Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5 BNT162b2 Vaccine in 6-Month- to <12-Year-Olds.","authors":"Lawrence D Sher, Justice K Boakye-Appiah, Sungeen Hill, Emily Wasserman, Xia Xu, Yvonne Maldonado, Emmanuel B Walter, Flor M Muñoz, Grant C Paulsen, Janet A Englund, Kawsar R Talaat, Elizabeth D Barnett, Satoshi Kamidani, Shelly Senders, Eric A F Simões, Kelly Belanger, Vrunda Parikh, Hua Ma, Xingbin Wang, Claire Lu, David Cooper, Kenneth Koury, Annaliesa S Anderson, Özlem Türeci, Uğur Şahin, Kena A Swanson, William C Gruber, Alejandra Gurtman, Nicholas Kitchin, Charu Sabharwal","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the future epidemiology and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uncertain, the use of safe and effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in pediatric populations remains important.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report data from two open-label substudies of an ongoing phase 1/2/3 master study (NCT05543616) investigating the safety and immunogenicity of a variant-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine encoding ancestral and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike proteins (bivalent BNT162b2). The open-label groups presented here evaluate dose 4 with bivalent BNT162b2 in 6-month- to <12-year-olds who previously received three original (monovalent) BNT162b2 doses. In 6-month- to <5-year-olds, primary immunogenicity objectives were to demonstrate superiority (neutralizing titer) and noninferiority (seroresponse rate) to Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and noninferiority (neutralizing titer and seroresponse rate) to SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strains in participants who received bivalent BNT162b2 dose 4 compared with a matched group who received three doses of original BNT162b2 in the pivotal pediatric study (NCT04816643). In 5- to <12-year-olds, primary immunogenicity comparisons were descriptive. Reactogenicity and safety following vaccination were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 6-month- to <5-year-olds, dose 4 with bivalent BNT162b2 met predefined immunogenicity superiority and noninferiority criteria against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strains when compared with dose 3 of original BNT162b2. In 5- to <12-year-olds, bivalent BNT162b2 induced robust Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralizing titers comparable with dose 3 of original BNT162b2. The safety profile for dose 4 of bivalent BNT162b2 given as dose 4 was consistent with that of original BNT162b2 in 6-month- to <12-year-olds. Reactogenicity events were generally mild to moderate. No adverse events led to discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These safety and immunogenicity data support a favorable benefit-risk profile for a variant-adapted BNT162b2 in children <12 years old.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Utility of Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus PCR Testing in Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis.","authors":"Shannon Hamilton, Michael Taylor, Jack G Schneider, Zachary Howe, Meghna Sharma, LaKeisha Boyd, John J Manaloor, Hiba Chehab, Alexandra Espinel, Rana F Hamdy, James B Wood","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data are limited on the clinical impact of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction testing for orbital cellulitis. This 2-center, retrospective study demonstrated a negative predictive value of 98.0% and an overall lower use of anti-MRSA antibiotics, without a concomitant increase in hospital readmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"430-433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Anaerobic Blood Cultures in Neonatal Sepsis Evaluation.","authors":"Amanda Gottschalk, Sarah Coggins, Miren B Dhudasia, Dustin D Flannery, Tracy Healy, Karen M Puopolo, Jeffrey Gerber, Sagori Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinicians variably obtain anaerobic blood cultures as part of sepsis evaluations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our objective was to determine if anaerobic blood culture bottles yielded clinically relevant information by either recovering pathogens exclusively or more rapidly than the concurrently obtained aerobic culture bottle in the NICU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of blood cultures obtained from infants admitted to the NICU from August 01, 2015 to August 31, 2023. Standard practice was to inoculate 2 mL of blood divided equally between an aerobic and an anaerobic culture bottle. We analyzed positive blood cultures where both aerobic and anaerobic bottles were obtained and compared pathogen recovery and time to positivity between the bottles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 4599 blood cultures were obtained from 3665 infants, and 265 (5.8%) were positive. Of these, 182 cultures were sent as aerobic-anaerobic pairs and recovered pathogenic organisms. Organisms were recovered exclusively from the anaerobic bottle in 32 (17.6%) cultures. Three organisms were obligate anaerobes; the rest were facultative anaerobes including Coagulase-negative staphylococci (40.6%), Escherichia coli (15.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%). Cultures with exclusive recovery in the anaerobic bottle were more frequently obtained ≤3 days after birth, compared to other cultures (31.3% vs 15.3%, P = .03). When both bottles recovered the pathogen (n = 113), the anaerobic bottle had a shorter time to positivity in 76 (67.3%) cultures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Including anaerobic culture bottles could lead to the identification of pathogens not recovered in the aerobic bottle, as well as earlier identification of pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"406-412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity, Immunological Memory and Monitoring of Disease Activity Following an Anamnestic Immunization With the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.","authors":"Konstantina Kitsou, Varvara Askiti, Marianna Tzanoudaki, Andromachi Mitsioni, Ioanna Papadatou, Emmanouil Liatsis, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Gkikas Magiorkinis, Vana Spoulou","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anamnestic 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization did not affect the relapse risk in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pneumococcal serotype (PS)-specific antibody titers increased significantly in all groups. Children receiving immunomodulatory treatments (IMTs) displayed significantly lower levels of PS-specific antibodies for 3/8 serotypes tested. PS-specific B-cell counts significantly increased only in healthy controls and patients receiving corticosteroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"363-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Challenges for Non-US International Medical Graduates in Pediatric Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Zheyi Teoh, Guliz Erdem, Cristina Tomatis-Souverbielle, Diego A Cruz-Vidal, Maria S Rueda, Roberto P Santos, Liset Olarte","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"374-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Healthcare Environmental Sustainability Through an Infectious Diseases Lens.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advocating for Alignment in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgical Site Infection Surveillance Definitions.","authors":"Caitlin Naureckas Li, Amanda Bonebrake, Erica Mansavage, Amy Moravec, Sangeeta K Schroeder","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"379-380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Guidelines to Practice: A Programmatic Model for Implementation of the Updated Infant Feeding Recommendations for People Living with HIV.","authors":"Thomas G Boyce, Peter L Havens, Sheryl L Henderson, Claudia P Vicetti Miguel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"381-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Camila Aparicio, Zachary I Willis, Mari M Nakamura, Joshua Wolf, Cordell Little, Gabriela M Maron, Paul K Sue, Brenda I Anosike, Christine Miller, Laura L Bio, Prachi Singh, Scott H James, Carlos R Oliveira","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk stratification is a cornerstone of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society COVID-19 treatment guidance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define the clinical characteristics and comorbidities associated with critical COVID-19 in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent reviewers screened the literature (Medline and EMBASE) for studies published through August 31, 2023, that reported outcome data on patients aged ≤21 years with COVID-19. Critical disease was defined as an invasive mechanical ventilation requirement, intensive care unit admission, or death. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10,178 articles, 136 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Data from 70 studies, which collectively examined 172,165 children and adolescents with COVID-19, were pooled for meta-analysis. In previously healthy children, the absolute risk of critical disease from COVID-19 was 4% (95% CI, 1%-10%). Compared with no comorbidities, the pooled OR for critical disease was 3.95 (95% CI, 2.78-5.63) for the presence of one comorbidity and 9.51 (95% CI, 5.62-16.06) for ≥2 comorbidities. Key risk factors included cardiovascular and neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary conditions (excluding asthma), diabetes, obesity, and immunocompromise, all with statistically significant ORs > 2.00.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the absolute risk for critical COVID-19 in children and adolescents without underlying health conditions is relatively low, the presence of one or more comorbidities was associated with markedly increased risk. These findings support the importance of risk stratification in tailoring pediatric COVID-19 management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Telemedicine for Evaluation of Patients and Distribution of a Scarce Resource During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Kathryn Weakley, Kristina Bryant","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"368-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}