Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"Clinical practices in the management of cervical Hansen type I intervertebral disc herniation among veterinary neurologists in North America and Europe.","authors":"A Mondino, M Riobó, N J Olby, S Moore, P J Early","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe current clinical practices in the management of cervical Hansen type I intervertebral disc herniation among American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine/European College of Veterinary Neurology neurologists.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An anonymous web-based survey was distributed via professional listservs between October and November 2025. Survey items addressed diagnostic imaging, indications and urgency for surgery, surgical technique and fenestration, foraminal injections, analgesia, medical management, activity restriction and perceived prognostic factors. Responses were summarised descriptively and compared between North American and European veterinary neurologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 233 responses, 198 met inclusion criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging was the most commonly used diagnostic modality. Surgery was infrequently recommended for first-presentation cervical pain without neurological deficits, but was commonly recommended for recurrent or refractory pain, ambulatory tetraparesis and non-ambulatory tetraparesis or tetraplegia, with increasing urgency reported for more severe neurological dysfunction and the presence of hypoventilation. Ventral slot decompression was the predominant surgical approach. Fenestration practices varied, with prophylactic fenestration reported more frequently by American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine neurologists. Compared with European College of Veterinary Neurology neurologists, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine neurologists reported more frequent use of corticosteroids and strict crate confinement, whereas European College of Veterinary Neurology neurologists more commonly reported use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid-based local or bolus analgesic techniques. Additionally, European College of Veterinary Neurology neurologists reported more frequent use of foraminal injections.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Management of cervical Hansen type I intervertebral disc herniation shows strong agreement regarding diagnostic imaging and surgical decompression, but notable variation in analgesic strategies, medical management and activity restriction. These findings identify areas where further evidence and consensus guidelines may help standardise clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous rhinolithiasis in a dog: computed tomographic findings, histopathology and surgical removal via a transalveolar approach.","authors":"M Nanri, M Murakami, T Kojima, M Suematsu","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An 8-year-old spayed female Chihuahua (1.9 kg) was referred for a 7-month history of dyspnoea, stertor and right-sided nasal discharge. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography identified a 6.3 × 4.1 × 3.6 mm irregular mineral-attenuating structure within the right nasal cavity and mild bilateral intranasal fluid, supporting rhinolithiasis. Endoscopic retrieval was attempted but was unsuccessful because the calculus was large relative to the nasal lumen and firmly adhered to the turbinates. Surgical removal was therefore performed via a transalveolar approach following extraction of the right maxillary canine tooth. Postoperative and follow-up computed tomography at 3 and 11 months confirmed complete removal and no recurrence, with resolution of clinical signs. Histopathology demonstrated basophilic mineralised deposits without an exogenous nidus, supporting an endogenous rhinolith. This case highlights the value of computed tomography for diagnosis and procedural planning and suggests that a transalveolar approach can be a useful salvage option when endoscopic extraction is unsuccessful.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Owners' perspective on using a continuous glucose monitoring system with their diabetic pet.","authors":"T Dodig, L Stammeleer, T Brkljačić, S Haesen, M Van den Abeele, B Delahunty, S Daminet","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated pet owners' perspectives on the use of FreeStyle Libre® - continuous glucose monitoring system for monitoring their diabetic pet, focusing on the sensor's advantages and disadvantages. It sought to assess owner satisfaction with the sensor's usability, as well as owners' perceived impact on their pet's quality of life and diabetes mellitus control.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An anonymous online survey was retrospectively distributed to 65 diabetic pet owners, with 35 responses received (18 cat and 17 dog owners), resulting in a 53% response rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In owners' opinion, enhanced diabetes control was observed in 77% of patients, with 57% indicating improved pet's quality of life (compared with quality of life at the time of diagnosis). Ninety-one percent would use the sensor again, and 94% would recommend it to other owners. In 63% of the pets, the sensor remained attached for 11 to 14 days. One pet actively removed the sensor, while in 28% of cases, it detached spontaneously. Owners reported a moderate stress level for themselves (mean 4.57 ± 3.58, 0 to 10 scale; 10 = highest stress) when using the sensor. Although the sensor cost was rated as moderately high (mean 7.37 ± 2.157, 0 to 10 scale; 10 = expensive), overall owner satisfaction was high as well (median 8, IQR = 2, 0 to 10 scale; 10 = very satisfied). Thirty-one per cent of owners were often concerned about the glucose readings.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Continuous glucose monitoring system FreeStyle Libre® is a user-friendly tool associated with high owner satisfaction and good performance with the potential to enhance both pet's and owner's quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaesthetic management of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: results of a questionnaire survey of veterinary anaesthesiologists.","authors":"E Vettorato, S Bell, E J Benjamin, A H Estrada, L Köster","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe current opinions and clinical preferences of veterinary anaesthesiologists regarding anaesthetic management of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional questionnaire survey presented American board-certified veterinary anaesthesiologists with seven standardised clinical scenarios involving nervous and potentially aggressive dogs with MMVD, of increasing severity (stage B1, B2 and C) and medication status. Respondents rated their level of agreement (5-point Likert scale) with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, pre-anaesthetic medication choices, use of ketamine, intraoperative fluid therapy rates and likelihood of using dobutamine. Responses were summarised as percentages of agreement (strongly agree and agree), neutrality or disagreement (strongly disagree and disagree).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As MMVD severity increased, 21 respondents demonstrated a progressive shift towards higher ASA classifications and increased likelihood of cardiovascular support. Opioid-based premedication strategies were generally favoured, while combinations including acepromazine or ɑ-2 agonists were increasingly avoided in advanced disease stages. Ketamine use was more commonly supported in earlier disease stages and less frequently endorsed in stage C cases. Lower intraoperative fluid rates (2 to 3 mL/kg/hour) were preferred across scenarios, particularly in advanced MMVD. The likelihood of dobutamine use increased with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This survey highlights substantive consensus among veterinary anaesthesiologists regarding cautious anaesthetic management of dogs with advanced MMVD. Disease stage strongly influencing drug selection, fluid therapy and cardiovascular support strategies. Understanding prevailing expert opinion may assist clinicians in decision-making for anaesthetic management of dogs with MMVD, particularly in the absence of definitive clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracavity catheter fragmentation during modified Seldinger pericardiocentesis and thoracocentesis in two dogs.","authors":"E Phillips, D Koc, F Allerton, H Hodgkiss-Geere","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes two canine cases involving fracture of a small-bore wire-guided thoracostomy drain during pericardiocentesis and thoracocentesis. Clinical records were reviewed to extract relevant signalment, presentation details, diagnostic findings, procedural notes, interventions and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of surgical treatment of severe keratomalacia in dogs and cats with a 360-degree conjunctival graft: 12 cases (2017-2024).","authors":"L Schweitzer, L Zuzzi-Krebitz, B K Braus","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To retrospectively review the outcome of a 360-degree conjunctival graft in 12 dogs and cats with severe keratomalacia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten dogs and two cats with keratomalacia involving more than 50% of the corneal surface were included. Four patients presented with concurrent corneal perforation, two with an associated iris prolapse. A 360-degree conjunctival graft and a temporary tarsorrhaphy were carried out in all patients and removed after a median time of 20 days. The final outcome was categorised into three groups (visual, blind, loss of the globe). The corneal transparency of visual eyes was further categorised according to a grading scheme into minimal (1), moderate (2) or severe (3) corneal opacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globe preservation was achieved in 10/12 (83.3%) of eyes, with 7/10 (70%) maintaining visual function. Corneal clarity scores among visual eyes were minimal in 57.1%, moderate in 28.6% and severe in 14.3%. Three out of four perforated eyes were successfully salvaged, with two retaining vision. Short-term complications included graft and/or tarsorrhaphy dehiscence (5/12), granulation tissue formation (3/12), panuveitis (1/12) and persistence of keratomalacia (2/12), resulting in enucleation of the latter two cases. Long-term complications of the remaining eyes included corneal fibrosis (9/10), pigmentation (8/10) and neovascularisation (6/10).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The 360-degree conjunctival graft is a useful and accessible treatment option for the management of severe keratomalacia in dogs and cats, offering high rates of globe preservation and visual function even in perforated eyes. Corneal opacity was minimal in the majority of cases at the last follow-up examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical use of sodium bicarbonate in small animals: indications, electrolyte changes and survival outcome.","authors":"L Hoover, M A Oyama, E L Reineke","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to describe the use of sodium bicarbonate in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective descriptive study of animals administered sodium bicarbonate from 2019 to 2023 in a university teaching hospital. Data collected included clinical use, dose and infusion duration, pre- and post- sodium bicarbonate venous blood gas values and perfusion parameters and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five dogs and 28 cats were identified. Kidney disease was the most common indication for sodium bicarbonate administration in dogs and cats. The median dose of sodium bicarbonate administered in dogs and cats was 2.12 mEq/kg (range: 0.68 to 6.48 mEq/kg) and 2.49 mEq/kg (range: 1 to 6.48 mEq/kg), respectively. The most common dilution of sodium bicarbonate administered was 1 mL sodium bicarbonate diluted with 6 mL of sterile water, and the median infusion time was 6 hours (range <1 to 24 hours). The overall mean pH was significantly higher following sodium bicarbonate administration (N = 46; pH 7.020 vs. 7.128). Ionised hypocalcaemia following sodium bicarbonate was identified in 33% (15/46) of animals. Hypernatraemia was rare (N = 2). There was no correlation between sodium bicarbonate dose with change in pH, HCO₃, ionised calcium, sodium or potassium. There was no significant association with sodium bicarbonate dose and survival (OR: 0.724, 95% CI 0.410 to 1.277) or pH change and survival (OR: 0.676, 95% CI 0.323 to 1.410).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study provides a description of current indications, dosing and electrolyte changes that may occur in animals administered sodium bicarbonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of left ventricular-arterial coupling using echocardiography in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","authors":"A Kittirattanachai, S D Surachetpong","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ventricular-arterial coupling is the interaction between the ventricle and the arterial system, reflecting overall cardiovascular performance. It is estimated by the ratio of effective arterial elastance (E_a) to left ventricular end-systolic elastance (E_es). Inappropriate ventricular-arterial coupling has been associated with greater disease severity and poorer prognosis. However, no studies have evaluated ventricular-arterial coupling in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the echocardiographically estimated ventricular-arterial coupling in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included data from 36 healthy cats and 69 cats diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group was further subdivided into stages B1, B2 and C. Echocardiographic parameters were used to estimate E_a and E_es, for the calculation of ventricular-arterial coupling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the ventricular-arterial coupling value in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy stage B1 was significantly lower than that of both the healthy control group and the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy stage C group. Ventricular-arterial coupling had a strong negative correlation with fractional shortening (P < .001, r = -0.808) and a fair positive correlation with left ventricular internal diameter (P < .001, r = 0.496).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>With further study, ventricular-arterial coupling estimated by echocardiography has the potential to become a valuable parameter for early detection and evaluation of cardiac function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of lingual oscillometric and invasive blood pressure measurement in dogs under general anaesthesia.","authors":"C Kyle, J Deutsch","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to evaluate agreement between tongue-based oscillometric and invasive arterial blood pressure in anaesthetised dogs, assess performance against American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization validation criteria and examine proportional bias overall and by body size and phenotype.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective observational study of 89 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia. Simultaneous tongue-based oscillometric and invasive arterial systolic, mean and diastolic pressures were recorded at 5-minute intervals (1780 paired observations). Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis and performance judged against American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization criteria. Proportional bias (difference vs. mean pressure) was evaluated with linear mixed-effects models with dogs as a random effect, with body size (≤10 kg vs. >10 kg) and phenotype (chondrodystrophic vs. non-chondrodystrophic) as interaction terms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine criteria were met for mean and diastolic but not systolic pressure; no measure met Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization thresholds. Limits of agreement for mean and diastolic pressures were wide. Systolic pressure showed magnitude-dependent underestimation, whereas mean and diastolic pressures did not. Underestimation increased with systolic pressure in dogs >10 kg and in non-chondrodystrophic dogs, whereas no clear pressure-dependent trend was seen in dogs ≤10 kg or in chondrodystrophic dogs. Transient tongue swelling occurred in one dog; no other tongue-related adverse events were recorded.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Tongue-based oscillometry achieved acceptable agreement for mean and diastolic arterial pressures according to American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine criteria but did not meet Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization validation standards. However, limits of agreement remained wide, and tongue-based oscillometric blood pressure should be interpreted cautiously and in conjunction with clinical context, rather than as a direct substitute for invasive blood pressure measurements. When invasive monitoring is unavailable, it remains useful for following trends in mean and diastolic pressure. Systolic values should be interpreted cautiously, particularly at higher pressures in dogs >10 kg or non-chondrodystrophic dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Up to and including death\": understanding anaesthesia-related anxiety among pet owners in a tertiary-care setting.","authors":"A Shuttleworth, C Adami","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Preparing clients for their pet to undergo general anaesthesia is an important and common task for veterinary professionals. The aims of this study were to better understand referral client anxiety relating to general anaesthesia and to determine their level of knowledge in this area.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pet owners attending a UK referral centre whose dog or cat had undergone general anaesthesia between February 6, 2022 and February 6, 2025 were invited to take part in an online survey. The questionnaire comprised four sections: demographics, concerns regarding general anaesthesia, knowledge of this area and provision of consent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 432 responses were included in analysis. 69.2% of respondents reported feeling \"anxious\" towards general anaesthesia, with 60.9% indicating that they had concerns. Of the categories of concern reported, anaesthetic death and contextual factors were cited in 31% and 30% of responses, respectively. The mean average mortality rate estimated by respondents for healthy dogs and cats was 16.2% (95% confidence interval: dogs 14.20 to 18.25, cats 14.01 to 18.35) compared to 9.7% (95% confidence interval: 8.17 to 11.26) for humans. 89.4% of respondents were happy with the level of information they received ahead of the anaesthetic and 88.5% reported that they provided informed consent. When provided with published statistics for anaesthetic mortality in UK dogs and cats, 63% of participants found this reassuring.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Causes of owner anxiety regarding general anaesthesia are multifactorial and do not always relate to mortality. UK referral clients may perceive a higher rate of anaesthetic mortality in healthy dogs and cats than currently evidenced.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}