Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"Use of a periodontal resective procedure (proximal wedge technique) for treating gingival and periodontal pockets of mandibular canine teeth in dogs.","authors":"J R Mathis, K I Scott, H B Lobprise","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the ability of a periodontal resective procedure (the Proximal Wedge Technique) to improve the long-term health of the mandibular canines by reducing probing depths immediately post-surgery via targeted tissue recontouring and precise debridement. The technique aims to enhance periodontal health and stabilize the supporting structures of strategically important adjacent canine teeth, including alveolar bone, rather than relying solely on mandibular incisor extractions with simple closure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective records review compiled data from patients with suprabony pockets of 6 mm or greater at the mesial aspect of the mandibular canines treated with the proximal wedge technique (PWT). The PWT utilizes non-displaced gingival flaps combining concepts from the modified Widman flap and distal wedge procedures with selective osteoplasty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one mandibular canine sites from 12 patients of various breeds with pocket depths ranging from 6 to 10 mm were treated with the PWT resulting in post-operative mean pocket depths of 1.7 ± 0.1 mm. Approximately 1 year later, the improved depths were unchanged in six of the patients comprising 12 of the 21 sites.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>By employing this method, veterinarians can enhance periodontal health and stabilize the supporting structures of strategically important adjacent canine teeth, including alveolar bone, rather than relying solely on mandibular incisor extractions with simple closure. The Proximal Wedge Technique resulted in reliable periodontal success and improved patient outcomes for one year and potentially longer, allowing retention of the mandibular canines and maintaining the integrity of the rostral mandible.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menrath ulcers in cats: four cases (2014-2023).","authors":"K Whybrow, T Hernon, M Pilot","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of four cats diagnosed with Menrath ulcers causing significant oral haemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For all cats, data on signalment, history, physical examination, treatment and outcomes were collected by reviewing medical records. Information regarding outcomes was collected from communication logs between primary care veterinarians and owners, and the original case clinicians after discharge of the patient from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four cats were included. All patients survived to discharge. Follow-up outcomes were available between 1 and 8.5 months post discharge. Post-operative complications were classified according to The Accordion Severity Classification of Post-operative Complications. Two of the four patients had recurrence of oral haemorrhage post-ligation originating from the major palatine artery. One classified as a severe complication, due to requiring revision surgery of the ipsilateral major palatine artery. The other classified as mild, since the patient was managed conservatively. Additionally, one patient was documented to have developed an acquired palatal defect post-operatively.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This is the largest case series of Menrath ulcers to date and the first to describe post-operative complications including acquired palatal defect and recurrence of oral haemorrhage from the original ulcer despite ligation of the ipsilateral major palatine artery.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercalcaemia in association with Sertoli cell tumour in a dog.","authors":"K Strait, M A Mickelson, I Hildebrandt, O Skinner","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 9-year-old, presumed male castrated mixed breed dog was evaluated for lethargy, hyporexia, polyuria, polydipsia and diffuse gynaecomastia. Bloodwork revealed severe hypercalcaemia and hyposthenuria. CT scan showed a caudal abdominal mass consistent with a Sertoli cell tumour on cytology. Diffuse, nodular mammary gland enlargement was consistent with mammary gland hyperplasia on cytology. A malignancy panel was inconsistent with hyperparathyroidism and showed a normal PTHrP. Abdominal exploratory laparotomy, abdominal mass resections and right chain mammectomy were performed. Sertoli cell tumour and mammary gland hyperplasia were confirmed via histopathology. Hypercalcaemia decreased to within normal range and gynaecomastia in the left mammary chain resolved postoperatively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of hypercalcaemia associated with Sertoli cell tumour in a dog. While several mechanisms have been proposed for hypercalcaemia of malignancy, the mechanism is unclear in this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and postbiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health in cats: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Á López Martí, C Montero Palma, H López Martí, A Ranchal Sánchez","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The clinical efficacy of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics (biotics) in cats is unknown, despite their use in daily practice. The objectives of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biotic supplementation in treating and preventing gastroenteropathies, and in reducing gastrointestinal signs associated with antibiotics in cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted by searching four databases for publications before August 2, 2024, following a pre-registered protocol. Eligible publications were trials involving healthy cats or those with gastroenteropathies, supplemented with biotics (and an inactive control), studying outcomes such as faecal consistency, faecal microbiota or vomiting. Risk of bias and quality of reports were assessed. Effects were synthesised by meta-analyses and vote counting based on direction of effect. Certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty reports were included, presenting unclear or low risk of bias. The evidence did not permit a high-confidence evaluation of the effectiveness of biotics, although five of the seven probiotic trials showed beneficial effects on faecal consistency. Synbiotics presented no clinically relevant effect in reducing antibiotics-associated vomiting, with very low certainty, in a meta-analysis including 32 adult cats. Probiotics significantly reduce the Bacillota/Actinomycetota ratio, with low certainty, in a meta-analysis involving 34 healthy young-adult cats. Following vote counting, probiotics improved immune profile in young cats, and increased butyric acid concentration in healthy cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Current data highlight the need for further research, especially focused on at-risk groups and sick cats, before advocating the use of biotic supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of removal of intestinal foreign bodies using orogastric retrieval techniques versus gastrotomies in dogs and cats.","authors":"B Prettegiani, K Maritato","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study is to describe a surgical technique of intestinal foreign body retrieval without gastrotomy using an endoscopic grasper and digital manipulation, and to compare short-term outcomes with patients who had similar obstructive intestinal foreign bodies removed via gastrotomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Medical records of dogs and cats with intestinal foreign bodies that underwent treatment with either the orogastric retrieval technique or gastrotomy between November 2021 and July 2023 were extracted. A comparison of the short-term outcomes was performed between the techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty cases were enrolled with all cases having material manipulated out of the obstructive location in the intestinal tract and removed either by gastrotomy or orogastric retrieval via digital manipulation of the material into an endoscopic grasper or orogastric tube. No statistical differences were appreciated in intra-operative or post-operative complication rate, time to first meal or time to discharge. The gastrotomy procedures took 11.98 minutes longer than the endoscopic retrieval group.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Surgical removal of foreign bodies through a laparotomy-assisted orogastric retrieval technique is possible without the assistance of an endoscopy unit and offered no difference in complication rate or surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverted supracondylar femoral dynamic compression plates for revision of construct failure following tibial cranial closing wedge ostectomy in three dogs.","authors":"S Wells, J Winter, M Pead, R Meeson","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Construct failure is a rare complication of tibial cranial closing wedge ostectomy for the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease. Construct failure can present significant challenges for reconstruction. This case report describes three dogs with construct failure which were successfully revised by the repurposing of an inverted femoral supracondylar femoral plate as part of the revision. Data were obtained from the medical records and telephone update. The use of an inverted supracondylar plate in the proximal tibia generally had good outcomes for the management of bone implant failure following cranial closing wedge ostectomy and offers a hitherto undescribed technique using a low-cost and accessible implant for repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic and abdominal diagnostic imaging findings in dogs diagnosed with immune-mediated polyarthritis: 71 cases (2011-2023).","authors":"L Atkinson, F Schiborra, E O'Connell, J Barton, W Humphreys","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe thoracic and abdominal imaging findings in dogs with immune-mediated polyarthritis and to evaluate their impact on the decision to commence immunosuppressive therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective case series describing imaging findings in dogs with immune-mediated polyarthritis across modalities, including thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and where available, echocardiography. Additionally, two internal medicine clinicians reviewed the signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings and diagnostic imaging results on two separate occasions, reaching a consensus for each dog on whether immunosuppression would be their treatment of choice or whether their recommendations would be altered by the results of diagnostic imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Abnormal diagnostic imaging findings were identified in 25.4% (18/71) of dogs. Thoracic radiography did not identify significant imaging findings in any of the dogs. Lymphadenomegaly was the most commonly reported finding on computed tomography (32/40) and abdominal ultrasound (13/34). Neoplasia was identified in three dogs (3/71). Four (4/13) dogs had echocardiography findings consistent with endocarditis. Immunosuppression without performing diagnostic imaging would have been considered in 41 of 71 (57.7%) dogs, based on the signalment, presenting signs, results of physical examination and clinicopathological testing. Of these, 10 dogs (24.3%) had diagnostic imaging findings suggestive of an underlying trigger, therefore changing the clinician's decision to proceed with immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Abdominal imaging and echocardiography should be prioritised over thoracic radiography, in dogs with immune-mediated polyarthritis. Signalment, presenting complaint, physical examination findings and clinicopathological results are not reliable predictors of abnormal diagnostic imaging findings in dogs with immune-mediated polyarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of 10% buffered formalin as a preservative agent when cerebrospinal fluid analysis is delayed.","authors":"S Aspinall, M Gruarin, A Holmes","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the utility of 10% buffered formalin in preserving canine cerebrospinal fluid samples when analysis was delayed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria were dogs >10 kg having cerebrospinal fluid analysis performed as part of investigations at a referral hospital. Samples were submitted to an external laboratory in tubes containing Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ETDA) as paired 0.5 mL samples; one with the addition of 0.05 mL of 10% buffered formalin and the other without. The samples were reviewed by a single pathologist who was blinded as to which sample contained formalin. Nucleated cell preservation was graded by the pathologist from 1 to 4 (1 being poor and 4 being excellent). Total protein was measured in both samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five paired samples were included. There was no significant difference in detectability of nucleated cells between plain and formalin samples. Grade 3 was taken as the cut off for acceptable cell preservation. Based on all available samples and assessing the preservation of both nucleated cells and red blood cells, samples containing formalin were significantly more likely to be acceptably preserved. This preservation analysis was repeated on the 17 samples with at least one nucleated cell in both formalin and plain samples and was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The addition of formalin did not significantly improve the preservation of cerebrospinal fluid samples when analysis was delayed; however, concerns raised by previous authors regarding reduced cell preservation with addition of formalin were also not confirmed. Further large-scale studies are required to investigate the effect on nucleated cell preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using veterinary health records at scale to investigate ageing dogs and their common issues in primary care","authors":"J. Jackson,&nbsp;A. D. Radford,&nbsp;Z. Belshaw,&nbsp;L. J. Wallis,&nbsp;E. Kubinyi,&nbsp;A. J. German,&nbsp;C. Westgarth","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13809","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13809","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The UK dog population is living longer, raising concerns about their welfare as a result of ageing-related diseases. Our primary objective was to determine when dogs enter the “old age” life stage based on free-text clinical narratives in veterinary electronic health records. In addition, to identify common conditions documented during consultations with old dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regular expressions were developed for: ageing, elderly, geriatric, senior and old. These were used to search the veterinary clinical narratives within a large database of veterinary electronic health records. A sample of 1000 consultations were then read, and those confirmed as being old age classified according to a modified scheme based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Disease 10th Revision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 832 old age dogs were identified. The age at which veterinary professionals considered dogs to be in old age was over 7.25 years in 95% of patients (median age 12.5 years). This age varied among the most common breeds, with cocker spaniels being younger (median 11.7 years) compared with Jack Russell terriers (14.1 years). Weight-related (289/832 consultations, 35%), musculoskeletal (278, 33%), dental (254, 31%), integumentary (235, 28%) and digestive (187, 22%) conditions were most common. The odds of a dental condition were greater (odds ratio: 2.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.38 to 5.31) and musculoskeletal condition less (odds ratio: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.17 to 0.81) in cocker spaniels than in a mixed breeds reference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This metric applied at scale to identify old patients may provide a novel foundation for timely health interventions targeted to dogs at increased risk of developing various age-related conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"66 2","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningeal null cell lymphoma causing diffuse pachymeningeal contrast enhancement in a dog","authors":"M. Madden,&nbsp;N. Israeliantz,&nbsp;A. Malbon,&nbsp;C. Piccinelli,&nbsp;K. Marioni-Henry,&nbsp;T. Schwarz,&nbsp;A. Suñol","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13810","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13810","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diffuse pachymeningeal contrast enhancement is an uncommon imaging finding in dogs and current understanding of its aetiologies in veterinary medicine is limited. A 2-year-old female neutered Pug presented with chronic progressive vestibular signs, facial nerve paralysis, obtundation and episodic decerebellate rigidity. A magnetic resonance imaging study of the head revealed diffuse pachymeningeal thickening and contrast enhancement involving the caudal fossa and falx cerebri. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed marked neutrophilic pleocytosis. Infectious disease testing was negative and a tentative diagnosis of intracranial idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis was made. Immunosuppressive treatment resulted in a short period of clinical improvement. The patient subsequently suffered multiple relapses which failed to respond to alternative immunosuppressive strategies, necessitating euthanasia. Histopathological findings supported a meningeal null cell lymphoma. While rare, neoplastic causes of diffuse pachymeningeal thickening and contrast enhancement should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"66 3","pages":"209-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}