Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated With Pediatric COVID-19 Mortality: A Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) Study.","authors":"Michael Prodanuk, Michelle Barton, Julie Autmizguine, Corrine Sin Quee-Brown, Charles Hui, Sarah Khan, Paula M Lashley, Marie-Astrid Lefebvre, Lynne Li, Kirk Leifso, Alastair McAlpine, Gunjan Mhapankar, Tisha Parikh, Derek Stephens, Evelyn Tran, Joan L Robinson, Upton D Allen","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality are not well characterized in children. This Canadian-Caribbean case-control study identified 26 children who died of COVID-19 and matched them to 78 children hospitalized with COVID-19 who survived. Medical technology dependence and several comorbidities were associated with death, an outcome which occurred in 0.7% of COVID-19 admissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of T2Bacteria Panel in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Patients: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Lisa Hiskey, Heather L Glasgow, Diego Hijano, Jose Ferrolino, Ronald Dallas, Renee M Madden, Gabriela Maron, Randall T Hayden","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the use of the T2Bacteria panel for diagnosis of bloodstream infection in pediatric HCT/CT patients. Overall, the panel expedited recognition of bloodstream infections, providing results sooner than Gram stain and final blood culture identification. The T2Bacteria panel contributed to a change to appropriate therapy in 23% of patients with concordant positive results.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Evaluation of Bone Safety in Children and Adolescents With HIV-1 Starting Tenofovir Alafenamide-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Eva Natukunda, Aditya H Gaur, Jaime Gerardo Deville, Pope Kosalaraksa, Renate Strehlau, Elizabeth Castaño, Afaaf Liberty, Susanne Crowe, Ramesh Palaparthy, Vinicius Adriano Vieira, Kathryn Kersey, Natella Rakhmanina, Catherine M Gordon","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult participants taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in clinical trials had a better bone safety profile than those taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Herein, we report medium- to long-term effects of TAF-containing regimens on bone health in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post hoc pooled analysis of data from 2 phase 2/3 clinical studies (NCT01854775 and NCT02285114) evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of TAF-based regimens in children and adolescents with HIV-1. Participants were categorized into group 1 (aged 12 to < 18 years, weighing ≥ 35 kg), group 2 (aged 6 to < 12 years, weighing ≥ 25 kg), and group 3 (aged ≥ 2 years, weighing 14 to < 25 kg). Evaluations included virologic suppression, height Z-score, Tanner stage, bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and total body less head (TBLH; absolute and height-for-age Z-score adjusted [HAZ-adjusted] for both), bone serum markers, bone-related adverse events, and pharmacokinetic assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 169 participants were enrolled and treated (78, 61, and 30 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Median (range) exposure to study drug was 320.3 (8.3-492.3), 290.1 (24.0-393.9), and 168.3 (9.0-193.0) weeks in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) rates were high across all groups. Spine and TBLH absolute BMD increased over time in all groups, and spine and TBLH HAZ-adjusted BMD Z-scores increased or remained stable in all groups. There were no significant changes in bone serum markers, and no treatment-related fractures or bone-related adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TAF-based regimens demonstrated acceptable medium- to long-term bone safety in children and adolescents with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Challenges With Vitamin A Use in Measles.","authors":"Randal De Souza, Katia C Halabi, Juan D Chaparro, Pavel Prusakov, Alisha Chesser, Matthew C Washam, Masako Shimamura, Guliz Erdem","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Disease and Spectrum of Illness From Enterovirus-D68 Infections in US Children 0-2 Years of Age From a Longitudinal Community-Based Cohort, 2017-2019.","authors":"Zheyi Teoh, Claire M Midgley, Shannon Conrey, Allison Burrell, Brendon White, Claire P Mattison, Meredith L McMorrow, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Marissa Vawter-Lee, Ardythe L Morrow, Daniel C Payne, Mary Allen Staat","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this 2017-2019 community-based cohort, 245 healthy children were followed from birth to age 2 years. A total of 46 enterovirus-D68 infections were detected by nasal swabs, all occurring between August and November 2018, with no detections in other study periods. About 46% of infections met acute respiratory illness criteria, of which 33% were medically attended; none required hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Impacts of Federal Actions on State and Local Public Health Infrastructure.","authors":"Annabelle de St Maurice, Sharon Balter, Kelly Kimple, Zack Moore","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Infants at Low Risk for Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection.","authors":"Keerti L Dantuluri, Nathaniel S O'Connell, Gang Liu, Emilie Que Tam Dellit, Christine B Turley, Pablo J Sánchez, Amina Ahmed","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rare but associated with high rates of morbidity. Recent guidelines recommend considering HSV in infants ≤21 days of age presenting for sepsis evaluations with certain risk factors. However, limited data exist on the value of these risk factors in stratifying the risk for neonatal HSV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of infants ≤42 days of age who presented between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2023 for sepsis evaluations to identify infants at low risk for neonatal HSV infection. We used Firth logistic regression to measure the odds ratio of the presence of high-risk criteria between infants without and those with HSV infection. High-risk criteria included skin vesicles, seizures, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thrombocytopenia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and/or critical illness. We matched each case with control patients without neonatal HSV infection admitted within 45 days of the case. For each case, we identified 2 controls from group A, which included patients who tested negative for HSV, and 2 controls from group B, who may or may not have undergone HSV testing, but tested negative if they did.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two cases and 128 controls (64 in group A and 64 in group B) were identified. The mean age of cases was 14.3 days. The majority of cases were female, White, non-Hispanic, and born vaginally at term gestation. Controls, or infants without HSV, had lower prevalence of seizures, skin lesions, CSF pleocytosis, elevated ALT, thrombocytopenia, or critical illness compared to infants with HSV. The adjusted odds ratio of a control patient having at least 1 risk factor was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01-0.3) and 0.02 (95% CI, 0-0.08) for control groups A and B, respectively, compared to cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among infants presenting for neonatal sepsis evaluations, those without HSV infection are unlikely to present with seizures, skin lesions, elevated ALT, thrombocytopenia, CSF pleocytosis, or critical illness compared to infants with HSV. The lack of these criteria can be used to guide targeted evaluation and management of neonatal HSV infection to minimize testing and treatment of low-risk infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor in Response to \"Give Me Five\": The Case for 5 Days of Antibiotics as the Default Duration for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.","authors":"Nicole M Poole, Preeti Jaggi, Sophie E Katz, Rana E El Feghaly","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a Novel Stool Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Pediatric Tuberculosis Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Abigail Seeger, Joanna Ehrlich, Babongile Nkala, Tara Ness, Miguel Mario Cumbe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Shilzia Munguambe, Bariki Mtafya, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Sozinho Acacio, Lilian Komba, Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi, H Lester Kirchner, Christoph Lange, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Alexander Kay","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children have paucibacillary tuberculosis and cannot provide expectorated sputum. Invasive specimen collection, by gastric aspiration or sputum induction, has a low diagnostic yield. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and additive yield of a novel stool-based assay in children diagnosed with tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective case-control study from October 2020 to June 2023 in Eswatini, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Children under 15 years newly diagnosed with tuberculosis completed clinical examination, chest radiography, culture, sputum Xpert Ultra, stool Xpert Ultra, and stool-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (stool qPCR) assessment. Stool qPCR sensitivity was calculated against culture, a composite microbiological reference standard, and a clinical reference standard. Specificity was calculated in a control population of healthy, TB disease-free, child household contacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 456 children, 232 were diagnosed with TB and 224 controls. Stool sample collection was achieved in 95.6% of children. The qPCR was positive in 17.2% (40/232) of clinically diagnosed participants. In the same population, test positivity was 8% (13/162) for culture, 13.4% (27/202) sputum Xpert Ultra, and 14.8% (33/223) stool Xpert Ultra. When compared to a microbiological reference standard (any positive test), the sensitivity of stool qPCR was 35.6% (21/59). Specificity in the control population was 96.1% (196/204), and the additive yield of qPCR with all tests performed was of 8.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This stool qPCR assay can increase the microbiologic confirmation of tuberculosis in pediatric populations from TB high-burden settings. It may be particularly useful where resource limitations or clinical capacity impedes diagnostic specimen collection via sputum induction or gastric aspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018.","authors":"Shrijana Shrestha, Sanjeev M Bijukchhe, Brian Wahl, Michael J Carter, Rama Kandasamy, Meeru Gurung, Peter J O'Reilly, Marie Voice, Bhishma Pokhrel, Puja Amatya, Saugat Bhandari, Sonu Shrestha, Sarah Kelly, Dominic F Kelly, Stephen Thorson, David R Murdoch, Colin Fink, Maria Deloria Knoll, Andrew J Pollard","doi":"10.1093/jpids/piaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpids/piaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory viruses commonly cause pneumonia in children. We aimed to identify respiratory viral nucleic acids in the nasopharynx of children admitted with pneumonia from 2014 to 2018, a period including a major earthquake (April 2015), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction (August 2015), and a fuel shortage (October 2015 to March 2016).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children 2 months to 14 years admitted to Patan Hospital between March 2014 and February 2018 with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia had nasopharyngeal swabs collected and tested with a multiplex panel for the presence of genetic material from 23 respiratory pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1343 children with pneumonia, 974 (72.5%) had the nucleic acids of at least one respiratory virus in the nasopharynx. The median age of children with any viral genetic material detected was lower than those without (1.18, IQR: 0.59-2.39 years; vs 2.01 years, IQR: 0.81-4.34 years; P < .001). Commonly detected viral nucleic acids included those of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (21.0%), rhino/enterovirus (30.8%), and parainfluenza (7.4%). The odds of detecting any respiratory viral genetic material in children with pneumonia increased by 1.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 3.06) in the year after the earthquake, when there were several aftershocks and a fuel crisis, relative to other periods and accounting for other potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of viral diagnostics in pediatric pneumonia and suggest that public health measures addressing environmental conditions during disasters might help reduce respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":17374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}