Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"Haemorrhagic myelopathy causing acute post-operative paralysis in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a congenital lordosis.","authors":"L A Bergeron, C Giron, C Rosa-Teijeiro, P Hélie, J Parent, C Vergneau-Grosset","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 7-month-old mixed-breed lionhead entire female rabbit, presented for ovariohysterectomy, displayed a mild bilateral hind limb paresis with external rotation of the hip joints, associated with grade 1/5 pododermatitis of the hind limbs. Investigations were declined by the owner prior to surgery. After a seemingly uncomplicated ovariohysterectomy, the rabbit displayed an acute rapidly progressive bilateral hind limb paralysis with retention of nociception and mild right forelimb paresis. A recheck complete neurologic examination on the following day showed paralysis of the hind limbs without nociception. Post-operative vertebral column radiographs under sedation revealed thoracic lordosis, presumably congenital. Differential diagnoses for paralysis included vascular disease, alteration of the site of congenital vertebral anomaly by perioperative manipulations or iatrogenic medullary injection. Due to the presumed poor prognosis associated with the severity of clinical signs, humane euthanasia was elected. Post mortem magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination revealed extensive acute thoracolumbar haemorrhagic myelopathy. Using a comparative medicine approach, a similar complication is reported in children with thoracolumbar vertebral malformation and in horses after general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of non-experimental haemorrhagic myelopathy in a rabbit. Veterinarians should consider this potential complication in rabbits presenting with thoracolumbar lordosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do UK rabbit owners over-estimate the risk of rabbit anaesthetic mortality? An owner-based survey.","authors":"R Sibbald, J C Duncan, N Grint","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate UK pet rabbit owners' knowledge and perceptions surrounding anaesthetic mortality in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A web-based survey was conducted using JISC Online Surveys (version 2) and consisted of 20 multiple choice style questions evaluating respondent demographics, perceptions of anaesthetic risk in rabbits, knowledge of anaesthetic practice and information-seeking behaviour and communication preferences. Responses were downloaded from JISC Online Surveys, then frequency reported, and quantitative data were compared by basic descriptive analysis of raw data. The relationship between categorical variables was examined using the chi-squared test with exact P value. Differences across strata were assessed using the Cochran-Mantel Haenszel test. The respondent's knowledge surrounding the risk of death due to anaesthesia in young, healthy rabbits and older, unhealthy rabbits was analysed by calculating the difference in risk for each respondent using a one-sample t-test. Results were reported as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 529 responses were analysed to assess frequency of certain responses. The majority of respondents had a rabbit put under anaesthetic for a medical or surgical procedure (92%; n = 489/529), 26.2% (n = 128/489) of which reported complications. Owners who experienced complications were two times more likely to refuse anaesthesia (χ² = 6.14; P = .018); odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) = 2.01 (1.15 to 3.51). There was a difference in the respondents' perceived risk for dogs and cats compared to other small mammals (χ² = 673; P < .001), and a majority thought that the risk of rabbits dying under anaesthesia compared with dogs and cats was higher (90.9%, n = 481/529). Each participant perceived the risk for older rabbits to be roughly 20% to 30% higher than younger rabbits (one-sample t = 30.03, P < .001). Of 527 respondents only (6.5%, n = 34/529) thought that risk of death for young, healthy rabbits was between 0% and 1% and nearly half (48.2%, n = 254) thought this risk laid between 5% and 30%. Approximately, a third (29.3%, n = 155) also thought that communication of the risks of death by the veterinary profession could be improved.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>UK rabbit owners over-estimate the risk of anaesthetic death in rabbits compared with current literature reporting rabbit anaesthetic mortality rates. There is also a need for better communication from the veterinary profession surrounding these risks. This study highlights the potential for the veterinary profession to provide better education and reassurance to rabbit owners prior to anaesthetic procedures to ensure informed consent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"432-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146064337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional radiographic study on the prevalence and distribution of dentigerous cysts in unerupted teeth in adult dogs.","authors":"C S Heinze, J E Miles, J Gawor, H E Kortegaard","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence and distribution of dentigerous cysts among unerupted teeth in adult dogs based on age, sex, reproduction status and cranial conformation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional radiographic study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical data, including breed, age, sex and reproduction status. Diagnostic dental radiographic imaging was reviewed. Binomial logistic regression was used to investigate factors contributing to the likelihood of having a cyst in dogs with one or more unerupted teeth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and eighty-five unerupted teeth and 95 (33.3%) dentigerous cysts were identified in 206 dogs out of approximately 13,000 records examined between 01/2017 and 06/2023. The highest frequency of unerupted teeth was found on the mandibular first premolars, mandibular third molars and mandibular central incisors. Regardless of tooth type, prevalence per site was under 50% for all but the mandibular second incisor. Brachycephalic dogs had higher odds of having cysts than non-brachycephalic or mixed breed dogs (odds ratios of 3.39 and 2.79), and neutered male dogs had higher odds than intact females (odds ratio of 1.58).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Results suggest that close monitoring of unerupted teeth without radiographic evidence of associated cysts may be an appropriate minimally invasive treatment method in lieu of prophylactic extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"422-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant hypertrophic gastritis in a 6-year-old Shetland sheepdog.","authors":"S Christie, B Gomes, N Reed","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146064360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine prostatic-specific esterase and prostatic ultrasound correlation in dogs: diagnostic value, influence of castration and clinical cut-off proposal.","authors":"R Rodríguez-Trujillo, M Batista-Arteaga, K Iusupova","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentrations and ultrasonographic prostatic dimensions in male dogs, considering the influence of reproductive status, age and body weight.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy-four male dogs were included and categorised according to reproductive condition (entire or neutered), age group and body weight. All animals underwent clinical examination, transabdominal ultrasonography to assess prostatic dimensions (length, height, width and perimeter) and blood sampling for quantification of serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentrations. Statistical analyses assessed associations between prostatic esterase levels, prostate size and individual variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentrations were significantly higher in entire and large-breed dogs. No significant correlation was observed with age. Moderate correlations were found between serum esterase levels and both prostatic height and perimeter. A concentration threshold of 47.95 ng/mL demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance (area under the curve = 1.00) for identifying dogs with prostatic enlargement.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentration is a promising non-invasive biomarker for evaluating prostatic status in male dogs. However, interpretation must consider body size and reproductive status. Its integration into routine screening could improve early detection and monitoring of prostatic changes, particularly in high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"413-421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An educational intervention, the use of optimal sanitisation and regular measurement of infection control outcomes can greatly reduce contamination levels in the veterinary practice.","authors":"N A Forbes","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To scientifically quantify the levels of surface contamination in veterinary practice, by using staff training, good sanitisation and regular unannounced testing, to see if contamination levels can be reduced.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirteen sites were subject to pre-intervention testing, using adenosine triphosphate testing. Eleven sites (where retesting was permitted) were involved in the trial. Training (a 45 minutes staff training session) was provided in 10 sites. A standardised cleaning regime was applied; repeat samples were collected from standardised sites (average of 70 days later). The trial was extended to a third test (on average 128 days from the start) for the five sites geographically closest to the author. Five hundred and eighty-six pre-intervention samples, 462 initial post-intervention samples and 241 second post-intervention samples were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Veterinary practices were found not to be as clean as anticipated. The average level of pre-intervention contamination was 14.7 times the recommended threshold (ranging from 0.6 to 38.5). On retesting at on average of 70 days (n = 10), an average 61.2% reduction in contamination was recorded. The five sites closest to the author were sampled a third time on average of 128 (on average 47.8 swabs) days from the start, achieving a 71.4% reduction from pre-intervention contamination levels.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>As also demonstrated previously by various researchers regular, unannounced hygiene measurements (in this case combined with on-site staff training and changes to sanitisation protocols) can reduce nosocomial infection rates by between 45% and 75%.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"406-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral transmucosal administration of acepromazine to healthy dogs leads to increased sedation scores in a hospital setting.","authors":"M Rollet, D Flaherty, J Bell, A Karas, A Auckburally","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative effects of injectable acepromazine 2 mg/mL when administered to dogs via the oral transmucosal route. The secondary objective was to assess the cardiovascular and haemodynamic effects of oral transmucosal acepromazine.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single centre, prospective, randomised, blinded, controlled clinical trial, including a total of 28 client-owned adult healthy dogs (ASA I and II), undergoing elective surgical procedures. Patients were randomised into either a treatment group (A) receiving oral transmucosal acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg or a control group (C) receiving an equivalent oral transmucosal volume of water. Baseline values of sedation score, heart rate and non-invasive blood pressure were obtained prior to dose administration and repeated 1 hour later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sedation scores in group A were significantly higher after treatment compared to baseline and were significantly higher than group C at the same time point. Heart rate and non-invasive blood pressure values significantly decreased following oral transmucosal acepromazine administration in group A and were significantly lower than group C at the same time point.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Oral transmucosal acepromazine significantly increases sedation scores and decreases heart rate and non-invasive blood pressure 1 hour following administration. These findings support the administration of oral transmucosal acepromazine for pre-hospital sedation in healthy dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"455-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal pericarditis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a dog.","authors":"A De Vlugt, J Kavanagh, D Barker","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-year-old, male, entire, crossbreed dog presented with a history of acute abdominal distension. Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and diffuse nodular changes to the epicardial surface was noted on echocardiography. Cytology of the pericardial effusion was consistent with neutrophilic inflammation with no evidence of neoplastic cells or bacteria. Therefore, a pericardiectomy was elected for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Marked fibrous and fibrinous adhesions were noted between the parietal layer of the serous pericardium and the epicardium. Histological examination [including Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) stain] identified numerous fungal hyphae compatible with fungal pericarditis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Systemic aspergillosis has been previously reported in dogs; however, a primary fungal pericarditis has not been described in the available veterinary literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"476-480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified house-inverted-triangle blepharoplasty for eyelid reconstruction in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 18 cases (2018-2025).","authors":"L Zuzzi-Krebitz, L Schweitzer, B K Braus","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical outcome of a modified house-inverted triangle technique for eyelid reconstruction following tumour resection or eyelid agenesis/defect in 12 dogs and six cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A review of medical records of dogs and cats undergoing a modified house-inverted-triangle blepharoplasty, from 2018 to 2025, was undertaken. The procedure, with or without an additional sliding flap, was used for defect closure. The decision to incorporate a sliding flap depended on the defect size and the need for additional tissue to ensure a tension-free closure. Clinical outcomes were assessed on a scale from 1 to 3 - grade 1: no trichiasis, no discharge, excellent cosmesis; grade 2: mild trichiasis, mild discharge, good cosmesis; grade 3: moderate trichiasis, severe discharge, unsatisfying cosmesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen cases (11 dogs, 4 cats) presented with eyelid neoplasia measuring 5 to 18 mm (9 malignant and 6 benign tumours) and one dog and two cats with a post-traumatic eyelid defect and eyelid agenesis, respectively. Following mass removal or wound debridement, the average eyelid defect measured 14.7 mm (range: 9 to 35 mm). The Burow's triangle had an average size of 7.3 mm and was routinely smaller than the initial defect. At the final examination (median 38 days, range: 9 to 923 days), 12 cases (67%) were categorised as grade 1, six cases (33%) as grade 2 and none as grade 3.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The modified house-inverted-triangle blepharoplasty is a versatile and effective technique for eyelid reconstruction, even in large or complex defects involving the medial canthus. Overall cosmetic and functional outcomes were good - excellent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"439-447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) 2025 guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs and cats.","authors":"F Allerton, T M Sørensen, K Scahill, J E Ruperez, F Swinbourne, D R Verwilghen, M C Nolff, F Foroutan, S J Baines, A Vilen, L Pelligand, E M Broens, P L Toutain, M L Brennan, T Mooney, S Clarke, J E Miles, J L Granick, Y Winsborg, L R Jessen, J S Weese","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis involves the administration of antimicrobials to reduce the risk of a surgical site infection and represents a significant proportion of all antimicrobial use in cats and dogs. This evidence-based, European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy guideline provides recommendations for both peri- and post-operative surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis for a wide range of soft tissue and orthopaedic procedures performed in dogs and cats. A multidisciplinary panel developed the recommendations while adhering to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. The opinions of veterinary practitioners were incorporated to ensure applicability. Ten strong recommendations against, three conditional recommendations against and five conditional recommendations for the use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis were drafted by the panel. Strong recommendations against surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis were often informed by low- to very low-certainty evidence that treatment has no beneficial effect. However, the anticipated harmful effects of antimicrobial use are well established and offer an important counterbalance to unsubstantiated use. Conditional recommendations were made when there was a probable balance of effects in one direction, although appreciable uncertainty was present. The European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy guidelines initiative encourages national or regional guideline makers to use the evidence presented in this document and the supporting systematic review to draft national or local guidance documents that support rational surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"383-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}