Prevalence of structural and idiopathic epilepsy in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs in the context of the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force guidelines.
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Abstract
Objectives: To report the relative prevalence of structural and idiopathic epilepsy in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds in the context of the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force guidelines. A secondary objective was to compare the age at diagnosis of structural epilepsy in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs.
Materials and methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for dogs presenting to a single centre for investigation of generalised seizures. Patients were categorised based upon skull conformation, age, interictal neurological examination and the presence of structural lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging that were deemed likely to cause seizures. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and Bayesian analysis of the data were performed to investigate the associations between skull conformation, the presence of structural lesions and the age of onset of structural epilepsy.
Results: A structural lesion was identified as the probable cause of seizures in 34.2% (38/111) of dogs. 61.8% of brachycephalic dogs had a structural lesion compared to 22.1% of non-brachycephalic dogs. 33.3% of brachycephalic dogs aged 6 months to 6 years with a normal interictal neurological examination were diagnosed with a structural lesion compared to 0% of non-brachycephalic dogs in this age category. The median age at diagnosis of structural epilepsy in brachycephalic dogs (60 months) differed significantly from that of non-brachycephalic dogs (108 months).
Clinical significance: Brachycephaly was identified as a risk factor for structural epilepsy in this study population, suggesting that magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis should be more strongly considered in brachycephalic dogs who otherwise satisfy a tier I confidence level diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, independent of the interictal neurological examination.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Small Animal Practice (JSAP) is a monthly peer-reviewed publication integrating clinical research papers and case reports from international sources, covering all aspects of medicine and surgery relating to dogs, cats and other small animals. These papers facilitate the dissemination and implementation of new ideas and techniques relating to clinical veterinary practice, with the ultimate aim of promoting best practice. JSAP publishes high quality original articles, as well as other scientific and educational information. New developments are placed in perspective, encompassing new concepts and peer commentary. The target audience is veterinarians primarily engaged in the practise of small animal medicine and surgery.
In addition to original articles, JSAP will publish invited editorials (relating to a manuscript in the same issue or a topic of current interest), review articles, which provide in-depth discussion of important clinical issues, and other scientific and educational information from around the world.
The final decision on publication of a manuscript rests with the Editorial Board and ultimately with the Editor. All papers, regardless of type, represent the opinion of the authors and not necessarily that of the Editor, the Association or the Publisher.
The Journal of Small Animal Practice is published on behalf of the British Small Animal Veterinary Association and is also the official scientific journal of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association
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