Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"When assessing representative images of fine-needle aspirate cytological smears of canine mast cell tumours, interobserver agreement is influenced by educational attainment.","authors":"S De Vos, B J G Broeckx, F Cian, M Ploeg, H De Cock, W De Spiegelaere, H de Rooster","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cytology is a common diagnostic tool in veterinary practice, and canine mast cell tumours are presumed to be easy to diagnose. However, the potential influence of the observer's educational attainment on the interobserver agreement when interpreting representative images of cytological smears has not yet been investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 25 observers were equally divided into five groups based on educational attainment (board-certified diplomates of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons specialised in companion animals, board-certified of the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine-Companion animals, general practitioners, interns and final-year veterinary medicine students) and asked to evaluate 36 distinct sets of images from cytological smears, of which 18 originated from canine mast cell tumours and 18 from non-mast cell tumours. No additional training was given. The interobserver agreement and kappa were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For mast cell tumour diagnosis and mast cell presence, eosinophils and lymphocytes, specialists in internal medicine had the highest interobserver agreement, whereas interns or final-year students had the lowest. Differences in interobserver agreement were significant for mast cell tumour diagnosis and the presence of mast cells.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Our results emphasize the importance of training to improve the consistency of classifying cytological smears as mast cell tumours or not.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with paragonimiasis in the dog.","authors":"K Kuroda","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange for the management of acute canine polyradiculoneuritis and reduction of antigen-specific IgG in one dog.","authors":"Z P Greenfield, N M Etedali, D M Cimino, S K Halstead, H J Willison","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis is one of the most common lower motor neuron diseases in dogs. Given similarities to Guillain-Barré syndrome in people, an immune-mediated component has long been suspected. In veterinary medicine, two studies have documented specific antibodies as serum biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, including anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a immunoglobulin G anti-glycolipid antibodies. This case report documents the first use of membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange for the management of acute canine polyradiculoneuritis as well as an overall reduction in anti-GM2 IgG and anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG with subsequent treatments. The clinical recovery in this dog was rapid, with improved motor function within 48 hours of her first treatment and a complete return to normal within 1 month.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsiveness of the neurodisability scale for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs.","authors":"R Gonçalves, T W Maddox, S Phillipps, J C Carrete, F E Anderson, R T Bentley, G Walmsley","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the responsiveness of the neurodisability scale during the treatment of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The neurodisability scale score was determined at initial presentation and then repeated at each reassessment during treatment. At each visit, a subjective clinical evaluation of the response to treatment was also recorded. Responsiveness of the neurodisability scale between timepoints was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics method and correlation analysis. Responsiveness was calculated between the neurodisability scale score at initial assessment and the first re-examination after starting treatment (T₁). It was also calculated between the neurodisability scale score at T₁ and a second reassessment (T₂) where the score had changed either due to relapse or further improvement (if no changes occurred, the last available assessment was used).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight dogs were included. Median time between T₀ and T₁ was 3 weeks, and 35/38 had shown clinical improvement. Median time between T₁ and T₂ was 6 months; 13 dogs were suspected to have clinical relapse. The neurodisability scale demonstrated excellent responsiveness at both timepoints, with area under the curves of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89 to 1) at T₁ and 0.93 (95% CI = 0.85 to 1) at T₂. There was also an excellent negative correlation coefficient produced by the change in score and the dogs' subjective clinical evaluation (T₀ - T₁ Gamma = -0.8 and T₁ - T₂ Gamma = -0.88).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The neurodisability scale is a responsive monitoring tool during meningoencephalitis of unknown origin treatment and relapse. Our results support the utility of the neurodisability scale as a clinician-reported outcome measure for use in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective comparison of fiberoptic endobronchial needle aspiration, bronchial brushing, and forceps biopsy for the diagnoses of canine exophytic tracheal and endobronchial masses, and submucosal infiltrations.","authors":"D De Lorenzi, G Maggi, D Bertoncello, E Bottero, M C Marchesi","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the diagnostic yield of endobronchial Wang™ needle aspiration to that of bronchial brushing and forceps biopsy for canine tracheal and endobronchial masses and submucosal infiltrations examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided bronchial brushing, forceps biopsy, and endobronchial Wang™ needle aspiration were performed consecutively in dogs with exophytic airway masses or submucosal infiltrations. The diagnostic performances of the three techniques were compared to surgical or necropsy histopathology, as the gold standard. We determined the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and 95% confidence interval of each technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one dogs were included. Endobronchial Wang™ needle aspiration accurately identified malignancy in 90.48% of cases, forceps biopsy in 80.95%, and bronchial brushing in 52.38%. Of the 21 cases, agreement in the final morphological tumour type was obtained in 19 (90%), 15 (71%), and 8 (38%) using endobronchial Wang™ needle aspiration, forceps biopsy, and bronchial brushing, respectively. Endobronchial Wang™ needle aspiration had the highest sensitivity and accuracy (94% and 90%, respectively; 95% CI: +0.99/-0.89) when used both alone and in combination with the other techniques.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Endobronchial Wang™ needle aspiration alone or in combination with other techniques may be promising for obtaining the highest diagnostic yield for canine tracheal or bronchial mucosal abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerular ultrastructural change and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in diabetic cats.","authors":"H Reyes-Hughes, E Bird, C Neal, R Noiva, R R Foster, S Satchell, N Finch","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the glomerular ultrastructural changes associated with diabetic nephropathy and quantify glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in cats with diabetes mellitus compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Transmission electron microscopy was performed to evaluate glomerular ultrastructural changes, including glomerular endothelial cell fenestration density and width, glomerular basement membrane width, podocyte foot process width, and podocyte slit width and density in four diabetic and five control cats. Glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression was quantified using immunohistochemistry in eight diabetic and five control cats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glomerular ultrastructural change consistent with diabetic nephropathy, including loss of glomerular endothelial cell fenestrations and thickened glomerular basement membrane, was present in diabetic cats. Furthermore, diabetic cats had increased glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study demonstrates that diabetic nephropathy may develop in diabetic cats, which although representing early subclinical disease, may contribute to decreased glomerular filtering capacity and proteinuria and therefore requires clinical monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful conservative management of urinary tract rupture in dogs and cats: 52 cases (2003-2024).","authors":"C S L Toh, M Rossanese, S D Cook","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the successful conservative management of urinary tract ruptures in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Medical records of a hospital between 2003 and 2024 were reviewed to identify dogs and cats with urinary tract rupture. Cases were included if they were successfully managed conservatively (including only procedures that did not directly address the site of rupture). Data recorded included signalment, cause and location of rupture, method and duration of urinary diversion, outcome and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two cases (40 cats and 12 dogs) were included. The most common causes of rupture were trauma associated with urethral obstruction and catheterisation (18), cystocentesis (17) and external trauma (8). The most common sites of rupture were the urethra (20 cats and five dogs) and urinary bladder (15 cats and four dogs). Bladder ruptures were most commonly managed with urethral catheters and/or peritoneal drains, while urethral ruptures were most commonly managed with urethral catheters and/or cystostomy tubes. The median (range) time to resolution of urine leakage documented on imaging was 3 (1 to 6) days for bladder ruptures and 6.5 (3 to 28) days for urethral ruptures. Radiographic evidence of urethral narrowing was documented in 11/25 cases with urethral tears at a median (range) of 12 (4 to 28) days post-rupture. Urine culture was performed in 22/52 cases with urinary tract ruptures and was positive in 14 cases.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Conservative management can be considered in both iatrogenic and traumatic urinary tract ruptures. The risk of urethral strictures and urinary tract infections should be considered when electing for conservative management of urinary tract ruptures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcomes in sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs in the United Kingdom: 436 cases (2011-2021).","authors":"C D Prior, H Swales, A Kortum, N Reed, M Sharman, D Kelly, A Kent, B Glanemann, K Clarke, C Lea, E Roberts, N Bommer, L Rutherford, A Tamborini, K Murphy, D J Batchelor, S Calleja, R Burrow, P M Jamieson, C Piazza, M Best, I Calvo Saiz, I Elgueta, S J Fowlie, C Shales, C Gil Morales, E Lopez, S Borgonovi, M Keane, J Kennils, E Izaguirre, M Hernandez-Perello, N Lau, A Paul, A Ridyard, E Shelton, A Farges, G Specchia, L Espada, S Spence, A Hrovat, N Van den Steen, S Tappin, T H Sparks, F Allerton","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A variety of treatment options for sinonasal aspergillosis have been described, encompassing non-invasive and invasive approaches. To describe the clinical outcomes in dogs treated for sinonasal aspergillosis in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A multi-centre retrospective survey was performed involving 23 referral centres in the United Kingdom from January 2011 to December 2021. Cases were reviewed for first treatment success rates, the number of treatments required and overall clinical remission rates. Different treatment approaches were compared, including rhinoscopic debridement (RD), trephination (TR) and sinusotomy/rhinotomy (SR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a cohort of 436 dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis, the most common first treatment modalities were RD (38%) and TR (32%), with SR used in 7% and oral antifungal monotherapy in 3%. The remaining 20% used a mixture of treatments. First treatment remission rate was 55% with SR, 38% with RD, 29% with TR and 31% with the mixed treatment. Overall remission rate was 67% with SR, 81% with RD and 69% with TR and 59% where different treatments were combined. Oral antifungal monotherapy had no successful outcomes at any time point. Complete debridement significantly improved remission rates of first treatments (54% vs. 21%, P = 0.003). Adverse effects were reported in 24% of cases, most commonly in SR and TR groups.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Rhinoscopic debridement and trephination remain the predominant treatment options for SNA in UK referral practices, with similar overall clinical remission rates. The degree of debridement significantly influences treatment outcomes, with rhinoscopic debridement in combination with topical antifungals showing the highest success rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with long-term function in cats treated with femoral head and neck excision.","authors":"L Norberg, C McGowan, A Essner","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess long-term function in cats following femoral head and neck excision and to investigate if age, weight, sex, breed, outdoor access, multiple injuries, bilateral surgery, complications or physiotherapeutic treatment is associated with long-term function.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cats treated with femoral head and neck excision without any postoperative major injury or disease were included in a case-control study. An owner-completed Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index was used to assess function ≥6 months after surgery. Cats with a score of ≥3 were categorized as having functional impairment (cases). Cats with a score of <3 were categorized as having normal function (controls). Cats' medical records were used to collect information about characteristics, postoperative care and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five cats which had undergone uni- or bilateral femoral head and neck excision met the inclusion criteria. Scores ranged from -14 to 11 (median 0, interquartile range 3), 23 (66%) of the cats had normal function and 12 (34%) of the cats had impaired function. Owners of 34 cats (97%) reported good or excellent quality of life. There was an association between being female and a score of ≥3 (odds ratio 24.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 512.6). No other factors were significantly associated with long-term function.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>At long-term follow-up, owner-reported quality of life was high. However, 34% of cats had functional impairment and female cats had higher odds of impaired function. This suggests that solely owner-reported quality of life should not be used to assess outcomes after femoral head and neck excision.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilisation of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and luxations in cats with a polyaxial screw/rod system.","authors":"M N Çetin, Y S Şirin","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and neurological data on the stabilisation of thoracolumbar region fractures or luxations in cats with the polyaxial screw rod system.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 16 cats with thoracic and/or lumbar fractures, luxations and/or instability. Data recorded for each patient included history, cause of vertebral fractures and dislocations, concurrent injury, time to surgery, neurologic examination and neurologic grading preoperatively and postoperatively (postoperatively, week 1, week 3 and month 6), surgical treatment, preoperative x-ray and postoperative computed tomography imaging findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The region with the most localized lesions was T3-L3 in ten cases and L4-L7 in six cases. Polyaxial screws were placed unilaterally in 13 cases and bilaterally in three cases. A total of 50 polyaxial screws were placed in all cases. Of these, 44 polyaxial screws were placed optimally, four polyaxial screws were breached (screw diameter breach <2 mm) and two screws were broken. Broken screws did not require any revisions. Although 11 of the cases showed improvement in terms of neurological grading, no improvement was observed in five cases. The clinical outcome was excellent in four cases, functional in six cases and poor in six cases.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The polyaxial screw rod system described here is a potential option for stabilization of thoracolumbar vertebrae in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}