Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Identifying infants at low risk for neonatal herpes simplex virus infection.","authors":"Keerti L Dantuluri, Nathaniel S O'Connell, Gang Liu, Emilie Que Tam Dellit, Christine B Turley, Pablo J Sánchez, Amina Ahmed","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rare but associated with high rates of morbidity. Recent guidelines recommend considering HSV in infants < 21 days of age presenting for sepsis evaluations with certain risk factors. However, limited data exist on the value of these risk factors in stratifying the risk for neonatal HSV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of infants < 42 days of age who presented between 1/1/08 and 12/31/23 for sepsis evaluations to identify infants at low risk for neonatal HSV infection. We used Firth logistic regression to measure the odds ratio of the presence of high-risk criteria between infants without and those with HSV infection. High risk criteria included skin vesicles, seizures, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thrombocytopenia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and/or critical illness. We matched each case with control patients without neonatal HSV infection admitted within 45 days of the case. For each case, we identified 2 controls from group A, which included patients who tested negative for HSV, and 2 controls from group B, who may or may not have undergone HSV testing, but tested negative if they did.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two cases and 128 controls (64 in group A and 64 in group B) were identified. The mean age of cases was 14.3 days. The majority of cases were female, White, non-Hispanic, and born vaginally at term gestation. Controls, or infants without HSV, had lower prevalence of seizures, skin lesions, CSF pleocytosis, elevated ALT, thrombocytopenia, or critical illness compared to infants with HSV. The adjusted odds ratio of a control patient having at least one risk factor was 0.07 (95% CI 0.01 - 0.3) and 0.02 (95% CI 0 - 0.08) for control groups A and B, respectively, compared to cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among infants presenting for neonatal sepsis evaluations, those without HSV infection are unlikely to present with seizures, skin lesions, elevated ALT, thrombocytopenia, CSF pleocytosis, or critical illness compared to infants with HSV. The lack of these criteria can be used to guide targeted evaluation and management of neonatal HSV infection to minimize testing and treatment of low-risk infants.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Neonatal HSV is rare but associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We evaluate a set of high-risk criteria to determine if infants without these risk factors can have HSV safely excluded to avoid unnecessary testing and empiric treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Osteoarthritis Requires Advanced Diagnostic Methods.","authors":"Pablo Yagupsky","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Tuberculosis Infection-Related Outpatient Clinical Outcomes Across Neighborhood-Level Deprivation Quartiles.","authors":"Melissa E Day, Qing Duan, Mary Carol Burkhardt, Melissa Klein, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Andrew F Beck","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric tuberculosis infection (TBI) disproportionately affects those in complex social situations. Neighborhood characteristics may influence access to care and TBI-related outcomes. We sought to examine links between neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we identified children with TBI treated at our pediatric infectious diseases clinics between 2012 and 2023. We geocoded each child's address to identify neighborhood-level material community deprivation index (MCDI) scores. Outcomes included missed clinic visits, missed antibiotic doses, and changes in antibiotic therapy due to adherence concerns. We assessed the time between referral and first visit, first and second visits, and first and last visits. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and chi-squared tests examined relationships between DI quartile and clinical outcomes. Log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazard regression models evaluated time-to-event analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 150 children with TBI. There were no differences across MCDI quartiles in rates of missed clinic visits, missed antibiotic doses, changed therapy, or therapy completion. Higher deprivation was associated with a longer time between referral and first visit (median 12 days for low/moderate-low deprivation quartiles vs. 24 days for high/moderate-high deprivation quartiles, P = .004). The high/moderate-high deprivation category had a 39% lower hazard of getting to the first clinic visit after referral compared to the low/moderate-low deprivation category (HR 0.61; 95% CI, .43, .85) after adjustment for race, insurance, and language.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with TBI from socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods have longer times from referral to first clinical evaluation. Exploring drivers of differences could promote more equitable TBI care.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Variations in Incidence of Kingella kingae: Selection Bias or Reality?","authors":"Ian C Michelow, Zaid Alhinai, Pablo J Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaf034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric COVID-19 in Hawai'i: A Brief Report on Unique Hospitalization Characteristics.","authors":"Kyra A Len, Tiffany Wang, Cheryl K Okado, Diane Pan, Shelby S Tadaki, Chieko Kimata, Andrea M Siu, Natascha Ching, Jessica S Kosut","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While COVID-19 has been well-studied in other populations, there is a lack of information about the virus in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders. This retrospective study identified characteristics of this population in hospitalized pediatric patients in Hawai'i. This study also reviews vaccinations within this unique population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Neonates and Young Infants: A Phase 2a, Multicenter Prospective Trial.","authors":"John Bradley, Emmanuel Roilides, Margaret Tawadrous, Jean Li Yan, Elena Soto, Gregory G Stone, Shweta Kamat, Paurus Irani, Richard England","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This phase 2a study evaluated pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI; combination dosed as fixed 4:1 ratio) in neonates and young infants with suspected/confirmed infections due to Gram-negative pathogens requiring intravenous antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitalized neonates and infants (gestational age ≥ 26 weeks to < 3 months), enrolled sequentially into 3 age cohorts, received CAZ/AVI single dose (Part A) or multiple dose every 8 h (Part B) by 2-h intravenous infusions. Infants > 28 days (Cohort 1) received CAZ/AVI 37.5 mg/kg/dose (CAZ 30 mg/kg and AVI 7.5 mg/kg). Full-term neonates ≤ 28 days (Cohort 2) and preterm neonates ≤ 28 days (Cohort 3) received 25 mg/kg/dose (CAZ 20 mg/kg and AVI 5 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical and microbiological outcomes (Part B only) were assessed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six patients received CAZ/AVI, 25 in Part A and 21 in Part B. Sepsis (39.1%) and urinary tract infection (15.2%) were the predominant diagnoses. Observed drug plasma-concentration time profiles were generally similar across cohorts. Overall, 23 patients (50%) had ≥ 1 adverse event (AE), 8 patients (17.4%) had ≥ 1 serious AE (SAE), and 2 patients (4.3%) died; no SAE or death was treatment related. In Part B, ≥ 80% of patients had favorable clinical and microbiological responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma exposures after single and multiple CAZ/AVI doses in neonates and young infants < 3 months old (37.5 [30/7.5] mg/kg/dose for > 28 days; 25 [20/5] mg/kg/dose for ≤ 28 days) were similar to approved doses for older children. The safety profile of CAZ/AVI was as expected based on previous observations. Study funded by Pfizer. Trial registration: NCT04126031.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Demographics Are Associated With Testing for Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children.","authors":"Kareena Kloek, Ritu Banerjee, Meng Xu, Sophie E Katz","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among a retrospective cohort of 65 786 outpatient encounters for children >3 years with acute respiratory tract infection at an academic institution in 2023, 38 790 (59%) had a rapid group A streptococcal (GAS) test ordered. Testing rates differed significantly by race, ethnicity, insurance type, social vulnerability index, visit location, and clinician type, and children in historically underserved and socially vulnerable groups were less likely to undergo GAS testing compared to their social counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Outpatient Telehealth: An Accepted Model of Care.","authors":"Celisse Zabalo, Athanasios Tsalatsanis, Ambuj Kumar, Claudia Espinosa, Amol Purandare, Carina A Rodriguez, Christina Olson, Claudia Gaviria-Agudelo","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective cohort study assessed the differences between in-person vs telehealth (TH) services in pediatric infectious diseases. TH was noted to be used more frequently by Hispanic patients and established patients. TH decreased travel distance and no-show/cancellation rates. TH offers a valuable outpatient option for pediatric infectious disease patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Billing for and Documentation of Provider-to-Provider Interprofessional Consults in Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Caitlin Naureckas Li, Taylor Heald-Sargent, Kathleen Murtagh, Erin Claussen, Ravi Jhaveri","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases providers are frequently asked to provide \"curbside\" advice for patients they have not seen. We describe our experience in implementing a process for documentation of and billing for these provider-to-provider consultations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey response rates: Reassessing expectations.","authors":"Marie E Heffernan, Michelle L Macy","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}