Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Immunogenicity and Safety of a 2 + 1 DTPa Priming Schedule in Australian Infants and the Impact of Maternally Derived Antibodies on Pertussis Antibody Responses up to 4 Years of Age.","authors":"Sonia M McAlister, Alexandra Dierig, Anita H J van den Biggelaar, Ruth Thornton, Matthew N Cooper, Peter McIntyre, Peter C Richmond, Nicholas Wood","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed the impact of maternally derived pertussis antibodies on infant responses to a 2 + 1 vaccine schedule (6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 12 months). Infants with baseline antibodies showed lower IgG responses following the primary vaccination series, but this did not impair booster responses at 4 years of age. Clinical Trials: The study is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry - www.anzctr.org.au (Part 1: ACTRN12615000898550, Part 2: ACTRN12622001216707).</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Cell Culture-Based Influenza Vaccine, 2023-2024.","authors":"Huong Q Nguyen, Oluwakemi D Alonge, Kayla E Hanson, Elisha Stefanski, Joshua G Petrie, Karita Ambrose, Ashesh Gandhi, Adam Bissonnette, Gregg C Sylvester, Jennifer K Meece, Edward A Belongia","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV) was first approved for use in children aged 4-17 years in 2016 in the United States. The approved age indication for ccIIV was expanded to include children 6 months and older beginning the 2022-2023 season. There is limited real-world data on ccIIV effectiveness in children. We assessed ccIIV effectiveness using the test-negative design during the 2023-2024 season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 6 months to 64 years who sought outpatient or telehealth care for acute respiratory illness were actively recruited between October 2023 and May 2024. Symptom eligibility criteria included cough, with an illness duration of ≤ 7 days. Respiratory samples were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to identify influenza cases. Vaccination dates and products were determined by immunization records. Analyses were restricted to ccIIV recipients and unvaccinated participants. Cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness was estimated as [100% × (1 - odds ratio)] for vaccination in cases versus test-negative controls, with adjustment for age and calendar time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1850 participants, 12% were age 6 months to 3 years, 32% were age 4-17 years, and 56% were age 18-64 years. Influenza was detected in 505 (27%) participants; 267 had influenza A/H1N1pdm09; 149 had influenza B; 56 had influenza A/H3N2; and 33 had influenza A with unknown subtype. A total of 470 (25%) received ccIIV. Among children (age 6 months to 17 years), ccIIV effectiveness was 64% [95% confidence interval (CI), 37%-81%] against influenza A/H1N1pdm09, 75% (95% CI, 43%-91%) against influenza B, and 76% (95% CI, 4%-97%) against influenza A/H3N2. Among adults (age 18-64 years), ccIIV effectiveness was 56% (95% CI, 31%-73%) against influenza A/H1N1pdm09, 62% (95% CI, 13%-86%) against influenza B, and 33% (95% CI, -62% to 76%) against influenza A/H3N2. Young children aged 6 months to 3 years had the highest point estimates (88%-98%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine generated substantial real-world effectiveness against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in children and adults during a season when influenza A/H1N1pdm09 viruses predominated and influenza B and influenza A/H3N2 co-circulated at lower levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and Stewardship of Molecular Testing for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Caitlin Naureckas Li, Jennifer A Blumenthal, Anna C Sick-Samuels","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Untargeted molecular tests are increasingly available for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. In this national survey, plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing had widespread use (89.8%), but disparate frequency from a few times ever (18.4%) to > weekly (9.6%). Respondents offered thoughtful insights into stewardship and future research needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pediatric Infectious Diseases Asynchronous eConsult Program: An Evaluation of Content, Impact Assessment, and User Feedback.","authors":"Vandana L Madhavan, Lulu Xu, Ann M Murray, Chadi M El Saleeby","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asynchronous electronic consults, or eConsults, are a novel way for pediatric infectious disease (PID) physicians to provide non-urgent specialty advice to other clinicians. We sought to evaluate the first 5 years of a PID eConsult program with a specific focus on the utility, acceptability, and sustainability of the program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were abstracted from the electronic medical records for eConsults completed from March 2018 through October 2023 including patient and referring provider characteristics and consultation information. Recommendations were analyzed for content. Referring providers were surveyed to assess their experience and satisfaction with the eConsult service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first 5 years of the program, 727 eConsults were completed. In 461 consultations (64.8%), the PID clinician suggested a change to the plan (new or additional diagnosis, diagnostic study, and/or therapeutic intervention) with 81.8% including counseling for the referring provider or patient. Of referring provider survey responders, 98.3% were satisfied/very satisfied with the eConsult program. Only 3.4% of respondents were dissatisfied with the turnaround time although 22% still found traditional \"curbside\" telephone calls to be more valuable than eConsults. Both the number of individual referring providers and the number of referring practices increased steadily over 5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Asynchronous eConsults present a novel platform for PID specialists to formally provide recommendations. A majority of recommendations changed the diagnostic plan and treatment while providing education to both patients and referring providers. Our program demonstrated acceptance of this consulting format from referring providers and sustainability over the first 5 years of the program.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii and the Brain: Frenemies? Or Just Outright Foes?","authors":"Mackenzie D Massmann, Sarah M Reilly, Anita A Koshy, Jon P Boyle","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with an enormous global reach, infecting over a billion people worldwide. An opportunist in humans, T. gondii causes severe disease only in a select few scenarios but is otherwise relatively benign. Through mechanisms that are unclear T. gondii has a propensity to persist in neuronal tissues including the brain and retina, and it is in these sites that it can cause the most severe disease. Disease occurs in those with suppressed immune function, including HIV/AIDS and organ transplant patients. However, infection can also lead to recurrent ocular disease in otherwise healthy individuals, causing temporary vision loss and in the most severe cases, blindness. The propensity for this organism to reside and cause disease in tissues of the central nervous system is of great interest, and here we explore what is known about the neurovirulent outcomes of T. gondii infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Spectrum Before Third-Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation.","authors":"Corinne Levy, Aude Estivaux, Emmanuelle Varon, Stéphane Béchet, Naim Ouldali, Isabelle Hau, Robert Cohen","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), besides the decrease of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), the clinical spectrum of the remaining cases changed, with many differences among serotypes. This study aimed to describe the clinical profile of IPD and the serotype distribution 15 years after PCV13 implementation and before the implementation of third-generation PCVs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2017 to 2022, 128 French pediatric wards prospectively reported IPDs in children. Data were collected on demographics and clinical data, underlying conditions increasing the risk of IPD and outcome. Four clinical entities were considered: meningitis, bacteremia without source, bacteremic pneumonia, and other IPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 931 IPD cases (median age of children: 19.2 months, Interquartile range (IQR): 7.7-52.5), meningitis accounted for 36.4%, followed by bacteremia without source (31.6%), bacteremic pneumonia (20.5%), and other IPDs (11.5%). Underlying conditions were reported in 21.5% of children. Death was reported in 4.8% of IPD cases and meningitis represented 51.1% of fatal cases. PCV13 serotypes, mainly 3, 19A, and 19F, still accounted for 15.0% of cases. PCV15 covered 6.2% more serotypes than did PCV13, whereas PCV20 covered 29.1% more serotypes than did PCV15. PCV20 non-PCV13 and PCV13 serotypes accounted for 33.3% and 11.1% of deaths, respectively. Serotype 24F ranked first and accounted for 16.4% of overall IPD cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From 2017 to 2022, among 931 IPD cases, PCV20 non-PCV13 serotypes (35.0% of cases) were implicated in 33.3% of deaths. Serotype 24F ranked first in overall IPD cases but is not included in third-generation PCVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and Reimbursement of G0545 in Infectious Diseases Billing at a Freestanding Pediatric Hospital.","authors":"Caitlin Naureckas Li, Kathleen Murtagh, Erin Claussen, Marcelo Malakooti, Ravi Jhaveri","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline of Pediatric Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Japan.","authors":"Hiroki Kondou, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Kiyoko Amo, Ayano Inui, Mureo Kasahara, Akihiko Saitoh, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki, Takaaki Tanaka, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Takeshi Tsugawa, Kazuhiko Bessho, Takayuki Hoshina, Isao Miyairi, Ichiro Morioka, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Sotaro Mushiake, Ryo Sumazaki, Mitsuaki Hosoya","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) has been reported globally since April 2022. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence of AHUE in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide survey of AHUE was conducted in 2510 pediatric hospitals by the Japan Pediatric Society. We retrospectively reviewed AHUE cases, defined by the World Health Organization's working case definition, and compared the incidence, clinical characteristics, and causative pathogens before the COVID-19 pandemic period (pre-pandemic, January 2017 to December 2019) and during the pandemic period (pandemic, January 2020 to June 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 707 cases (450 pre-pandemic, 257 pandemic) were reported. The median age was 3 years (interquartile range (IQR): 1-9 years), and 43.8% were female. The number of AHUE cases decreased significantly in the pandemic period (102.8 cases/year) compared with the pre-pandemic period (150.0 cases/year). Investigations of pathogens causing AHUE demonstrated that the most common cause was unknown, accounting for 64% and 75% of cases in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively. Among those whose pathogens were identified, the most common pathogens were Epstein-Barr virus (9.6%), cytomegalovirus (6.2%), and influenza (4.0%) in the pre-pandemic, and 7.0%, 3.5%, and 0.4%, respectively, in the pandemic period. SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus were only 2.7% and 1.9%, respectively, in the pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of AHUE cases decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period, and no increase in adenovirus-associated disease or severe cases was observed in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcal Serology Reference Intervals in an Australian Pediatric Cohort.","authors":"Shu Ki Tsoi, Sharon Choo, Lai-Yang Lee, Paul Monagle, Stephen Hearps, Vasiliki Karlaftis, Chantal Attard, Janet Burgess, Chuong Tran, Sheree Bazeley, Natalie Challen, Andrew C Steer, Joshua Osowicki","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnostic criteria for acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the 2 major autoimmune complications of Streptococcus pyogenes infection, include serological evidence of preceding infection. The S. pyogenes proteins, namely streptolysin O and deoxyribonuclease B, are the most widely used targets for clinical streptococcal serology. We aimed to establish age-based reference intervals (RIs) for healthy children in Victoria, Australia, to guide interpretation of anti-streptolysin O (ASO) levels measured by turbidimetry and nephelometry, and anti-deoxyribonuclease B (ADB) levels by nephelometry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples were collected from healthy pediatric cohorts aged 32-week gestation to <18 years at 4 hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, between February 2015 and October 2018. Anti-streptolysin O levels were measured in 2 cohorts: by turbidimetry in cohort 1 and by nephelometry in cohort 2. Anti-deoxyribonuclease B levels were measured by nephelometry in cohort 2. Reference intervals (RIs) for each age group were generated, including 80% upper limit of normal (ULN) cut-offs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-streptolysin O levels were measured by turbidimetry for 359 samples from cohort 1, and ASO and ADB levels were measured by nephelometry for 360 samples from cohort 2. Anti-streptolysin O levels, measured by turbidimetry, were highest in children 5-9 years of age (80% ULN 346 IU/mL) in cohort 1. For cohort 2, there was a linear age-related increase in ASO levels measured by nephelometry (80% ULN 426 IU/mL in those 15 to <18 years old) and ADB levels were highest in children aged 10-14 years (80% ULN 454 IU/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We established age-specific RI for ASO and ADB levels measured by turbidimetry and nephelometry for healthy Australian children. This study highlights the importance of local method-specific age-based RI to interpret ASO and ADB levels when clinicians suspect acute rheumatic fever or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G0545-An Acknowledgment of the Complexity and Value of Infectious Diseases Work.","authors":"Charles B Foster","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}