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a retrospective cohort of mother-infant pairs born from 2015 to 2019, we identified women with HCV and classified their infection status during pregnancy as active, probable, or previous based on HCV RNA testing obtained during pregnancy. We used logistic regression to assess odds ratio (OR) of infant screening based on maternal HCV infection status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 503 HCV-exposed infants, 137 (27%) were born to women with previous infection, 106 (21%) to women with probable infection, and 260 (52%) to women with active infection. Completion of pediatric screening varied by maternal infection status (43% previous infection; 49% probable infection; 58% active; P = 0.014). Pediatric HCV infection ranged from 1.7 to 7.7% by maternal viral load (VL) status. Infants born to women with active infection were 2.5 times more likely (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.5-4.4) to have a screening test ordered versus infants of previously infected women; there was no difference for infants of women with probable infection (OR:1.6; 95% CI: 0.9-3.2). Test ordering was also associated with maternal smoking status, a visit at ≥18 months of age, and outpatient documentation of HCV exposure. If a test was ordered, there was no difference in test completion by maternal infection status. However, test completion was associated with living with a nonbiologic parent and earlier birth year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infants born to women with active infection are more likely to be screened for HCV, but many children continue to be unscreened and pediatric HCV infections are going undetected. New Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pediatric HCV screening guidelines recommending earlier screening may improve screening rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"445-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Case Fatality Rate of Invasive Aspergillosis in Children With Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Rasmus Moeller Duus, Jesper Bonnet Moeller, Mathias Rathe","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies on acute leukemia in children aged 0-17 years since 2000. Findings were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. We included 24 studies with 3661 ALL patients and 1728 AML patients. IA cumulative incidence varied (0%-10% for ALL and 0%-18% for AML) across the studies. Pooled cumulative IA incidences were estimated at 3.2% (95% CI: 1.8%-5.8%) in ALL and 5.2% (95% CI: 3.1%-8.6%) in AML, with corresponding case fatality rates of 13.3% (95% CI: 6.3%-25.9%), and 7.8% (95% CI: 0.7%-51.2%), respectively. Our analysis highlights the impact of IA in childhood leukemia, underscoring the need to address strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment of IA in pediatric leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"475-485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir in African Children: Results From the CHAPAS-4 Trial.","authors":"Hylke Waalewijn, Roeland E Wasmann, Alasdair Bamford, Diana M Gibb, Helen M McIlleron, Angela Colbers, David M Burger, Paolo Denti","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We characterized population pharmacokinetics in 42 African children receiving once-daily 25 mg (14 to <20 kg) or 50 mg (>20 kg) dolutegravir. Coadministration with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide reduced dolutegravir bioavailability by 19.6% (95% confidence interval: 8.13%-30.8%) compared with zidovudine or abacavir with lamivudine. Nevertheless, concentrations remained above efficacy targets, confirming current dosing recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"496-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141766452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}