Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of structural and idiopathic epilepsy in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs in the context of the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force guidelines.","authors":"A Prodger, S Khan, G Harris","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the relative prevalence of structural and idiopathic epilepsy in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds in the context of the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force guidelines. A secondary objective was to compare the age at diagnosis of structural epilepsy in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for dogs presenting to a single centre for investigation of generalised seizures. Patients were categorised based upon skull conformation, age, interictal neurological examination and the presence of structural lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging that were deemed likely to cause seizures. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and Bayesian analysis of the data were performed to investigate the associations between skull conformation, the presence of structural lesions and the age of onset of structural epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A structural lesion was identified as the probable cause of seizures in 34.2% (38/111) of dogs. 61.8% of brachycephalic dogs had a structural lesion compared to 22.1% of non-brachycephalic dogs. 33.3% of brachycephalic dogs aged 6 months to 6 years with a normal interictal neurological examination were diagnosed with a structural lesion compared to 0% of non-brachycephalic dogs in this age category. The median age at diagnosis of structural epilepsy in brachycephalic dogs (60 months) differed significantly from that of non-brachycephalic dogs (108 months).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Brachycephaly was identified as a risk factor for structural epilepsy in this study population, suggesting that magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis should be more strongly considered in brachycephalic dogs who otherwise satisfy a tier I confidence level diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, independent of the interictal neurological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine bilateral zygomatic sialadenitis: 20 cases (2000-2019).","authors":"A E Enache, S Maini, M Pivetta, E Jeanes, L Fleming, C Hartley, R Tetas Pont","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe clinical findings, cross-sectional imaging features, management and outcome of dogs with bilateral zygomatic sialadenitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical databases of three referral institutions were searched for dogs diagnosed with bilateral zygomatic sialadenitis who underwent magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the head. Signalment, history, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty dogs with a mean age (±SD) of 7.1 (±2.7) years were included; Labradors were overrepresented (10/20). Common clinical signs included pain on opening the mouth (18/20), conjunctival hyperaemia (16/20), exophthalmos (15/20), periorbital pain (15/20), third eyelid protrusion (11/20) and resistance to retropulsion of the globes (11/20). Fifteen of twenty dogs had at least one concurrent systemic disease: skin allergy (5/15), hypertension (3/15), gastrointestinal (3/15), kidney (3/15), neurological (3/15) and periodontal disease (2/15), pancreatitis (2/15) and neoplasia (2/15). Neutrophilia (9/18) and leukocytosis (7/18) were the most common haematological abnormalities. When performed (11/20), aspiration cytology revealed predominantly degenerate neutrophils (9/11) and only 2/9 culture samples yielded bacterial growth. The zygomatic glands were predominantly hyperintense on both T1 and T2-weighted images (22/24) and symmetrically enlarged (20/24) with marked and heterogeneous contrast enhancement (18/24). In the computed tomography studies, the zygomatic glands were all hyperattenuating and contrast enhancing. Treatment included systemic antimicrobial (18/20), anti-inflammatory (14/20) and supportive treatment (16/20). Clinical signs improved in 16/20 dogs; however, 4/20 dogs were euthanised due to severe systemic disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Bilateral zygomatic sialadenitis is frequently associated with systemic disease in dogs. Clinical signs generally improve with systemic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and supportive treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transarterial embolisation in the treatment of persistent haematuria in two dogs with lower urinary tract carcinoma.","authors":"S Jeon, G Lee, N Lee, D Chang","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two dogs with haematuria and frequent urination were referred to our veterinary hospital. They were diagnosed with lower urinary tract carcinoma based on urine cytology and BRAF mutation testing. Transarterial embolisation was performed because of persistent haematuria. This procedure involved super-selective catheterisation and embolisation of the tumour-feeding arteries using gelatine sponge particles, achieving near stasis. After transarterial embolisation, both patients showed resolution of haematuria within 4 days and a marked reduction in tumour volume after 1 month. However, both patients experienced recurrence of haematuria 4 to 6 weeks after the procedure, leading to a second embolisation being performed for each. Following the second embolisation, the haematuria resolved again. Transarterial embolisation could provide benefits for managing persistent haematuria and provides local tumour control in dogs with lower urinary tract carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'WSAVA guidelines for the control of reproduction in dogs and cats'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glove and instrument handling in small animal oncological surgeries: a survey.","authors":"E Orjefelt, J R D MacKay, K L Bowlt Blacklock","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate veterinary surgeons' awareness of the potential for surgical gloves and instruments to act as vectors for tumour seeding in small animal oncological surgery and to assess the use of specific protocols to mitigate this risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 21-question survey was developed and distributed to small animal veterinary surgeons, focusing on practices related to glove and instrument handling during oncological surgeries. The survey targeted veterinary surgeons who regularly performed oncological procedures, and was analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 194 veterinary surgeons participated. Most respondents (89%) reported changing gloves and instruments during oncological surgeries to avoid tumour seeding. Surgeons with advanced qualifications and those working in referral hospitals were more likely to implement these practices. Additionally, surgeons with a higher oncological caseload were more likely to follow protocols for wound protection. The majority (74%) of respondents believed that there was a risk of neoplastic cells on gloves or instruments, and 98% expressed a strong interest in evidence-based guidelines.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study highlights a significant awareness among veterinary surgeons regarding the risk of tumour seeding through surgical gloves and instruments. There is a clear willingness among practitioners to adopt new guidelines and improve practices based on emerging evidence, indicating a potential shift towards more stringent protocols in small animal oncological surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic features of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy.","authors":"R P Lee, E E Huguet, D B Adin, J A Hernandez, C R Berry, F Vilaplana Grosso","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of acquired cardiac disorder in dogs, second only to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). This study aimed to describe the thoracic radiographic features of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs with DCM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thoracic radiographs of dogs in left-sided congestive heart failure with an echocardiographically confirmed diagnosis of DCM were included in this retrospective study. Radiographs were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists to assess the distribution, severity and characteristics of the pulmonary pattern, as well as to identify the presence of pleural effusion and degree of cardiomegaly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 97 dogs with L-CHF due to DCM met the inclusion criteria. Results of the study suggest that the predominant pulmonary pattern differs from myxomatous mitral valve disease and is characterised by a mild to moderate (62/97 or 63.9% and 30/97 or 30.9%, respectively), unstructured interstitial (72 or 74.2%), diffuse (90 or 92.8%) and predominantly ventrally distributed (52 or 53.6%) pulmonary pattern. A subset of dogs (49 or 50.5%) had diffusely distributed linear soft tissue opacities throughout all lung lobes considered to represent pulmonary vascular congestion, bronchial cuffing and/or thickening of the bronchi.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The pulmonary pattern of L-CHF with DCM differs from what has been previously reported for dogs with MMVD. The predominant pulmonary pattern with L-CHF in dogs with DCM was a diffuse, marked, more severely ventrally distributed, mild to moderate, unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 following intravenous remdesivir in six cats and results of therapeutic drug monitoring during treatment of feline infectious peritonitis: 22 cases (2021-2024).","authors":"S J Coggins, M Govendir, J M Norris, R Malik, E J Hall, M F Thompson, B Kimble","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to: (1) characterise the pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 following intravenous (iv) administration of 15 mg/kg remdesivir (RDV) in client-owned cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP); (2) document plasma protein binding of GS-441524 in cats; (3) determine whether trough GS-441524 plasma concentrations predict 'simple remission' or survival to 18 months; (4) measure GS-441524 concentration in effusions relative to plasma; and (5) qualitatively assess excretion of GS-441524 in urine.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six cats with FIP were administered 15 mg/kg iv RDV. Serial plasma GS-441524 concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-two cats with FIP had trough plasma concentrations monitored over a 12-week treatment period. Simultaneous effusion and plasma GS-441524 concentrations were compared, and urine was assessed for GS-441524 excretion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean peak plasma concentration of GS-441524 (C_max) after a single 15 mg/kg iv dose of RDV was 2632 ng/mL (SD 862); time to reach C_max (T_max) was 1 hour (SD 0); and elimination half-life (t_1/2) was 5.14 hours (SD 0.81). GS-441524 was present in effusions (n = 3 cats) and eliminated in urine following treatment (n = 6 cats). Assessment of the predictive relationship between median GS_TC and achieving 'simple remission' failed to demonstrate a significant correlation.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study supports the use of RDV and GS-441524 for FIP treatment and suggests that population pharmacokinetic modelling is required to better explore the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring of GS-441524.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomographic, cadaveric and clinical study of safe corridors for insertion of implants in the thoracolumbar spine of dogs and cats using a lateral approach.","authors":"R Lamère, S Scotti, M Saccone, L Meomartino, L Auletta, C Ragetly","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to: describe a lateral vertebral corridor (T6-L7) for the implantation of screws and polymethylmethacrylate to treat thoracolumbar vertebral injuries; assess the feasibility and safety of this approach using computed tomography; assess the learning curve of this technique in canine cadavers; and assess the outcomes in injured dogs and cats in a retrospective clinical study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Tomographic study: Lateral vertebral corridors were defined using computed tomography images of normal canine spines in the transverse plane. Cadaveric study: Corridors were drilled by a novice neurosurgeon on the cadavers, and deviation from an angle of 90° was evaluated on computed tomography in chronological order to assess the learning curve.</p><p><strong>Clinical study: </strong>The medical records (from 2008 to 2022) of dogs and cats treated for thoracolumbar vertebral injury using the lateral approach were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Computed tomography revealed that the lateral corridors were safe and effective. A progressive reduction in the deviation between the measured and ideal insertion angles was observed in the cadaveric part of the study. Overall, 17/30 animals (56.7%) regained the ability to walk without assistance postoperatively and 3/11 animals (27.3%) that had lost deep pain sensation. There were 3/30 (10%) minor complications and 8/30 (26.7%) major complications, including perioperative death and euthanasia.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Lateral vertebral corridors with an orientation angle of 90° may be safely used in caudal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T6-L7) in a freehand technique to treat vertebral fractures and/or luxations in dogs and cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple pathological bone fractures in a dog with adrenal-dependent Cushing's syndrome.","authors":"C Melián, L Pérez-López, M Encinoso, F Suárez-Cabrera, O Quesada-Canales, J R Jaber","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathological bone fractures may occur secondarily to Cushing's syndrome in people. Although low bone mineral density due to cortisol excess has been described in dogs, there is no evidence that dogs with Cushing's disease can develop osteoporosis or secondary bone fractures. Here, we report a case of a dog with Cushing's disease and multiple pathological bone fractures. A 14-year-old female spayed mixed-breed dog was attended due to progressive lethargy, weakness, difficulty moving, trembling and clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, alopecia and abdominal distension). After confirmation of the diagnosis of Cushing's disease and 2 days after starting trilostane treatment (0.27 mg/kg every 12 hours), the dog presented to our hospital with reluctance to rise. In the computed tomography scan, decreased bone density in cervical and thoracic vertebrae, ribs scapular bones and multiple rib fractures were detected. Despite 8 days of hospitalisation, reluctance to rise and walk persisted. Given the unfavourable progression of the diseases, the owner opted for euthanasia. Post mortem evaluation confirmed a cortical carcinoma of the left adrenal gland and thin, irregular spicules and trabeculae of compact bone and reduced thickness of the cortex of the ribs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of acepromazine vs. medetomidine on surgical time and complication rate during canine laparoscopic ovariectomy.","authors":"R Rennick, J K McClaran, D M Neilson, S Sanchis-Mora, T Sparks","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effect of acepromazine on surgical duration and complication rate when compared to medetomidine.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A randomised, prospective clinical study.</p><p><strong>Animal or sample population: </strong>Thirty-two female entire dog.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two female entire dogs undergoing elective laparoscopic ovariectomy (lap-ove). Dogs were randomly assigned to pre-medication Group M (medetomidine, n = 20), or Group A (acepromazine, n = 12). Anaesthesia protocol was standardised and monitored by one anaesthetist. The surgeons were blinded for the group allocation. Time was recorded at predetermined intra-operative points. Surgical difficulty was subjectively assessed intra-operatively, as well as objectively scored following review of the surgical recordings. Procedural complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± SD surgical time from skin incision to removal of both ovaries was 11.8 ± 1.8 minutes and did not differ significantly between the two groups (M: 11.7 ± 1.6, A: 11.9 ± 2.3). Across the entire study population surgical difficulty was assessed as 'easy' in 14 dogs (44%), 'medium' difficulty in 14 dogs (44%) and 'marked' difficulty in four dogs (12%), while complication rate was 12.5% in both groups. There were no significant differences in difficulty or complication rate between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Choice of pre-medication did not significantly affect any of the outcomes measured.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Acepromazine may be used for sedation as part of a balanced premedication protocol as an alternative to medetomidine in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy without significantly increasing the procedure time, surgical difficulty or complication rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}