Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and tolerability of the American Heartworm Society therapeutic protocol in dogs affected by heartworm disease without caval syndrome","authors":"G. Romito,&nbsp;E. Pane,&nbsp;C. Guglielmini,&nbsp;H. Poser,&nbsp;C. Valente,&nbsp;P. Paradies,&nbsp;P. Castagna,&nbsp;C. Mazzoldi,&nbsp;M. Cipone","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13677","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13677","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The American Heartworm Society medical protocol represents the current standard of therapy for canine heartworm disease without caval syndrome. However, data on the tolerability of this protocol are limited. This study aimed to describe efficacy and prevalence of possible treatment-related side effects in dogs with heartworm disease treated using the American Heartworm Society protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this retrospective multi-centre cohort study, dogs diagnosed with classes 1 to 3 heartworm disease that completed the American Heartworm Society medical protocol were searched in four medical databases. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and outcome data, including the number and type of possible treatment-related side effects, were retrieved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-five dogs were included. The median age and bodyweight were 6 years (1 to 13 years) and 17.3 kg (4.9 to 50 kg), respectively. Heartworm disease was classified as classes 1, 2 and 3 in 20 of 35, 11 of 35 and four of 35 dogs, respectively. In addition to the therapeutic recommendations of the American Heartworm Society, eight of 35 dogs underwent sedation to favour melarsomine administration, and 30 of 35 received ice at the injection site. After adulticide therapy, all dogs were hospitalised with cage rest [median time 12 hours (6 to 48 hours)]. All dogs survived the treatment. All dogs with long-term follow-up (32/35) became negative. Furthermore, treatment-related side effects were rare, mild and rapidly recovered without the need for supporting therapies; these included depression/lethargy (4/35 dogs), cough (2/35 dogs) and lameness, pain and gastrointestinal signs (1/35 dog each).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The American Heartworm Society medical protocol is efficient and safe in dogs with classes 1 to 3 heartworm disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54229739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective comparison of a sit to stand test to the walk test for the identification of unilateral lameness caused by cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs","authors":"A. Triviño,&nbsp;C. Davidson,&nbsp;D. N. Clements,&nbsp;J. M. Ryan","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13679","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13679","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate a sit to stand test with the walk test for the identification of unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peak vertical force and vertical impulse were measured on a pressure-sensitive walkway, during a sit to stand test and walk test, and in 10 dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture and 18 non-lame dogs. Data collected were used to calculate symmetry indices (SI) of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimbs (HL), diagonal limb pairs (DLP) and ipsilateral limb pairs (ILP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The symmetry indices of peak vertical force of HL during the walk test and sit to stand test were 100% and 90% sensitive for discriminating lame and non-lame dogs respectively. The symmetry indices of vertical impulse of HLs during the walk test and sit to stand test were 100% and 50% sensitive for discriminating lame and non-lame dogs respectively. Analysis of ipsilateral and diagonal limb pairs did not improve the discrimination in either test. The time taken to collect data from the sit to stand test data was shorter than for the walk test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whilst the sit to stand test required a shorter time for collection of data than the walk test, it did not accurately identify all dogs with lameness associated with CCLR, and thus has relatively limited clinical utility in its tested form.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava in a dog","authors":"A. Masuyama,&nbsp;A. Sato,&nbsp;M. Murakami","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13686","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A whole-body CT scan and CT myelography were performed on a 13-year-old male neutered Pug with gait abnormality and a history of cough that had been medically managed. The CT scan revealed multiple sites of intervertebral disc disease and incidentally revealed an abnormally distended azygos vein with absent pre-hepatic caudal vena cava (CVC). The pre-renal segment of the CVC was duplicated with both common iliac veins joining to each duplicated CVC, and then cranially connected to the azygos vein (cavo-right-azygos shunt) (Fig 1A, B). Both renal veins connected and then joining to a cranially coursing tortuous shunting vessel connecting to the azygos vein in the thoracic cavity (Fig 1A, B, D). Thus, the renal veins were not directly connected to the pre-renal segment of CVC in the abdomen. The hepatic and post-hepatic segments of the CVC were present as normal. Segmental aplasia of the CVC with azygos continuation is a congenital anomaly characterised by the CVC uniting the azygos vein with partial absence of the CVC. In this case, concurrent partial duplication of the CVC was present. The duplicated pre-renal segment of CVC course dorsal to the aorta and cranially continued to the azygos vein. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the atypical azygos continuation of the CVC with concurrent segmental aplasia of the pre-hepatic CVC has not been reported. Although concomitant portosystemic shunting is common in azygos continuation of the CVC, there was no evidence of portosystemic shunting in the present case. This dog had no clinical signs related to this anomaly; therefore, it was considered incidental, similar to most cases of azygos continuation of the CVC.</p><p>The work described in this manuscript involved the use of a non-experimental (owned) animal. Established internationally recognised high standards (‘best practice’) of veterinary clinical care for the individual patient were always followed. Ethical approval from a committee was therefore not specifically required for publication in Images in Small Animal Practice in Journal of Small Animal Practice. Although not required, ethical approval was still obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous shunt vessel embolisation with Amplatzer vascular plugs II and IV in the treatment of dogs with splenophrenic shunts: four cases (2019-2022)","authors":"Y. Kawamura,&nbsp;H. Itou,&nbsp;A. Kida,&nbsp;H. Sunakawa,&nbsp;M. Suzuki,&nbsp;K. Kawamura","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13660","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the treatment of four dogs with splenophrenic shunts using percutaneous shunting vessel embolisation with Amplatzer vascular plugs II and IV and provide information on their clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with splenophrenic shunts treated at a veterinary hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were identified through a medical record search.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six dogs with splenophrenic shunts were identified. Two dogs were excluded because they were treated with laparoscopic surgery. Four underwent percutaneous shunting vessel embolization with Amplatzer vascular plugs and were included in the case series. A sheath was placed in the left external jugular vein and a balloon catheter was advanced to the shunting vessel under fluoroscopy. Portal vein pressure was confirmed to be within an acceptable range during temporary balloon occlusion. Based on preoperative CT angiography and intraoperative contrast examination, Amplatzer vascular plugs II were selected for two dogs and IV were selected for two dogs. Under fluoroscopy, the plug was deployed into the shunting vessel, and angiography confirmed occlusion. In all cases, the increase in portal pressure after temporary occlusion was within the acceptable range, and complete occlusion of blood flow was possible with a single plug. There were no major procedure-related complications. No dogs developed post-ligation seizures or signs of portal hypertension. In addition, improvements in ammonia values were observed in all cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Percutaneous splenophrenic shunt embolisation using Amplatzer vascular plugs II and IV is technically feasible in dogs, and assessed by intra-procedure angiography, a single plug completely obstructed blood flow in all dogs. Based on the literature search, this is the first report describing Amplatzer vascular plugs for the treatment of splenophrenic shunts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41203955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2023 World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA)","authors":"P. V. Steagall,&nbsp;L. Pelligand,&nbsp;S. Page,&nbsp;J. L. Granick,&nbsp;F. Allerton,&nbsp;P. M. Bęczkowski,&nbsp;J. S. Weese,&nbsp;A. K. Hrček,&nbsp;F. Queiroga,&nbsp;L. Guardabassi","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13673","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13673","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The second version of the list of essential medicines is presented by members of the WSAVA Therapeutic Guidelines Group (TGG) following extensive internal and external peer-review. Internal peer-review was provided by TGG members in 2023, whereas external peer-review was performed by board-certified individuals and other WSAVA working groups. Additionally, there was a 3-month audit (January to March 2023) allowing any individual including WSAVA member affiliates to provide comments, suggestions and overall feedback. Any comment received was carefully considered by the TGG taking into consideration the definitions of core and complementary medicine. The updated (version 2) list is a product of several rounds of revision and based on expert consensus.</p><p>This list of essential medicines should allow veterinarians to provide proper preventive care and treatment of the most frequent and important diseases in dogs and cats while maintaining appropriate animal welfare standards. The purpose of the list is to improve and facilitate regulatory oversight for ensuring appropriate medicines availability, drug quality, use and pharmacovigilance, while mitigating the growing black/counterfeit market of pharmaceutical products. The list of essential medicines is not intended to define what medicines should be always available within the clinic/hospital nor a drug compendium; rather that veterinarians should have ready access to these (medicines) if required for the prevention and treatment of specific diseases and conditions. Additionally, the committee understands that there is no “one-size fits all” and that there may be specific medicines used for endemic/epidemic diseases in some countries that the list does not cover. For example, the essential antimicrobials were defined as those medicines that are recommended as first line agents for treatment of at least one common disease condition but also taking into consideration the issue of antimicrobial resistance.</p><p>Essential medicines are those that satisfy the primary health care and welfare needs of cats and dogs.</p><p>The definitions of essential medicines are based on a similar list of essential medicines in human medicine by the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/). However, our current approach does not involve, <i>e.g</i>. extensive systematic reviews and meta-analysis to demonstrate evidence-based information for each medicine as this may not be always achievable in veterinary medicine. Medicines presented in the list may or may not be approved and/or licensed for use in veterinary medicine, which may vary from country to country. From a regulatory standpoint, the list should be adapted in accordance with specific regional or national needs and conditions. The presence of a medicine in the essential medicines list carries no assurance as to the pharmaceutical quality of products containing that medicine. It is the responsibility of the","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in urolith composition and factors associated with different urolith types in dogs from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland between 2010 and 2020","authors":"E. M. Stavroulaki,&nbsp;C. Ortega,&nbsp;A. Lawlor,&nbsp;J. Lulich,&nbsp;B. Cuq","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13676","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13676","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to determine changes in urolith trends and factors associated with different urolith types in dogs from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland between 2010 and 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A laboratory database was searched for canine urolith submissions between 2010 and 2020. Trends in urolith composition between 2014 and 2020, and associations between patient characteristics with each urolith type were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1162 submissions were included. Struvite (39.0%), calcium oxalate (27.8%) and compound (10.2%) were the most prevalent uroliths. Calcium oxalate urolith (CaOx) incidence significantly increased from 27.8% to 31.2% and that of struvite significantly decreased from 41.7% to 33.0% between 2014 and 2020. Struvite uroliths were overrepresented among females compared to males (odds ratio 8.7, 95% confidence interval 6.6 to 11.5). Males (odds ratio 9.6, 95% confidence interval 6.9 to 13.3) and dogs &gt;7 years of age (odds ratio 4.1, 95%, confidence interval 3.0 to 5.4) were more likely to have CaOx while males (odds ratio 9.6, 95% confidence interval 5.3 to 17.8) and dogs ≤7 year of age, purine uroliths (odds ratio 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 5.0). Incidence was higher in bichon frise (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.4) and Yorkshire terrier (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 4.1) for CaOx and higher in shih-tzu for compound uroliths (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.7) compared to the remaining reported breeds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Factors associated with different uroliths were similar to the ones previously reported. Proportion of CaOx submissions increased and that of struvite decreased over the study period which was in agreement with the changes identified in other European countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors and outcome in cats with thymic epithelial tumours: 64 cases (1999-2021)","authors":"T. A. Marks,&nbsp;M. Rossanese,&nbsp;A. D. Yale,&nbsp;S. Stewart,&nbsp;K. Smallwood,&nbsp;K. Rigas,&nbsp;A. Guillén","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13675","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13675","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of cats diagnosed with thymic epithelial tumours and to determine prognostic factors for survival and recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical records of cats diagnosed with a thymic epithelial tumour between 1999 and 2021 at three referral institutions were retrospectively reviewed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-four cats were included. Paraneoplastic syndromes were present in nine cats and metastatic disease was seen in two cats, one at diagnosis and one at the time of recurrence. Median tumour diameter was 6 cm (range, 2 to 15) and a cystic appearance was described on imaging in 25 cats. Surgical excision was attempted in 54 cats with a perioperative mortality rate of 11%.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median survival time for cats surviving to hospital discharge was 897 days (range, 21 to 3322). The 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates for surgically treated thymic epithelial tumour were 86%, 70% and 66%, respectively. Survival was longer for cats with Masaoka-Koga stage I and II tumours compared to stages III and IV (1366 days <i>versus</i> 454 days; P=0.002). Masaoka-Koga stage was the only significant prognostic factor detected on multi-variable analysis, with stage III and IV tumours associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 5.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 24.91<i>,</i> P=.021). Tumour recurrence occurred in 11 cats at a median of 564 days (range, 93 to 1095); no significant prognostic factors for recurrence were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with thymic epithelial tumours had a good long-term prognosis following surgery. Tumour recurrence can occur late in the disease course and ongoing monitoring should therefore be considered. Masaoka-Koga stage may influence survival time and could be used to predict outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41129007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current evidence for non-pharmaceutical, non-surgical treatments of canine osteoarthritis","authors":"C. Pye,&nbsp;N. Clark,&nbsp;N. Bruniges,&nbsp;M. Peffers,&nbsp;E. Comerford","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13670","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative disease process that affects a significant proportion of the canine population, impacting these animals' quality of life. Currently, there is no cure and treatment consists of managing the clinical signs of pain and reduced mobility. There are many treatments for canine osteoarthritis and in this review we discuss the evidence base behind non-pharmaceutical, non-surgical treatments of this disease. These treatments include weight management, nutraceuticals, acupuncture, physiotherapies such as therapeutic exercise, hydrotherapy as well as other therapeutic modalities including photobiomodulation therapy, electromagnetic field therapy and others.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between body mass and hypotension in dogs under general anaesthesia","authors":"L. Miller,&nbsp;J. C. Duncan,&nbsp;I. G. Handel,&nbsp;D. J. Shaw,&nbsp;H. E. McKenzie,&nbsp;S. N. Greenhalgh","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13671","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13671","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the association between body mass and hypotension during general anaesthesia in dogs undergoing surgical and diagnostic procedures within a referral hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective evaluation of the anaesthetic records of 1789 dogs was performed. Data on signalment, anaesthetic protocol and physiological variables, including mean arterial pressure, were collected. A multivariable generalised linear model was used to identify associations between explanatory variables, including body mass, and hypotension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the population studied, increasing body mass (per 10 kg) was significantly associated with decreasing odds of hypotension (odds ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.77). Additional variables associated with a decreased odds of hypotension were pre-anaesthetic medication with alpha-2 agonists (odds ratio 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.82) and increased body temperature (per 1°C) during general anaesthesia (odds ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.88). Brachycephaly (odds ratio 1.72; 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.38), ASA physical status classification &gt;3 (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 3.56), undergoing a surgical procedure (<i>versus</i> diagnostic) (odds ratio 1.57; 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.23) and bradycardia (odds ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.80) were independently associated with increased odds of hypotension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs of lower body mass and brachycephalic breeds may be at higher risk of hypotension during general anaesthesia or alternatively represent subpopulations in which accurate blood pressure measurement presents a greater challenge. Monitoring blood pressure accurately in these groups requires particular attention and provisions for treating hypotension should be readily accessible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical diagnosis and outcome of cervicofacial cellulitis in pyrexic rabbits: six cases (2014-2021)","authors":"C. Tournade,&nbsp;A. Dusick,&nbsp;C. Mans","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13672","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13672","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the signalment, history, exam findings, diagnostics, treatment and outcome of rabbits diagnosed with pyrexia and concurrent cervicofacial cellulitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective evaluation of medical records of rabbits diagnosed with cervicofacial cellulitis and pyrexia based on physical exam, contrast-enhanced CT, clinicopathology and microbiology findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six out of 1588 rabbits met the study inclusion criteria. Rabbits presented with a median age of 6 years (range, 8 months to 8 years) with a presenting complaint of anorexia or hyporexia. All rabbits had a rectal temperature &gt;40.2°C (104.4°F). Physical exam and contrast-enhanced CT revealed unilateral submandibular and ipsilateral cervical diffuse soft tissue swelling in five of six rabbits. No antemortem evidence of periodontal or dental disease was found on physical exam or CT. Leucopenia was present in five of six rabbits. A left shift with marked toxic changes was present in all four rabbits, for which blood smears were reviewed. Bacterial cultures of the aspirated subcutaneous soft tissue swelling cultured <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>, <i>Granulicatella adiacens</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> species, <i>Haemophilus</i> species and <i>Bacteroides</i> species. Treatment was pursued in five rabbits, where all rabbits received supportive care and four of five rabbits received systemic antibiotics. One rabbit was euthanased following a diagnosis of cervicofacial cellulitis. Three out of five rabbits continued to decline clinically despite medical management, and thus, euthanasia was pursued within 24 hours of starting treatment. Two rabbits responded to initial treatment and developed subsequent multi-focal abscessation. One rabbit was euthanased due to client cost constraints, and one rabbit died shortly after achieving clinical resolution of cervicofacial cellulitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cervicofacial cellulitis should be considered a differential diagnosis in pyrexic rabbits with facial or cervical swelling with medical and surgical management pursued for therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}