Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Immunocompromised Children: Is the Bronch Result in the Eye of the Beholder or Is It a Wash?","authors":"Joshua Wolf, Monica I Ardura","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaks in the Cascade of Care: Evidence to Shift From Facility-Based Screening of Household Contacts of People With Tuberculosis in Rural Tanzania.","authors":"Ghassan Ilaiwy, Scott K Heysell, Saning'o Lukumay, Domitila Agustino, Paulo Mejan, Kusulla Simeon, Estomih Mduma, Tania A Thomas","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing of Tecovirimat in Water to Support Oral Dosing of Infants and Children With Mpox.","authors":"Zixuan Wei, Kristina M Brooks, Sharon Nachman, Grace Aldrovandi, Timothy Wilkin, William Fischer, Jennifer J Kiser, Jason Zucker","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Disorders and Use of Healthcare Services After Enteroviral Meningitis in Childhood: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Emma E Graham, Malte M Tetens, Jacob Bodilsen, Nanna S Andersen, Ram Dessau, Svend Ellermann-Eriksen, Kristina Franck, Sofie Midgley, Jens Kjølseth Møller, Alex Christian Nielsen, Lene Nielsen, Kirstine K Søgaard, Christian Østergaard, Anne-Mette Lebech, Ulrikka Nygaard, Lars H Omland, Niels Obel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nervous system infections are associated with long-term risks of neurological disorders and healthcare service utilization, but little data exist on the long-term risks of enteroviral meningitis in childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a population-based, nationwide registry-based matched cohort study (1997-2021). We included 925 children with enteroviral meningitis aged <17 years, a comparison cohort, and a cohort of siblings of all individuals. To illustrate short- and long-term risks of neurological disorders, we calculated 1-year cumulative incidences and age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) during years 1-20 of follow-up. We further calculated the annual proportion of individuals using antiepileptic medication and healthcare services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young infants (0 to <90 days) and older children (≥90 days to <17 years) had slightly increased short- and long-term risks of neurological disorders after enteroviral meningitis compared to comparison cohort members (1-year cumulative incidence: 1.4% vs 0.6%, and 1.5% vs 0.4%, 1-20-year adjusted hazard ratio: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.2-3.2] and 1.7 [95% CI: 1.0-2.8]). Older children had increased use of antiepileptic medication, as well as the use of health care services both before and after enteroviral meningitis, with a similar trend among their siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enteroviral meningitis in childhood appears to be associated with increased risk of short- and long-term neurological morbidity, though our estimates in older children may be confounded by prior neurological morbidity or increased healthcare-seeking behavior. Our findings suggest a generally good prognosis after enteroviral meningitis, though clinicians should be aware of the risk of neurological disorders in selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking (Pneumonia) Down Memory Lane: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Returns.","authors":"Rebecca G Same, Jeffrey S Gerber","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Disorders and Use of Healthcare Services After Bacterial Meningitis in Childhood: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Emma E Graham, Malte M Tetens, Jacob Bodilsen, Nanna S Andersen, Ram Dessau, Svend Ellermann-Eriksen, Kristina Franck, Sofie Midgley, Jens Kjølseth Møller, Alex Christian Nielsen, Lene Nielsen, Kirstine K Søgaard, Christian Østergaard, Anne-Mette Lebech, Ulrikka Nygaard, Lars H Omland, Niels Obel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this population-based, nationwide Danish cohort study, bacterial meningitis in childhood was associated with increased neurological morbidity. The risks were highest among young children, who also received more antiepileptic medication. All children had increased frequency of hospital visits. These findings highlight the importance of follow-up after bacterial meningitis in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of the Spectrum of Osteoarticular Infections in Children.","authors":"Zaid Alhinai, Hassan El Chebib, Lawrence Huang, Morvarid Elahi, Bill Foo, Pablo J Sánchez, Ian C Michelow","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies of pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs) mostly focus on acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA). A comprehensive descriptive analysis of pediatric OAIs, including subacute, chronic, and non-hematogenous types, is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A detailed analysis of all pediatric OAIs was undertaken at 2 academic centers, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH. Infections were classified as AHO (with or without suppurative arthritis), isolated ABA, subacute or chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (SCHO), non-hematogenous osteoarticular infection (NHI), or hardware-associated osteoarticular infection (HOI). Clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 582 consecutive cases of OAIs were included: 295 AHO (51%), 88 ABA (15%), 76 NHI (13%), 73 HOI (13%), and 50 SCHO (9%). Median age was significantly higher for HOI (14.5 years), NHI (11.8), and SCHO (10.4) than for AHO (9) and ABA (5) (P < .001). Patients with AHO or ABA were more likely (P < .001) to be febrile (each 84%) compared with other groups (45%-56%) and had higher biomarkers of inflammation (white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein). A causative organism was identified in 74% of cases, mostly from tissue specimens (78%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism across infection types (34%-55% of cases), while polymicrobial infection was common in NHI (22%) and HOI (21%). Chronic morbidity complicated infections in 89 (15%) patients, the majority of whom (66%) had SCHO, NHI, or HOI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SCHO, NHI, and HOI accounted for a significant proportion of pediatric OAIs and contributed disproportionately to chronic morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Neurovirulent Pathogens Across the Human Lifespan: A Balancing Act.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. Isolates From Bloodstream Infections in Australian Children, 2013-2021.","authors":"Anita Williams, Geoffrey W Coombs, Jan M Bell, Denise A Daley, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, Penelope A Bryant, Anita J Campbell, Louise Cooley, Jon Iredell, Adam D Irwin, Alison Kesson, Brendan McMullan, Morgyn S Warner, Phoebe C M Williams, Christopher C Blyth","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rising proportions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been observed in both Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance surveillance program captures clinical and microbiological data of isolates detected in blood cultures across Australia. EUCAST 2022 was used for interpretation and the AMR package in R for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 2091 bloodstream infections (BSIs) with S. aureus and 534 enterococcal BSI episodes in children <18 years old over 9 years. Three quarters of S. aureus BSI episodes were community-onset (78.3%), while more than half of enterococcal BSIs were hospital-onset (56.9%). The median age for S. aureus BSIs was 6 years, while >50% of enterococcal BSIs were in children <12 months old. Fifteen percent of S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant. Overall, 85.3% of S. aureus were resistant to penicillin, 12.5% resistant to erythromycin, 10.3% to clindamycin, and 4.7% to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to penicillin decreased over time, while clindamycin resistance increased. Resistance in Enterococcus spp. was almost entirely observed in Enterococcus faecium; only 1 Enterococcus faecalis isolate was ampicillin-resistant, and no E. faecalis isolates were vancomycin or teicoplanin-resistant. Seventy-three percent of E. faecium were resistant to ampicillin, 25.5% to vancomycin (VREfm), and 8.8% to teicoplanin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant shifts in the epidemiology and resistance profiles of S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. BSIs in Australian children were observed, making clear the importance of age-stratified reporting in AMR data.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Manifestations of Group B Streptococcus Meningitis in Newborns.","authors":"Natalie G Alexander, William D Cutts, Thomas A Hooven, Brandon J Kim","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is a gram-positive colonizer of the healthy intestinal and genitourinary microbiota. During and shortly after birth, neonates and infants can be opportunistically infected leading to sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis among other illnesses. GBS is the leading cause of neonatal meningitis globally, and while prophylactic treatments have been successful for reducing early-onset disease, no decrease in the incidence of late-onset disease has occurred and no vaccine is currently available. In this review, we describe GBS both from a clinical and molecular standpoint. We first describe the history of GBS perinatal disease and its clinical presentation and treatment, as well as patient outcomes. We then present recently discovered GBS interactions at the blood-brain barrier that contribute to disease and inflammatory responses, and efforts to develop a broadly effective GBS vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}