Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Decreasing the Use of Cefdinir for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections in a Rural Health Care System: A Quasi-experimental Study.","authors":"Kelly Berglund, Philip Logan Whitfield, Rachel M Gabor, Thomas G Boyce","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are several antimicrobial options for treating urinary tract infections in children. Although cefdinir is commonly used, better options exist. We developed an intervention bundle to reduce the use of cefdinir in favor of cephalexin. The intervention bundle decreased cefdinir use by 19.1% (73% relative decrease) while the use of cephalexin increased by 19.8%.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"643-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates From Bloodstream Infections in Australian Children, 2013-2021.","authors":"Anita Williams, Geoffrey W Coombs, Jan M Bell, Denise A Daley, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, Penelope A Bryant, Anita J Campbell, Louise Cooley, Jon Iredell, Adam D Irwin, Alison Kesson, Brendan McMullan, Morgyn S Warner, Phoebe C M Williams, Christopher C Blyth","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gram-negative bloodstream infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is reported globally, yet efforts to track pediatric AMR at a national level over time are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) surveillance program captures clinical and microbiological data of isolates detected in blood cultures across Australia. EUCAST 2022 was used for MIC interpretation and the AMR package in R for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a 9-year period, there were 3145 bloodstream infections with 3266 gram-negative isolates reported in hospitalized children aged <18 years; 21.0% were from neonates. The median length of stay was 9 days, and 30-day all-cause mortality was 5.2%. A greater odds of death was observed in those with a multi-drug resistant organism (aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.3, p: 0.001). Escherichia coli (44.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (12.6%) were the two most frequently reported organisms. Overall resistance in Enterobacterales to gentamicin/tobramycin was 11.6%, to ceftazidime/ceftriaxone was 12.9%, and 13.2% to ciprofloxacin. Resistance increased over time. Of the 201 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates reported, 19.7% were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, 13.1% resistant to cefepime/ceftazidime, and 9.8% to ciprofloxacin. Of 108 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, one was resistant to meropenem, and two were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Resistance did not increase over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AMR in gram-negative organisms causing bloodstream infections in Australian children is increasing, which should be considered when updating guidelines and empiric treatment regimens. Ongoing pediatric-specific national surveillance with pediatric reporting must remain a priority to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"617-625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiostrongylus cantonensis Meningoencephalitis in Three Pediatric Patients in Florida, USA.","authors":"Melinda D Chance, Anniesha D Noel, Amelia B Thompson, Natalie Marrero, Fernando Bula-Rudas, Christopher M Horvat, Jerril Green, Jennifer E Armstrong, Fatma Levent, Robert A Dudas, Serena Shaffren, Aaron Samide, Katie Martinez, Kimberly Stockdale, Rebecca J Chancey","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been reported in several southern U.S. states and Hawai'i. We present the first locally acquired human cases of A. cantonensis meningoencephalitis in three children in Florida, occurring between June 2021 and January 2022. Clinicians should be attuned to this possible diagnosis in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"639-642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to Enteral Triazole Antifungal Therapy for Pediatric Invasive Candidiasis: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted by the Pediatric Fungal Network.","authors":"Robert F T Bucayu, Craig L K Boge, Inci Yildirim, Martha Avilés-Robles, Surabhi B Vora, David M Berman, Tanvi S Sharma, Lillian Sung, Elio Castagnola, Debra L Palazzi, Lara Danziger-Isakov, Dwight E Yin, Emmanuel Roilides, Gabriela Maron, Alison C Tribble, Pere Soler-Palacin, Eduardo López-Medina, José Romero, Kiran Belani, Antonio C Arrieta, Fabianne Carlesse, Dawn Nolt, Natasha Halasa, Daniel Dulek, Sujatha Rajan, William J Muller, Monica I Ardura, Alice Pong, Blanca E Gonzalez, Christine M Salvatore, Anna R Huppler, Catherine Aftandilian, Mark J Abzug, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Michael Green, Irja Lutsar, Elizabeth D Knackstedt, Sarah K Johnson, William J Steinbach, Brian T Fisher, Rachel L Wattier","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Of 319 children with invasive candidiasis, 67 (21%) transitioned from intravenous to enteral antifungal therapy. Eight (12%) transitioned back to intravenous antifungal therapy, one due to perceived treatment failure defined by clinical progression or worsening. Global treatment response at study completion was successful in 66 participants who transitioned to enteral therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"633-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Transplacental Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Transfer in Small for Gestational Age Infants.","authors":"Alisa Kachikis, Mindy Pike, Linda O Eckert, Emma A Roberts, Alexis Baranoff, Sharon Kung, Erin A Goecker, Michael G Gravett, Alexander L Greninger, Janet A Englund","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about the potential benefits of maternal immunization in the setting of high-risk pregnancies resulting in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. This study compares transplacental transfer of maternal SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibody in pregnancies with SGA compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"585-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing a Green Future: A Review of Antimicrobial Waste in Pediatric Hospitals and Practices to Promote Healthcare Sustainability.","authors":"Alexander S Plattner, Karen N Davidge, Jennifer A Schweiger, Christine E MacBrayne","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric hospitals are uniquely positioned to be impacted by antimicrobial waste. To explore this issue, we reviewed the current literature to identify the reasons, costs, and potential solutions to waste. Identified reasons for waste included weight-based dosing, medication order changes due to changing patient status, loss or expiration of doses, and medication errors. The cost of waste included financial costs, promotion of antimicrobial resistance, and generation of greenhouse gases. Proposed interventions to reduce waste included an early switch from intravenous to oral administration, required stop dates, standardized dosing times, and optimization of the pharmacy batching process. However, additional studies are needed to assess the potential correlation between these proposed interventions and waste reduction. Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been identified as a group that can play a crucial role in partnering to implement these interventions to potentially reduce antimicrobial waste and promote better healthcare sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"561-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal and Neonatal Chikungunya Virus Transmission: A Case Series.","authors":"Fátima C P A Di Maio Ferreira, Ana M Bispo de Filippis, Maria Elisabeth L Moreira, Simone B de Campos, Trevon Fuller, Fernanda C R Lopes, Patrícia Brasil","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large-scale epidemics in countries with high birth rates can create a concerning scenario where pregnant people are more likely to transmit the virus. In addition, increased international mobility has made arboviruses a growing problem for travelers. The increased risk of vertical transmission has been related to maternal viremia near delivery. Such transmission leads to severe infection of newborns and may be associated with subsequent neurological impairment including cerebral palsy. This case series provides an overview of clinical and laboratory findings in pregnant individuals with confirmed chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection as well as the clinical effects on their newborn emphasizing the severity of neonatal chikungunya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ambispective case series enrolled newborns with confirmed exposure to CHIKV in utero or in the neonatal period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the delivery period, the transmission rate among viremic individuals was approximately 62% (18/29). Fever, irritability, rash, and poor feeding in the first week of life were critical signs of neonatal chikungunya, highlighting its severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Close monitoring of healthy newborns during the first week of life is essential in areas affected by CHIKV epidemics, and in offspring of pregnant travelers who visited the outbreaks zones. This case series is intended to increase neonatologists' awareness of the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of CHIKV among newborns with a sepsis-like presentation. Prioritizing CHIKV vaccination for women of childbearing age should also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"576-584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Assessment of Time-to-Antibiotics Recommendations in Pediatric Sepsis.","authors":"Kathleen Chiotos, Fran Balamuth, Julie C Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Pediatric Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommend delivery of antibiotics within 1 hour for children with septic shock and, for those without shock but with sepsis-related organ dysfunction, as soon as feasible within 3 hours. In this review, we summarize the available adult and pediatric literature supporting these recommendations. We also explore the implications of implementing time-to-antibiotic goals at the point of antibiotic initiation in clinical practice, as well as the potential downstream impacts of these goals on antibiotic de-escalation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"608-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Casirivimab and Imdevimab (CAS + IMD) in Pediatric Outpatients With COVID-19.","authors":"Thomas D Norton, Mazhar Thakur, Samit Ganguly, Shazia Ali, Jesse Chao, Alpana Waldron, Jing Xiao, Kenneth C Turner, John D Davis, Susan C Irvin, Cynthia Pan, Dominique Atmodjo, Andrea T Hooper, Jennifer D Hamilton, Mohamed Hussein, Danise Subramaniam, Lilia Roque-Guerrero, Anita Kohli, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Gregory P Geba, Edward Cox, Ned Braunstein, Paula Dakin, Bari Kowal, Rafia Bhore, A Thomas DiCioccio, Diana Hughes, Gary A Herman","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety of casirivimab + imdevimab (CAS + IMD) (anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]) in pediatric outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was evaluated in a randomized phase 1/2/3 trial. Consistent with adults, CAS + IMD was generally well tolerated with low drug-induced immunogenicity rates. The findings support the development of next-generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs for at-risk pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"589-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Environmental Benefits of Pediatric Infectious Disease Telemedicine.","authors":"Lydia S Lu, Allyson Dalby, Preeti Jaggi, Thomas G Fox","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":"602-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}