Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Nirsevimab in Japanese Infants: Primary Analysis of the Open-Label JUBILUS Trial.","authors":"Masaaki Mori, Susannah Leach, Maria Learoyd, Divya Vijapur, Sam Sadow, Deidre Wilkins, Yoshifusa Abe, Kazushige Ikeda, Hirokazu Kanegane, Zempei Kano, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Jun Muneuchi, Ryuta Nishikomori, Kaoru Okazaki, Therese Takas, Ayako Sakaguchi, Tonya Villafana","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japanese infants aged ≤12 months at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infections who received two doses of nirsevimab 5-6 months apart, no safety concerns or anti-drug antibodies occurred. Nirsevimab serum concentrations were consistent with those previously demonstrated to be efficacious in healthy preterm and term infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13025070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Measles Vaccination in Infants Less than 12 Months: Global Practices, Immunity Outcomes, and Implications for Disease Prevention.","authors":"Amna AlSaihati, Manu Chaudhary, Liset Olarte","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measles continues to be a global threat that can lead to serious complications, especially in young infants. The World Health Organization recommends a two-dose vaccine series at different timeframes depending on local measles transmission rates; starting at 9 months in areas with ongoing transmission and 12 months in areas with low transmission. This leaves the majority of infants under 12 months of age at risk of infection. Early vaccination has been proposed, however, the interplay between early vaccination, presence of maternal antibodies, and immaturity of the infant immune system may lead to a less robust immune response as suggested by some studies. Other studies suggest that infants vaccinated early have a similar response to older infants, especially after receiving the full vaccination series. The implications of early vaccination are discussed in both outbreak and non-outbreak settings, though further studies are needed to guide optimal timing of early vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reports of My Demise Have Been Greatly Exaggerated.","authors":"Andrew S Haynes, Kira E Frappa, Matthew A Miller","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from French children: emm-1 genotype is associated with invasive infections and spread of the M1UK clone.","authors":"Philippe Bidet, Anna Giolito, Corinne Levy, Robert Cohen, Aurélie Bourmaud, Justine Pages, Valérie Banini-Soussan, Martin Chalumeau, Loic De Pontual, François Dubos, Marc Duval-Arnould, Vincent Gajdos, Yves Gillet, Christèle Gras-Leguen, Emmanuel Grimprel, Mathie Lorrot, Hervé Haas, Isabelle Hau, Laure Hees, Régis Hankard, Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse, Philippe Minodier, Julie Toubiana, Olivier Richer, Franck Thollot, Alain Wollner, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Capucine Picard, Albert Faye, Jean Gaschignard","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bacterial determinants of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) associated with either invasive (IGASI) or non-invasive (NIGASI) infections remain controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2014 to 2018, French children hospitalized for an IGASI were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study aimed at identifying bacterial virulence factors and predisposing immunologic and genetic factors. During the same period, age- and date-matched control children with NIGASI were enrolled. Whole genome sequencing was performed for all GAS isolates. The 27 specific single nucleotide polymorphisms characterizing the M1UK lineage were searched among the emm-1 isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 192 GAS isolates were sequenced: 94 from the IGASI group and 98 from the NIGASI group. The emm-1 genotype predominated in the IGASI group (36% vs. 11% in NIGASI group, P < .05) and was followed by emm-4, emm-12, and emm-3 (12%, 11%, and 10% respectively). In the NIGASI group, emm-89 predominated (21% vs 7% in the IGASI group, P<.05). Among the 45 emm-1 isolates, 12 (27%) carried the mutations characterizing clone M1UK in both groups (7 in IGASI group and 5 in NIGASI group). The superantigenic toxins SpeA and SpeJ, SIC protein, and FCT type 1 pilus predominated in the IGASI group but were linked to emm-1 strains. Insertions/deletions in the covS regulator gene were observed in 5 invasive isolates versus 1 non-invasive isolate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genotype emm-1 GAS strains remained the main cause of invasive infections in French children, associated to specific GAS virulence factors, and should be monitored together with the rapid spread of the M1UK lineage.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, Reactogenicity, and Acceptability of a Placebo Dissolving Microneedle Patch in Children.","authors":"Carol M Kao, Christina A Rostad, Peggy Kettle, Ashley Tippett, Jumi Yi, Inci Yildirim, Kathy Stephens, Chelsea Korski, Brian P Pollack, Mark R Prausnitz, Devin V McAllister, Sebastien Henry, Nadine Rouphael, Evan J Anderson","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Dissolving microneedle patches (dMNPs) are a novel vaccine delivery method that may enhance acceptability and uptake. However, more data on their use in children are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a single-center, unblinded study at Emory University to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and acceptability of placebo dMNPs applied to the skin of healthy infants and children. Each participant received a dMNP on day 1, and if well tolerated, could receive second and third dMNPs on day 8 applied to different anatomical sites. Solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 days following dMNP application. Unsolicited AEs, serious adverse events (SAEs), and new-onset medical conditions (NOMCs) were collected through the study. Parents were surveyed to assess dMNP acceptability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between August 2018 and April 2019, 25 participants 6 weeks to 24 months of age were enrolled. All the participants received one placebo dMNP applied to the wrist, and 23/25 received second and third placebo dMNPs. Overall, dMNPs were safe and well tolerated, with minimal local reactogenicity. Systemic reactogenicity was generally mild but grade 2 and 3 irritability were observed. There were no SAEs or NOMCs following the application of any dMNP. Parental acceptability of dMNPs was high, and parents reported that having a dMNP administered by a healthcare worker would increase their likelihood of obtaining a recommended vaccine for their child.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Placebo dMNPs were safe and well tolerated in infants and young children. These data support the continued development of pediatric dMNP vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of One-Time Universal Childhood Hepatitis C Screening in the United States.","authors":"Jessica Frankeberger, Melissa Choz, Tatyana Kushner, Nancy Reau, Lily Ostrer, Adriane Wynn, Natasha K Martin","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in pregnancy has increased, leading to increased perinatally exposed infants. Although universal HCV screening in pregnancy is recommended, pediatric cases remain undiagnosed. We examine the cost-effectiveness of universal HCV screening among children at age 2 and 10, when other routine blood testing is recommended.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An HCV natural history Markov model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal HCV screening independently at ages 2 and 10 compared to the currently recommended risk-based screening of children born to those with HCV. Based on previous literature, we assumed a 0.05% pediatric HCV chronic prevalence (0.73% chronic prevalence among pregnant persons and 7.2% vertical transmission). In the status-quo scenario, we assumed 23% of children with prenatal HCV exposure were screened. We assessed costs (United States Dollar), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, $ per QALY gained) compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP) of $50 000/QALY. We explored parameter uncertainty, including pediatric HCV chronic prevalence and screening rates, in multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Universal HCV screening at age 2 was cost-effective (ICER = $8774/QALY gained) compared to the status-quo risk-based screening. The lowest pediatric HCV chronic prevalence in which universal screening remained cost-effective under a WTP of $50 000/QALY was 0.007%. At age 10, universal screening was cost-effective compared to risk-based screening (ICER = $4404/gained) and was cost-effective at the lowest HCV prevalence in children of 0.006%. Models at both age 2 and 10 were robust to sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Universal HCV screening in childhood is cost-effective. Guidelines should consider recommending universal screening nationally, particularly if it can be conducted along with other routine pediatric blood draws.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Cure Research: Ethical and Real-World Practical Considerations for Pediatric and Adolescent Populations.","authors":"Elise Tirza Ohene-Kyei, Jessica Salzwedel, Karine Dubé, Yusuf H Wada, Mark Cotton, Deborah Persaud, Allison Agwu","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of Discernible Benefit of High-Dose Aspirin in the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease.","authors":"Lavina Thadani, Huthaifah Khan, Kwang-Youn Kim, Stanford Shulman, Anne Rowley","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piag002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piag002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a retrospective single-center cohort study of 460 children with Kawasaki Disease, initial treatment with low-dose aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resulted in similar coronary artery outcomes and IVIG retreatment rates compared to high-dose aspirin and IVIG. These findings support consideration of low-dose aspirin for the management of acute-phase Kawasaki Disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of a text message system for COVID-19 testing for K-12 school communities.","authors":"Maura Dougherty, Yelena P Wu, Leighann Kolp, Hannah L Brady, Tammy K Stump, Tatyana V Kuzmenko, Minkyoung Yoo, Jonathan Chipman, Guilherme Del Fiol, Kimberly A Kaphingst, Adam L Hersh, Kelly J Lundberg, Brian Orleans, Jennifer Wirth, David W Wetter, Richard E Nelson","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, school closures led to loss of school-based resources and substantial learning losses for children. To facilitate the return to in-person learning, schools across the US partnered with health agencies to implement strategies such as on-site and at-home COVID-19 testing programs. We aimed to quantify the cost-effectiveness of SCALE-UP Counts, a project that used text messaging and health navigation interventions to promote equitable COVID-19 testing among K-12 school students and their families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Families of children from sixteen K-12 schools in Utah were randomly assigned to one of three intervention arms from 2022-2023: unidirectional text messages regarding availability of free COVID-19 test kits [UC], intensive bidirectional text messaging with testing guidance and ability to request test kits [ITM], and intensive bidirectional text messaging plus health navigation [ITM + HN]. Expected cost and effectiveness of each approach was measured. Effectiveness was measured as missed school days avoided, missed workdays avoided, and COVID-19 tests taken, and calculated as ratios of differences over differences in costs. The analysis was performed using a decision analytic simulation model with probabilistic sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ITM + HN yielded most missed school days avoided (8290 vs. 1840) and COVID-19 tests taken (9468 vs. 1876) but was costlier than UC ($34 vs. $11 per family). The costs for ITM + HN compared to UC were $30/COVID-19 test taken, and $21/missed workday avoided. ITM alone did not yield improved outcomes relative to UC or ITM + HN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inclusion of a health navigator substantially enhances the benefits of bidirectional text messaging compared to UC but is costlier. This study quantifies these extra costs to inform decision makers as to the optimal screening and communication strategy for a school population during a pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Sustainable Meropenem Stewardship in Pediatric Care: Experience from a Public Hospital in a Middle-Income Country.","authors":"Alejandro Díaz-Díaz, Jose Arias, Adriana Echavarría, Carolina Jiménez Álvarez, Juan Gonzalo Mesa-Monsalve","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated a decade-long pediatric antimicrobial stewardship intervention targeting meropenem at a public hospital in Colombia. Structured preauthorization, prospective audit, and strengthened infection-control practices reduced meropenem use by >80% without compensatory increases in other broad-spectrum agents. Microbiologic trends remained stable, supporting the program's sustainability in a middle-income setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}