Elham Abbasloo, Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani, Firas Kobeissy, Theresa Currier Thomas
{"title":"Evidence for the Induction of Analgesic Cross-Tolerance Between Opioid and Apelin/APJ Systems in Male Rats.","authors":"Elham Abbasloo, Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani, Firas Kobeissy, Theresa Currier Thomas","doi":"10.15288/jsad.23-00377","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsad.23-00377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Opioids are potent pain relievers for managing severe pain. However, their effectiveness is hindered by tolerance, which causes the need for higher doses and leads to adverse effects. In a previous study, we found that prolonged use of apelin, similar to opioids, results in a tolerance to its analgesic effects. It remains unclear whether there is a cross-tolerance between morphine and apelin, meaning if the analgesic effects of one can reduce the effectiveness of the other.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold. All experiments were carried out on 63 male Wistar rats, which received intrathecal apelin (3 μg/rat) or morphine (15 μg/rat) for 7 days. To determine cross-tolerance between the analgesic effect of morphine and apelin, the analgesic property of apelin or morphine was assessed in chronic morphine- or apelin-treated groups, respectively. To determine the role of apelin and opioid receptors signaling on the development of analgesic cross-tolerance, F13-A and naloxone, as apelin and opioid receptor antagonists, were injected simultaneously with morphine or apelin. At the end of the tests, the expression levels of apelin and μ-opioid receptors were evaluated by western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data indicated that chronic apelin or morphine use produced tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of each other. F13-A and naloxone could inhibit the induction of such cross-tolerance. The molecular data showed that there was a significant downregulation of apelin receptors in chronic morphine-treated rats and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic administration of apelin or morphine induces analgesic cross-tolerance that may, in part, be mediated through receptor interactions and downregulation. The demonstrated efficacy of F13-A in these experiments highlights its potential as a novel target for improving pain management through the inhibition of the apelin/APJ signaling pathway, meriting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":"704-712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140189823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traditional Medicine, Culture, and Psychedelic Science: New Pathways for Recovery From Substance Use Disorders.","authors":"Anja Loizaga-Velder, Armando Loizaga Pazzi","doi":"10.15288/jsad.23-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.23-00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides an intercultural transdisciplinary perspective on the Indigenous roots of the resurging field of psychedelic science in the management of substance use disorders (SUDs). Ritual uses of entheogens (i.e., psychedelics of natural origin) are elaborate technologies for navigating, containing, and therapeutically directing non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by these compounds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A narrative review of the literature on the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca, peyote, psilocybin-containing mushrooms, <i>Incilius alvarius</i>-derived 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), and iboga for the treatment of SUDs was conducted. This article also describes the application of some of these entheogens within a pilot intercultural clinical program implemented by the Yaqui tribe in Sonora, Mexico, for the treatment of SUDs and other mental health challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Observational research and preliminary clinical studies indicate the therapeutic potential and relative safety of these compounds in appropriate contexts, including the use of careful screening practices and complementary psychotherapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preliminary research points to the potential therapeutic value of integrating entheogenic plant and fungi medicine with culturally attuned therapeutic strategies. Respectful intercultural dialogue across worldviews and scientific paradigms allows for the further development of new perspectives at the intersection of entheogens, addiction treatment, mental health, and traditional medicine. More interdisciplinary research is necessary in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":"85 5","pages":"595-606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Memento Mori:</i> The Problem With Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) in Addiction Research and Policy.","authors":"Matthew Perkins-McVey","doi":"10.15288/jsad.23-00327","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsad.23-00327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":"750-755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cassidy R LoParco, Doug Henry, Zachary Prater, Carlton Bone, Matthew E Rossheim, Carla J Berg
{"title":"\"Non-Flavor\" Flavors: What Are the Implications of Derived Psychoactive Cannabis Product Marketing?","authors":"Cassidy R LoParco, Doug Henry, Zachary Prater, Carlton Bone, Matthew E Rossheim, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.15288/jsad.24-00174","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsad.24-00174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":"756-758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bethany A Gray, Olivia L Bolts, Deborah Fidler, Mark Prince
{"title":"Identifying Three Psilocybin Use Patterns by Frequency and Quantity.","authors":"Bethany A Gray, Olivia L Bolts, Deborah Fidler, Mark Prince","doi":"10.15288/jsad.23-00312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.23-00312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patterns of psilocybin use in non-clinical settings are not well described in the literature. Psilocybin use can involve infrequent, large (i.e., macro) doses that produce hallucinogenic effects. In addition, some people report psilocybin use at particularly small (i.e., micro), sub-perceptual doses. Given the heterogeneity in reported use metrics, we sought to determine whether there are identifiable patterns of psilocybin use based on participants' self-described typical use frequencies and quantities and to describe how demographic characteristics are associated with each pattern of use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were recruited from online communities via Reddit.com. We used Latent Profile Analysis to discern psilocybin use patterns defined by frequency and quantity of use. The analytic sample consisted of 664 participants (75.6% US residents; 83.1% white; 67.2% male).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Chipper Profile (18%) was associated with approximately 1-4 annual uses and using between 0.75g and 1.0g of dehydrated, psilocybin-containing mushrooms. The Tripper Profile (64%) was associated with approximately 2-6 annual uses and self-reported use quantities between 2-4g. The Microdoser Profile (18%) was related to substantively higher psilocybin use frequencies than the other profiles (between 2-4 times a week) and a lower range of preferred quantities (between 0.25g - 0.75g). Additionally, profiles differed by certain demographic measurements, lifetime psilocybin use, and timing of psilocybin use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psilocybin use in non-clinical settings is heterogeneous. We identified three profiles that differed on frequency and quantity of use and their associated demographic characteristics. Next steps are to identify factors that affect one's likelihood of experiencing particular use outcomes and to explore use variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associations Between Readmission and Length of Stay in the Acute Admission Unit for Patients with Alcohol-Related Diagnoses-A Cohort Study.","authors":"Nanna F Skov, Gitte B Tygesen, Marianne Lisby","doi":"10.15288/jsad.23-00395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.23-00395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with alcohol-related diagnosis in emergency departments (ED) are at high risk of readmission. Evidence shows an association between alcohol related admissions and a wide range of diseases and disorders. Understanding the risk factors for readmission and the asso-ciation with length of stay in the ED may help identify those who would benefit from targeted interventions. Thus, the hypothesis of this study is that patients with alcohol-related diagnoses and a short length of stay in the ED have a higher risk for readmission. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between length of stay in the ED and 30-day readmission for patients with alcohol-related acute admissions as well as to uncover possible risk factors for 30-day read-mission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a retrospective cohort design and was carried out from March 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020. The inclusion criteria were ≥ 18 years, admitted to an ED, and having an alcohol-related primary or secondary diagnosis (based on ICD-10 codes). Patients were fol-lowed for 30 days after discharge from initial hospitalization to identify associations between length of stay and 30-day readmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1,174 patients and found that 17% (95% CI: 15-20) of the patients admitted with an alcohol-related primary or secondary diagnosis were readmitted within 30 days. The hazard ratio (HR) for readmission increased with length of stay when compared to admission ≤ 24 hr; admission > 24-48 hr HR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.08), admission > 48 hr HR 2.08 (95% CI: 1.23-3.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that patients with alcohol-related diagnoses were at a higher risk of ED readmission the longer they stayed in the ED. Furthermore, the risk of readmis-sion increased if patients had a medical or psychiatric diagnosis prior to admission or lived alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mental Health Modulates Associations between Institutional Belonging and Substance Use Risk.","authors":"Danny Rahal, Kristin J Perry, Stephanie T Lanza","doi":"10.15288/jsad.23-00382","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsad.23-00382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to characterize profiles of mental health, incorporating both indicators of psychopathology and well-being, among college students and determine whether institutional belonging differentially relates to past month substance use by mental health profile.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Students (<i>N</i> = 4018; 59.5% female, 74.7% white) completed a survey regarding mental health (i.e., anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, stress, flourishing, academic confidence), institutional belonging, and whether they had engaged in any binge drinking of alcohol and use of cannabis and nicotine products, including nicotine vaping, over the past month.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent profile analyses indicated five profiles of mental health with differing levels of psychopathology and well-being. Greater institutional belonging was only related to higher odds of binge drinking among students in profiles characterized by average or high well-being, irrespective of psychopathology. Among students with overall poor mental health, higher institutional belonging was related to higher odds of nicotine use. Results were generally invariant to campus and year at college.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight that both positive and negative aspects of mental health should be considered when assessing college students' substance use. Greater institutional belonging may incur risk for substance use differentially by mental health, with respect to binge drinking for those with high levels of positive well-being and non-vaping nicotine use for those with overall poor mental health. Because associations emerged between belonging and substance use risk, institutions could consider implementing or raising awareness of alcohol-free, inclusive activities to ensure that students can feel a sense of belonging while abstaining from drinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
April C May, Lauren H Stephens, Eric P Kraybill, Dieter J Meyerhoff, Timothy C Durazzo
{"title":"Frontal Brain N-Acetylaspartate at Treatment Entry is Related to Future WHO Risk Drinking Levels in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.","authors":"April C May, Lauren H Stephens, Eric P Kraybill, Dieter J Meyerhoff, Timothy C Durazzo","doi":"10.15288/jsad.24-00168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.24-00168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the viability of regional brain metabolite levels of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) at treatment entry as a biomarker of post-treatment levels of alcohol use, categorized according to the World Health Organization risk drinking levels (WHO-RDL).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-five individuals initiating treatment for AUD (16 ± 13 days after last alcohol consumption), and 45 light/non-drinking controls (LN) completed a 1.5T proton multislice magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal viability, and other metabolites were quantitated for cortical gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and select subcortical regions. Individuals with AUD were classified according to their post-treatment alcohol consumption, as abstainers (AB, n=42), low risk (RL, n=20), or higher risk (RH, n=23), based on the WHO-RDL taxonomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within frontal GM, RH exhibited significantly lower NAA levels than LN and AB but did not differ from RL. RH had significantly lower NAA concentration in frontal WM than all groups who did not significantly differ from one another. RH showed significantly lower parietal WM NAA than LN and AB; RL and RH did not differ from one another. Across RH and RL, lower frontal GM and WM NAA was related to shorter period of abstinence before first post-treatment alcohol consumption and longer post-treatment duration of alcohol resumption. There were no significant group differences in myo-inositol or choline- or creatine-containing compound concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Frontal and parietal lobar NAA concentrations, near treatment entry, are associated with WHO-RDL categorized post-treatment alcohol consumption levels and may serve as predictive biomarkers of clinical outcomes following treatment for AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vi T Le, Jennifer A Bailey, Jessica A Heerde, Gabriel J Merrin, Ebru A Batmaz, Adrian B Kelly, John W Toumbourou
{"title":"The Roles of Alcohol Availability, Overserving, and Enforcement in Recreational and Social Settings on Alcohol Misuse and Harms: A Comparison of Australia and the United States.","authors":"Vi T Le, Jennifer A Bailey, Jessica A Heerde, Gabriel J Merrin, Ebru A Batmaz, Adrian B Kelly, John W Toumbourou","doi":"10.15288/jsad.24-00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.24-00036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine how alcohol availability, overserving, and enforcement in recreational and social settings are related to alcohol misuse and alcohol-impaired driving among young adults in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Longitudinal data came from 1,430 participants in Victoria (n = 757; 52% female) and Washington (n = 673; 53% female), surveyed in 2014 (age 25) and 2018 (age 29) from the International Youth Development Study, a population-based, cross-national study to examine factors influencing substance use. Path modeling tested associations between age 25 perceptions of the alcohol environment, age 25 social alcohol consumption, and age 31 alcohol-related harms. Multiple-group modeling examined differences in parameter estimates across both states.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age 25 perceptions of the alcohol environment (alcohol availability, overservice in evening social venues, legal enforcement) and alcohol consumption in evening social settings were similar between the two states. Higher alcohol availability and perceived tendency of evening social venues to overserve were associated with higher alcohol consumption in these contexts. In turn, higher alcohol consumption in these settings was associated with more problematic alcohol use and an increased likelihood of alcohol-impaired driving 4 years later. Perceived likelihood of legal enforcement in evening social settings was not related to alcohol consumption in these contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The recreational and social settings commonly frequented by young adults can influence drinking behaviors and alcohol-related harms. Reducing alcohol availability and over-servicing in settings where young adults often congregate and socialize could reduce problematic alcohol use and alcohol-impaired driving.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne M Fairlie, Brian H Calhoun, Charles Fleming, Miranda L M Delawalla, Griselda Martinez, Max A Halvorson, Isaac C Rhew, Jason R Kilmer, Katarina Guttmannova
{"title":"Age-related Changes in Past-Month Alcohol, Cannabis, and Simultaneous Use in a Statewide Sample of Young Adults in Washington State.","authors":"Anne M Fairlie, Brian H Calhoun, Charles Fleming, Miranda L M Delawalla, Griselda Martinez, Max A Halvorson, Isaac C Rhew, Jason R Kilmer, Katarina Guttmannova","doi":"10.15288/jsad.24-00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.24-00065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is unknown whether age-related decreases in substance use (maturing out) are observed in the legalized cannabis context. This study evaluated age-related changes in past-month alcohol use frequency, cannabis use frequency, and any simultaneous alcohol and marijuana/cannabis (SAM) use among young adults who engaged in the respective substance use behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Young adults, residing in Washington State at enrollment (N=6,509; 68.3% female; ages 18-25), provided 3-5 years of annual data in a longitudinal, cohort-sequential design from 2015 to 2019, a period after nonmedical cannabis was legalized and implemented. Multilevel growth models were conducted; post-stratification weights were applied to make the sample more similar to the Washington young adult general population in demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among those who reported alcohol use at 1+ timepoints, days of alcohol use increased from age 18 to approximately age 25 and then decreased until age 30. Among those who reported cannabis use at 1+ timepoints, days of cannabis use increased from age 18 until approximately age 23 and then decreased until age 30. Among those who reported SAM use at 1+ timepoints, the probability of SAM use increased from age 18 until approximately age 24 and then decreased until age 30. Age-related changes in SAM use were largely explained by concurrent changes in alcohol and cannabis use frequency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maturing out was observed for alcohol, cannabis, and SAM use among those who used each respective substance, with evidence that age-related changes in SAM use were tied to alcohol and cannabis use frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":17159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}