Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"MRI findings in a dog with calvarial squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"P. Sebestyén,&nbsp;U. Teubenbacher,&nbsp;G. Rosato,&nbsp;I. Lautenschläger,&nbsp;L. Golini","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 9-year-old spayed female Jack Russell terrier was presented with a history of apathy, anorexia and progressive cranial deformation over several weeks. There was no history of trauma. Clinical examination revealed bilateral exophthalmos and a painful, crepitant, frontotemporal mass. Neurological examination showed mild obtundation and reduced menace response, indicating forebrain involvement. Bloodwork was unremarkable. MRI (Ingenia 3.0T, Philips AG, Zurich, Switzerland) revealed an extensive, polyostotic calvarial lesion with permeative osteolysis and osteoproliferation. The lesion caused severe, bilateral destructive sinorhinopathy, retrobulbar extension with exophthalmos, multifocal masticatory muscle infiltration and dural/meningeal enhancement. On T2-weighted fat-suppressed (T2wSPIR) sequences, it was predominantly hyperintense relative to the masticatory musculature, with multifocal T2-weighted hyperintense areas (Fig 1A). The lesion also displayed a thick, irregular, enhancing rim and multifocal to confluent regions of marked contrast enhancement on T1-weighted sequences after gadolinium-based contrast medium injection (post-contrast T1w, Fig 1B). Differential diagnoses included neoplasia (<i>e.g</i>. carcinoma, multilobular osteochondrosarcoma or soft tissue sarcoma), while inflammatory/infectious aetiologies (<i>e.g</i>. fungal osteomyelitis) were considered less likely. <i>Post mortem</i> examination revealed cranial deformities, exophthalmos and neoplastic infiltration of skull bones, meninges and temporal region, obstructing the caudal nasal cavity (Fig 1C). Histopathology confirmed a highly cellular, infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with high mitotic activity and vascular emboli (Fig 1D). SCC is a malignant epithelial tumour, and diffuse calvarial infiltration with extensive osteolysis and concurrent osteoproliferation, as in this case, is uncommon. This report highlights that SCC should be considered among differentials for polyostotic, osteolytic and osteoproliferative calvarial lesions with similar MRI features in dogs.</p><p><b>P. Sebestyén:</b> Conceptualization; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. <b>Ursula Teubenbacher:</b> Conceptualization; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing; <b>Guiliana Rosato:</b> Conceptualization; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing; <b>Ines Lautenschläger:</b> Conceptualization; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing; <b>Lorenzo Golini:</b> Conceptualization; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing;</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block with contrast-enhanced CT evaluation for extensive oncologic maxillofacial surgery in 7 dogs: a prospective case series","authors":"R. Laffitte,&nbsp;Y. Ruel,&nbsp;G. Giannettoni,&nbsp;L. Zilberstein","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to (1) describe an ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve injection technique in client-owned dogs undergoing extensive oncologic maxillofacial surgery; (2) characterise the distribution of a local anaesthetic–contrast mixture using CT; and (3) confirm the absence of intracranial distribution of the injectate on CT images in clinical patients. A secondary objective was to describe intraoperative nociceptive responses under a multimodal anaesthetic protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective case series included seven client-owned dogs undergoing extensive oncologic maxillofacial surgery at a tertiary referral hospital. Unilateral or bilateral ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve injections were implemented using a temporal approach. A combination of ropivacaine, dexmedetomidine and iohexol (1:15 contrast-to-local anaesthetic ratio) was injected at a total volume of 0.07 mL/kg per injection site. CT imaging was performed 5 to 10 minutes after injection to assess the injectate distribution and its proximity to the orbital fissure, rostral alar foramen and oval foramen. Intraoperative nociceptive responses were monitored by haemodynamic parameters and treated as required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten trigeminal nerve injections were performed (five left-sided, five right-sided; three dogs received bilateral injections). Sonoanatomical landmarks were consistently identified, and CT confirmed adequate injectate distribution within 5 mm of the targeted foramina in 8/10 injections. No intracranial distribution of contrast medium was observed. Intraoperative short-lived rescue analgesia was required in 4/7 dogs, consisting of a single bolus of fentanyl (1 μg/kg iv). No dogs required intraoperative redosing of rescue analgesia. No immediate or delayed adverse effects attributable to the injection technique or contrast administration were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block combined with CT imaging provides detailed, <i>in vivo</i> anatomical information regarding injectate distribution before extensive oncologic maxillofacial surgery in dogs. Within the limitations of this small case series, its incorporation into a multimodal anaesthetic protocol was associated with limited intraoperative nociceptive events and minimal use of additional systemic analgesic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"590-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychogenic polydipsia in dogs – a review of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment","authors":"G. Pavlovsky","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyuria and polydipsia represent a common clinical presentation in dogs and may result from numerous disorders affecting different body systems. Compulsive water consumption is characteristic of psychogenic polydipsia, a primary polydipsia disorder rooted in neurologic, behavioural or environmental factors. While psychogenic polydipsia is relatively common and well described in people, little published information on its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment exists in dogs. Most dogs diagnosed with psychogenic polydipsia are young and systemically healthy, have significant polyuria and polydipsia, often have a nervous or anxious disposition, and may display stereotypical, compulsive or hyperactive behaviours. No specific test diagnoses psychogenic polydipsia definitively, and systematic elimination of other causes of polyuria and polydipsia is required. A multimodal approach to treatment may be most successful, including water restriction, environmental and behavioural modification, and pharmaceutical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"580-589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic focal myositis of the temporalis muscle due to presumptive impingement between the zygomatic arch and coronoid process in two cocker spaniels with restricted mouth opening","authors":"M. Zurita,&nbsp;M. Taylor,&nbsp;B. Moreno-Aguado,&nbsp;J. Marti","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two middle-aged, unrelated cocker spaniels were investigated for apparent jaw pain and slowly progressive restriction of mouth opening, in the absence of previous trauma or jaw-locking episodes. Computed tomographic evaluation was suggestive of a dynamic impingement between the coronoid process of the mandible and the medial surface of the zygomatic arch, trapping the temporalis muscle. Bilateral, single-session, partial resection of the coronoid process and zygomatic arch resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs. This form of impingement should be considered when evaluating cases with a mechanically restricted, painful opening of the mouth.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"653-658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens in canine pyometra","authors":"M. G. M. Camozzi,&nbsp;S. B. Waller,&nbsp;E. C. Castelhano,&nbsp;A. L. S. Neves,&nbsp;B. R. Arrais,&nbsp;J. F. N. Pinto,&nbsp;B. G. Alves,&nbsp;C. N. Moreira","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterise multidrug antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity profiles of bacteria isolated from different anatomical sites in bitches with pyometra, emphasising their clinical relevance for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in small animal practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacteria were obtained from the faeces, urine, uterus and vagina of 23 dogs diagnosed with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were analysed for all identified isolates, together with phylogenetic classification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and detection of virulence factor–encoding genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacterial isolates obtained from faecal, urinary, uterine and vaginal samples showed predominantly positive growth for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Proteus</i> spp. Among these isolates recovered from each anatomical site, multidrug-resistant bacteria – defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials – were identified across all bacterial genera, with frequencies of 37.7% among faecal isolates, 16.7% among urinary isolates, 44.5% among uterine isolates and 100% among vaginal isolates, except for <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. Among dogs positive for <i>Escherichia coli</i> (11/23), phylogroups A/C (30.9%) were the most prevalent, followed by D/E (16.9%), B2 (15.5%), B1 (12.7%), A (12.7%), C (8.5%) and U (2.8%). In 90% (10/11) of cases, <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates recovered from faecal, vaginal and/or uterine samples belonged to the same clonal family, suggesting faecal contamination. Overall, 77.4% of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates of uterine origin were classified as resistant or multidrug-resistant, and 83.9% harboured one or more virulence factor-encoding genes (hlyA, uspA, papC and predominantly fimH). Phylogroup B2 was the only group in which all assessed virulence factors were simultaneously detected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria across all genera isolated in cases of canine pyometra underscores the clinical importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the recovery of genetically related <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from intestinal and reproductive tract samples supports the intestinal microbiota as a relevant source of infection in affected bitches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"627-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral surgery of humeral intracondylar fissures and humeral condylar fractures is associated with increased complication rates","authors":"B. Mala,&nbsp;L. Marrone,&nbsp;M. Basinska,&nbsp;R. Malkani,&nbsp;M. Erwood,&nbsp;T. Easter","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the postoperative complication rates and outcomes of client-owned dogs treated surgically for humeral intracondylar fissures and/or humeral condylar fractures either as unilateral or bilateral simultaneous procedures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hospital records from a single referral centre in the United Kingdom were reviewed retrospectively. Dogs were categorised into the unilateral and bilateral groups and then further subdivided according to the surgical procedure performed. Clinical follow-up and a client evaluation scheme were used to identify complications and assess functional outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of 75 skeletally mature dogs met the inclusion criteria. The overall complication rate was 36.0%. There was a 1.57-fold increase in the complication rate in bilateral humeral intracondylar fissure compared to unilateral humeral intracondylar fissure and a 2.22-fold increase in humeral intracondylar fissure/humeral condylar fracture compared to unilateral humeral condylar fracture. When minor complications were excluded, the complication rate for bilateral surgeries overall was double that of unilateral procedures. Major surgical complications predominated in the bilateral groups, while major medical complications predominated in the unilateral groups. Surgical site infection was 1.68-fold more prevalent in bilateral humeral intracondylar fissure compared to unilateral humeral intracondylar fissure and 4.45-fold more prevalent in bilateral humeral intracondylar fissure/humeral condylar fracture than in unilateral humeral condylar fracture. Unilateral humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture consistently outperformed the bilateral procedures in functional recovery. Across all bilateral groups, no postoperative complications were detected in the prophylactically treated limb.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-stage bilateral surgery is associated with markedly increased complication rates, particularly in bicondylar fractures. Delaying intervention on the prophylactic limb until the onset of clinical signs might be considered due to higher complication rates in single-stage procedures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"643-652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal pedunculated accessory liver lobe in a dog","authors":"G. Bison,&nbsp;T. Banzato,&nbsp;A. Zotti","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 8-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented with dysorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea lasting 10 days. Physical examination, haematology and serum biochemistry were unremarkable except for a mild hypoglycaemia and alkalosis. An abdominal ultrasound revealed no specific gastrointestinal pathological features but an unusual perisplenic parenchymal structure. The mass was clearly separable from the splenic tail, showing a coarser texture than that of the spleen and a mixed echogenicity due to the presence of both hyper- and hypo-echoic areas. A vascular pedicle connecting the left lateral liver lobe to the mass was hypothesised (Fig 1A) and confirmed by colour Doppler ultrasound (Fig 1B). A tentative diagnosis of a degenerated pedunculated accessory liver lobe was made; the CT confirmed both the perisplenic soft tissue structure with attenuation and contrast enhancement similar to that of liver except for a focal hypodense area and the vascular pedicle (Fig 1C). Fine-needle aspirate of the mass was obtained and cytology was consistent with hepatocellular hyperplasia with moderate-to-high degeneration. The gastroenteric symptoms resolution with supportive treatment coupled with the accessory liver lobe hepatocellular degeneration benign nature and the absence of relevant blood analysis abnormalities led to the patient discharge upon owner's decision. Accessory lobes are well differentiated from ectopic liver tissue in the human medical literature and pedunculated accessory lobes are defined as such if a pedicle is present. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a non-complicated abdominal degenerated accessory liver lobe joined to the left lateral hepatic lobe with a vascular pedicle.</p><p>G.B. contributed to data collection (clinical investigation) and writing. T.B. and A.Z. contributed to data collection and writing. G.B. contributed to data collection, writing and revision of the manuscript.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy in 169 stifles: considerations on potential factors associated with construct failures","authors":"J. Winter,&nbsp;C. Banks,&nbsp;G. Jones,&nbsp;R. Meeson","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for construct failure in dogs undergoing unilateral modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy for cranial cruciate ligament disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hospital and radiographic data were collected retrospectively. A sub-group for construct failure analysis was formed consisting of construct failure stifles and weight and plate matched control stifles. The following factors were assessed in relation to construct failure: plate size, plate position, proximal tibial flare, presence of adjunctive fixation and pre-operative and post-operative tibial plateau angle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and sixty-nine stifles were included within the overall data set, within which there was a major complication rate of 12% and a re-operation rate of 8%. There were 10 construct failure stifles and 52 weight and plate matched controls in the construct failure analysis. We found no difference between construct failure and weight and plate matched controls for plate position, proximal tibial flare, presence of adjunctive fixation and pre-operative or post-operative tibial plateau angle. Visual assessment of plate size relative to weight showed that consistently larger plates were used in comparison to those recommended for tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lack of significance in any variable between construct failures and weight and plate matched controls is likely a type II error. Despite this, when planning a cranial closing wedge ostectomy consideration should be given to plate size, plate position, shape of the proximal tibia and the use of adjunctive fixation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"635-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Animal Trauma Triage Score outperforms the VetCOT score in cats with high-rise syndrome.","authors":"A Alemany, A M Girol-Piner, V Herrería-Bustillo","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the prognostic utility of the canine-derived Veterinary Committee on Trauma score in cats suffering from high-rise syndrome and to compare it with the Animal Trauma Triage Score. To date, no trauma score has been developed exclusively from feline-derived data, and existing systems are adaptations or validations of scores originally created for other or mixed species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational study of 60 cats with high-rise syndrome. Recorded variables on admission were age, breed, sex, weight, body condition score, height of fall, clinicopathological variables, Animal Trauma Triage Score and Veterinary Committee on Trauma score. Mortality and length of hospital stay were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses as well as receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the different variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty cats were included. Eight cats (13%) did not survive to discharge. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the Animal Trauma Triage Score predicted mortality significantly better (AUC = 0.85, P < .001, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.95) than the Veterinary Committee on Trauma score (AUC = 0.709, P = .038, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.91). Requirement for vasopressor therapy (P = .008, OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.56), higher height of fall (P < .005, OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.49 to 9.10), serum lactate (P = .013, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25) and the Animal Trauma Triage Score (P = .006, OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.00) were associated with a worse outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>In cats with high-rise syndrome, the Animal Trauma Triage Score demonstrates significantly superior prognostic performance compared with the canine-derived Veterinary Committee on Trauma score. Species-specific physiological differences may influence the applicability of trauma scoring systems in cats, supporting the need for further feline-specific validation of trauma scoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the palatine approach as a novel technique to block the canine maxillary nerve: a comparative cadaveric study","authors":"I. Antonopoulou,&nbsp;M. Fitzmaurice,&nbsp;P. Mannion,&nbsp;D. Bainbridge,&nbsp;C. Adami","doi":"10.1111/jsap.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop a palatine approach to the canine maxillary nerve and compare its feasibility and the spread of dye and contrast medium with that of the infraorbital technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten canine cadaveric heads were used in this study. The maxillary nerve was approached bilaterally by inserting hypodermic needles into either the infraorbital or the palatine foramen on each side. Dye/contrast injections (1:1 solution) were followed by CT and anatomical dissections, performed to isolate the maxillary nerves and measure their stained portions. Procedural failure was defined as a nerve stain &lt;6 mm in length. Descriptive statistics, analysis of proportions and comparison of either means or medians were used for data analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The stained portion of the maxillary nerve was shorter for the palatine technique (0 (0 to 10) mm) than the infraorbital technique (35 (17 to 52) mm) (<i>P</i> = .015). Procedural failure rate was higher for the palatine technique (80%) compared to the infraorbital technique (20%; <i>P</i> = .025). For both techniques, imaging showed contrast spread along the nerve pathway in 70% of injections. Contrast medium contamination of nasal turbinates and nasal passages did not differ between approaches and was observed in 50% of palatine and 30% of infraorbital injections (<i>P</i> = .057).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The novel palatine approach produced a higher procedural failure rate than the infraorbital technique and cannot be recommended as a suitable alternative to existing methods for canine maxillary nerve block.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"599-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}