Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae, North Dakota 2024.","authors":"Miltiadis Douvoyiannis, Tanner E Rothstein, Robin Patel","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae117","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cluster of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae -causing community-acquired pneumonia was observed in children in North Dakota in 2024. Suspicion was raised by non-response to macrolides, with confirmation via a polymerase-chain reaction assay. Prompt improvement occurred after the initiation of alternative antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of the Pneumococcus with the Central Nervous System: Postnatal Meningitis Versus Fetal Neurodevelopment.","authors":"Amy Davis, Elaine Tuomanen","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In young children, pneumococcal meningitis epitomizes the paradigm of a destructive innate inflammatory response in the central nervous system: a five-alarm fire. In contrast, cell-free bacterial components reaching the fetal brain from an infected mother signal a quiet, noninflammatory immune response that drives abnormal neurodevelopment, changing brain architecture through neuroproliferation. This review addresses the difference between prenatal and postnatal bacterial-host signaling within the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Treat or Not to Treat? And for How Long?","authors":"Ellen R Wald","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Characterize the Etiology of Culture-Negative Empyema and Parapneumonic Effusion Among Alaska Native Children-2018-2023.","authors":"Jonathan Steinberg, Carolynn DeByle, Benjamin Westley, Marah Gotcsik, Jesse Geis, Srinivasan Velusamy, Marc Fischer","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae131","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify bacterial infections in culture-negative pleural fluid specimens from Alaska Native children hospitalized with empyema. PCR identified ≥1 organism in 11 (79%) of 14 specimens. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 was detected in 6 specimens; all 6 participants had received 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Number of Clinically Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Children After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Case Series.","authors":"Karen N McCarthy, James Hatcher, Timothy Best, Marios Kaliakatsos, Jane Hassell, Andrew Turnbull, Peter Sidgwick, Javier Gavela, Jacob Simmonds, Filip Kucera, Adilia Warris, Seilesh Kadambari","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2024, there have been increases in laboratory-confirmed infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae worldwide. This case series highlights the increasing frequency of M. pneumoniae-positive PCR (polymerase chain reaction) specimens and an increased number of hospital admissions with M. pneumoniae clinical syndromes. Within this case series, we observed a change in the epidemiology and clinical burden of childhood M. pneumoniae disease in the post-COVID-19 era.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Severe Influenza Virus Infection and COVID-19 in Children.","authors":"Ellesandra C Noye, Siroon Bekkering, Julian D J Sng, David Burgner, Danielle K Longmore, Kirsty R Short","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam and Comparator Agents Against Gram-Negative Isolates Collected From Pediatric Patients: SMART 2018-2022 Global Surveillance.","authors":"C Andrew DeRyke, Mark G Wise, Karri A Bauer, Fakhar Siddiqui, Katherine Young, Mary R Motyl, Daniel F Sahm","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae134","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of recent Gram-negative pathogens collected from pediatric patients to imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL) and comparator agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2018 to 2022 254 hospitals in 62 countries collected Enterobacterales or Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients <18 years old as part of the SMART global surveillance program. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)s were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted with 2024 CLSI breakpoints. Most isolates non-susceptible to IMI/REL were queried for their acquired β-lactamase content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 96.8% of all non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (NME) isolates from pediatric patients (n = 12 060) were IMI/REL-susceptible. Most NME were also susceptible to imipenem alone (93.9%), meropenem (96.0%), and ertapenem (94.4%); isolates were less susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam (82.8%), cefepime (76.3%), and ceftazidime (74.4%). Non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales collected in Asia were the least susceptible to IMI/REL (91.6%), while those from Australia/New Zealand were the most (99.3%). Imipenem/relebactam was equally potent against NME isolates regardless of infection source, hospital ward, age, and length of hospitalization. In total, 90.8% of all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 3046) were IMI/REL-susceptible; ceftolozane/tazobactam also inhibited >90% of the P. aeruginosa. Regionally, P. aeruginosa isolates from Eastern Europe were least susceptible to IMI/REL. Molecular characterization revealed that, globally, most resistance to IMI/REL among the NME could be attributed to the presence of NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases, while no acquired β-lactamases were detected in approximately half the IMI/REL non-susceptible P. aeruginosa examined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on in vitro data, IMI/REL represents a good therapeutic option for most hospitalized pediatric patients infected with common Gram-negative pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Default Antibiotic Order Durations for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Outpatient Pediatrics: A Cluster Randomized Trial.","authors":"Kali A Broussard, Juan D Chaparro, Guliz Erdem, Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul, Jack Stevens, Joshua R Watson","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic durations for uncomplicated skin/soft tissue infections (SSTI) often exceed the guideline-recommended 5-7 days. We assessed the effectiveness of a default duration order panel in the Electronic Health Record to reduce long prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cluster randomized trial of an SSTI order panel with default antibiotic durations (implemented 12/2021), compared to a control panel (no decision support) in 14 pediatric primary care clinics. We assessed long prescription rates from 23 months before to 12 months after order panel implementation (1/2020-12/2022). Antibiotic duration was considered long if >5 days for cellulitis or drained abscess, or >7 days for undrained abscess, impetigo, or other SSTI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1123 and 511 encounters in intervention and control clinics, respectively. In a piecewise generalized linear model, the long prescription rate decreased from 63.8% to 54.6% (absolute difference, -9.2%) in the intervention group and from 70.0% to 54.9% (absolute difference, -15.1%) in the control group. The relative change in trajectories from pre-panel to post-panel periods did not differ significantly between intervention and control groups (P = .488). Although used in only 29.4% of eligible encounters, intervention panel use had lower odds of long prescription compared to all other prescriptions (odds ratio 0.18).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We did not detect an overall impact of an order panel with default durations in reducing long antibiotic prescriptions for SSTIs. When ordered from the intervention panel, prescriptions were usually guideline-concordant. Effective strategies to make choosing a default duration more automatic are necessary to further reduce long prescriptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection From COVID-19 Vaccination and Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 6 Months-4 Years, United States, September 2022-April 2023.","authors":"Leora R Feldstein, Jasmine Ruffin, Ryan Wiegand, Lauren Grant, Tara M Babu, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, Jefferey L Burgess, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Helen Y Chu, Katherine D Ellingson, Janet A Englund, Kurt T Hegmann, Zuha Jeddy, Jennifer Kuntz, Adam S Lauring, Karen Lutrick, Emily T Martin, Clare Mathenge, Jennifer Meece, Claire M Midgley, Arnold S Monto, Allison L Naleway, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Leah Odame-Bamfo, Lauren E W Olsho, Andrew L Phillips, Ramona P Rai, Sharon Saydah, Ning Smith, Harmony Tyner, Molly Vaughan, Ana A Weil, Sarang K Yoon, Amadea Britton, Manjusha Gaglani","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae121","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand how coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines impact infection risk in children <5 years, we assessed risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from September 2022 to April 2023 in 3 cohort studies. There was no difference in risk by vaccination status. While vaccines reduce severe disease, they may not reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections in naïve young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling and Determination of Cause of Death to Establish Etiologies of Community Respiratory Deaths Among Zambian Infants and Children.","authors":"Alyse Wheelock, Mwelwa Chasaya, Natasha Namuziya, Emilia Jumbe Marsden, Monica Kapasa, Chibamba Mumba, Bwalya Mulenga, Lisa Nkole, Rachel Pieciak, Victor Mudenda, Chilufya Chikoti, Benard Ngoma, Charles Chimoga, Sarah Chirwa, Lilian Pemba, Diana Nzara, James Lungu, Leah Forman, William MacLeod, Crispin Moyo, Somwe Wa Somwe, Christopher Gill","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piae129","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piae129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In low-to-middle-income countries, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading infectious cause of death among infants and children under 5 years old. Case-control studies based on upper respiratory sampling have informed current understandings of ALRI etiologies; in contrast, minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) offers a method of directly interrogating lower respiratory tract pathogens to establish etiologic distributions. This study performed in the postmortem setting used MITS and a Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel to elucidate the causes of fatal pneumonia in the community in Lusaka, Zambia. For deceased infants and children under age 5 years whose next-of-kin provided consent, a verbal autopsy was obtained and 6 lung tissue biopsies from each case were sent for histopathology and multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing. Subsequently, a multi-disciplinary DeCoDe panel met to review each case, determine if the child died of respiratory causes, construct a causal chain of diagnoses directly leading to the death, and determine if the death was preventable (i.e., if an identifiable intervention would have averted the death). Among 106 deaths, 49 were adjudicated as respiratory deaths, with etiologic causes including Klebsiella pneumoniae (13), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (4), among others. Of note, for 21 respiratory deaths, a causative pathogen could not be identified despite clinical and histopathologic evidence of ALRI. A large majority of all deaths were considered preventable (90/106 or 85%). This study demonstrates the impact of certain respiratory pathogens through direct in situ tissue sampling with supportive pathologic data and presents a useful method of studying the etiologic distribution of fatal ALRIs in settings where many deaths occur in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}