Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"Coagulation status of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs.","authors":"L A F Packham, V Black","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the coagulation status of dogs with immune-mediated polyarthritis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Hospital records at a single referral centre were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with immune-mediated polyarthritis. Cases were classified as hypercoagulable, normocoagulable, hypocoagulable, or hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable according to the results of viscoelastic testing performed at the time of diagnosis. Other data including signalment, body weight, age at diagnosis, haematological and biochemical laboratory findings, number of joints sampled and synovial fluid analysis, and short-term outcome were recorded. Breed predisposition was defined through comparison to the hospital population and odds ratio calculation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight dogs were included with a median age of diagnosis of 4 years (range 9 months to 10 years). One dog (2.6%) was classified as hypercoagulable, 32 (84.2%) were classified as normocoagulable, four (10.5%) were classified as hypocoagulable and one dog (2.6%) had changes associated with both hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>In contrast to other systemic inflammatory disorders, immune-mediated polyarthritis was not commonly associated with either hypo- or hypercoagulability in this cohort of dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical value of amylase and its prognostic accuracy in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).","authors":"A R Souza, S M Ozawa, M J Sadar, M D Gleeson, R James, S Chen, N Di Girolamo","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To retrospectively evaluate plasma amylase concentrations in client-owned guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and determine a possible association with mortality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Medical records of guinea pigs that had a biochemistry panel from four institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Guinea pigs were excluded from the study if plasma amylase concentrations were not measured or there was no follow-up 30 days after the initial biochemistry panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred seventy-eight guinea pigs were included. Odds of mortality were not linearly associated with increasing amylase concentrations, but higher mortality was seen with markedly elevated plasma amylase (1910 to 3985 U/L; 65.2% death). After multivariable adjustment, guinea pigs with markedly elevated plasma amylase concentrations were seven times more likely to die within 30 days compared to those with a concentration within the reference interval (1339 to 1573 U/L) (aOR: 7.98; adj. 95% CI: 3.29 to 19.35). In addition, BUN concentration higher than 62 mg/dL had a 29.97 times greater odds of 30-day mortality than those with a BUN concentration lower than 62 mg/dL (aOR: 29.97, adj. 95% CI: 3.78 to 237.65). The AUC of the ROC curve of amylase concentrations to predict 30-day mortality was 72.7% (95% CI: 65% to 79.9%).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>While the exact pathophysiology of changes in plasma amylase concentrations in guinea pigs is unknown, this enzyme has clinical significance, considering that markedly elevated plasma amylase concentrations were associated with a higher risk of mortality. The actual prognostic capacity of the enzyme alone is limited and should be evaluated as part of a full clinical picture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High concordance of blood glucose measurement in dogs between a beta prototype glucometer device and a reference laboratory standard in a clinical setting.","authors":"K Palladino, S Velineni, S Meyer, A Rhodes, S D Stewart","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to confirm the accuracy of a new portable beta prototype glucometer device for monitoring blood glucose levels in dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and three client-owned dogs with dysglycemia or normoglycemia were enrolled. A 3 mL whole blood sample was collected from a peripheral vein from each dog and divided into four aliquots. Blood glucose was measured from three of the aliquots on the beta prototype glucometer in triplicate. The remaining aliquot was used to measure packed cell volume, total solids, and blood glucose via a reference laboratory chemistry analyzer. Accuracy was assessed in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytical performance of the beta prototype met the International Organization for Standardization accuracy requirements, with 95.1% of measurements falling within the International Organization for Standardization accuracy threshold as well as 100% of measurements being within zones A and B of the consensus error grid. Within the full range of glucose concentrations (20 to 750 mg/dL) the mean difference between the AT3 and reference lab analyzer was 2.53 mg/dL (95% limit of agreement: -45.27 to 50.34).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The beta prototype glucometer device had a strong correlation with the reference laboratory standard and can be used confidently in clinical patients for the accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral nerve blocks of the dorsal cranium in cats undergoing craniotomy: seven cases (2022-2023).","authors":"A Cabral Naranjo, M W McMillan, K S Lehnus","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Locoregional anaesthesia of the dorsal cranium (scalp blocks) are used for craniotomy in people. The technique is described in dogs and appears efficacious. The aim was to describe its application in cats undergoing craniotomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All cats presenting to two referral centres between January 2022 and December 2023 for craniotomy, which received a scalp block, were considered for inclusion in this retrospective study. Cases were excluded if full peri-operative records were missing. Details of all anaesthetic and analgesic agents administered, the locoregional blocks performed, physiological responses to specific surgical time points and intraoperative complications were taken from anaesthetic records. Post-operative management, complications and pain assessments were taken from treatment sheets and electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Records of seven cats that underwent craniotomy and received a scalp block were identified. Surgery was for the removal of intracranial meningioma in all cats. Scalp blocks were performed using anatomical landmarks based on the technique described in dogs using a mixture of bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine. All scalp blocks were performed within 5 minutes. One cat received no intra-operative analgesia beyond the scalp block. The other cats received methadone between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg. The time from recovery until the first dose of post-operative pain relief ranged from 435 to 1440 minutes, with one cat receiving no post-operative opioids at all.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Scalp blocks appear a simple and potentially highly effective locoregional anaesthetic technique in cats undergoing craniotomy. Analgesia provided by the block appeared to last well into the post-operative period and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toceranib phosphate for the treatment of dogs with high-risk adrenal gland tumours: 16 cases (2019-2023).","authors":"C Chalfon, L Marconato, S Galac, A M Tardo, M Zandvliet, F Fracassi, F Del Baldo, G Ghisoni, L Pisoni, R Finotello","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this study were to evaluate the response rate, time to progression (TTP) and survival times of dogs with high-risk adrenal gland tumours (ATs) treated with toceranib phosphate, in both macroscopic and microscopic setting, and to report the adverse event (AE) profiles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Medical records of dogs diagnosed with a high-risk adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) or phaeochromocytoma (PCC), treated with toceranib, were retrospectively reviewed. High-risk ATs were defined as inoperable and/or metastatic ATs or cortical tumours with high Utrecht score. Endpoints were response rate, TTP and overall progression-free survival time (PFST). Adverse events were reported according to VCOG-CTCAE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen dogs were included: 10 diagnosed with PCC and six with ACC. All dogs with ACC received adjuvant toceranib due to a high Utrecht score or metastatic disease, while all dogs with PCC were treated with toceranib in the macroscopic setting. A clinical benefit was detected in 80% of dogs with PCC: four achieved stable disease for a median TTP of 176.5 days, and two achieved partial response for 182 and >100 days, respectively. Median PFST for dogs with PCC was 112 days. Among dogs with ACC, 3 (50%) progressed and were euthanized after 237, 364 and 273 days; the remaining 3 (50%) dogs were alive and disease free 382, 508 and 583 days after starting toceranib. Overall, toceranib was well-tolerated.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Toceranib may offer clinical benefit and improve outcome in dogs with high-risk ATs in both the macroscopic and microscopic disease setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercoagulability identified in dogs with chronic enteropathy using a point-of-care viscoelastic assay.","authors":"S I Barth, S M DeMonaco, B J Conner, A R Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Thromboelastography (TEG) using the TEG 6s, a point-of-care viscoelastic assay, was prospectively evaluated in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). Additionally, the study determined whether disease activity, assessed using the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI), correlated with TEG 6s parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A CCECAI score and TEG using the TEG 6s (Haemonetics®) was performed on 19 dogs with CE. In a separate study, TEG using the TEG 6s was performed on 40 healthy adult dogs, which served as the control group. For statistical analysis, normally distributed data were analysed using the two-sample t-test. Non-Gaussian data were analysed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Correlations between TEG 6s parameters and the CCECAI scores were assessed using the Pearson test for data with Gaussian distribution and the Spearman test for data with non-Gaussian distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dogs with CE had significantly shortened mean clot kinetics, prolonged mean reaction time (R) and increased alpha angle (angle), maximum amplitude (MA) and RapidTEG™ MA compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with CE had a significant median increase in Functional Fibrinogen MA compared to healthy dogs. The CCECAI moderately positively correlated with angle.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>With the exception of prolonged R, dogs with CE have several TEG 6s alterations suggestive of hypercoagulability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of viscoelastic coagulation parameters, blood loss and surgical time between asymptomatic heartworm antigen-positive and negative dogs presented for elective gonadectomy.","authors":"B K Newmans, J M Fudge, R Clarkin-Breslin, D C Silverstein, G G Verocai","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to evaluate viscoelastic profiles in heartworm antigen-positive versus antigen-negative dogs using a point-of-care viscoelastic device. A secondary objective was to compare intraoperative bleeding and surgical duration between these same groups.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Dogs presented for elective surgical gonadectomy were screened for the presence of heartworm antigen using a commercial antigen detection test. Viscoelastic testing was performed in equal numbers of asymptomatic heartworm antigen-positive and -negative dogs. Viscoelastic data recorded included Clot Time, Clot Formation Time, α-angle, Maximum Clot Formation, Amplitude at 10 minutes (A10), Amplitude at 20 minutes (A20), Lysis Index at 30 minutes (LI30) and Lysis Index at 45 minutes (LI45). Other data included intraoperative blood loss via the gravimetric technique and surgical time (incision to closure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 60 dogs (30 heartworm antigen-negative and 30 heartworm antigen-positive) were enrolled in the study. There were no significant differences between Clot Time, Clot Formation Time, α-angle, LI30 and LI45 between heartworm antigen-positive and -negative dogs; however, Maximum Clot Formation, A10 and A20 were higher in heartworm antigen-positive dogs. All viscoelastic results were within previously published normal reference ranges. No significant differences in surgical gonadectomy duration or intraoperative blood loss were observed between groups for male or female dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Apparently healthy heartworm antigen-positive dogs were relatively hypercoagulable as defined by viscoelastic testing compared to heartworm antigen-negative dogs. There was no apparent additional risk of bleeding in dogs with subclinical heartworm infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensioning diaphragmoplasty for treating bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis in a dog.","authors":"S Matsumoto, K Hosoya, S Kim, M Okumura","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A spayed female Miniature dachshund presented with a large mediastinal mass. During thymectomy, the left phrenic nerve, which was encircled by the neoplastic tissue, was resected en bloc with the tumour and the right phrenic nerve was damaged by thermal coagulation from electrosurgery. Postoperatively, the dog exhibited significant respiratory distress and paradoxical respiratory movement. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was confirmed on inspiratory radiographs, and lack of structural abnormalities on thoracic computed tomography was noted. The dog collapsed 5 days postoperatively from respiratory fatigue. Thus, salvage surgery and tensioning diaphragmoplasty were performed. Briefly, The diaphragm was partially resected, primarily closed and reinforced with a polypropylene mesh sutured on the abdominal surface. Thereafter, the dog's condition improved significantly. The dog did not present with respiratory issues until she died of urothelial carcinoma on day 375. In conclusion, this surgical technique can be considered to re-establish the function of the diaphragm.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and fluoroscopic balloon dilation of nasopharyngeal stenosis concurrent to chronic displacement of the epiglottis in a pet rabbit.","authors":"I Khelik, N Di Girolamo","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-year-old, male neutered rabbit presented for chronic, antibiotics non-responsive upper respiratory disease. Computed tomography revealed sinusitis and nasopharyngeal stenosis resulting in upper airway obstruction. Deep nasal culture grew Pasteurella multocida. Airway fluoroscopy, performed with the rabbit conscious in a standing position, confirmed the location of the obstruction and subtle open mouth breathing. Pharyngoscopy further confirmed epiglottic displacement. In addition to antimicrobial therapy, three fluoroscopic balloon dilation procedures were performed to address the nasopharyngeal stenosis. Clinical signs improved during treatment course, and epiglottic displacement was resolved at the time of the third procedure. The rabbit was healthy 18 months after the last procedure. Nasopharyngeal stenosis should be considered a differential diagnosis for upper respiratory signs in rabbits. This rabbit was likely able to breathe through the oral cavity due to chronic epiglottic displacement secondary to the upper airway obstruction. Fluoroscopic-assisted balloon dilation was successful to treat this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes and complications of tracheal resection and anastomosis in dogs and cats: 20 cases (2009-2022).","authors":"E Gaudio, V J Lipscomb, M Cantatore, K Blacklock, M Gosling, M Jack, T Charlesworth, C J Shales","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report clinical presentation, short-term outcome and complications of tracheal resection and anastomosis in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical records of pets treated with tracheal resection and anastomosis in seven UK-based veterinary referral centres were retrospectively reviewed (2009 to 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty client-owned pets (eight dogs; 12 cats) were included. Clinical signs comprised dyspnoea (n = 15), stridor (n = 5), subcutaneous emphysema (n = 3), pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum (n = 1), coughing (n = 3), regurgitation (n = 1) and exercise intolerance (n = 1). Indication for surgery was traumatic tracheal rupture (n = 5), tracheal avulsion (n = 7), neoplasia (n = 5) and stenosis (n = 3). Complications occurred in 15 patients (75%). Non-anastomotic complications occurred in nine patients and consisted of cough (n = 5), self-resolving laryngeal paralysis (n = 1), surgical site infection (n = 1) and septic shock (n = 2). Anastomotic complications occurred in seven patients and consisted of anastomotic dehiscence (n = 1), tracheal stenosis (n = 4) and fatal respiratory failure (n = 2). Revision surgery was performed in two dogs due to anastomotic dehiscence and stenosis, and tracheal stenting was performed in one cat due to stenosis. Sixteen patients survived to hospital discharge and 14 survived to latest follow-up (median: 119 days; range: 14 to 1744). Outcome was scored as excellent in five, good in seven, fair in two and poor in six patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Tracheal resection and anastomosis is the surgical technique of choice to reconstruct tracheal defects. Although more than half of the patients recovered well, high morbidity and mortality rates were documented. This may be due to the severe comorbidities affecting most tracheal resection and anastomosis patients, as well as the client's decision against further treatment when facing serious post-operative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}