Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol and the family: opportunities for prevention.","authors":"G M Boyd","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The intent of this supplement issue is to present current research on the role of families in the development of alcohol-related risk, to assess the potential of efficacy of family-based preventive interventions and to identify new directions for research.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism convened a working group of family and alcohol researchers in December 1996, to address these issues in a 2-day meeting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The articles presented in this supplement reflect the major presentations and discussions at that meeting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is theoretical and empirical support for the potential efficacy of universal and selective family-based preventive interventions for children. Studies testing the generalizability of intervention approaches are especially needed. Some additional preintervention research is needed, but should be directed toward questions with direct applicability to intervention development. Relatively little is known about family influences on adult risk, and the potential efficacy of family interventions for adults is not known at this time.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent individuation and alcohol use.","authors":"P E Baer,&nbsp;J H Bray","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates a developmental psychosocial model of adolescent drinking. Specifically, the role of two aspects of adolescent individuation-separation and intergenerational individuation-is examined within the context of family dynamics, stress and peer associations. These measures parallel an ongoing debate regarding the nature of individuation. The separation measure captures aspects of individuation related to detachment or rebelliousness. Intergenerational individuation measures increasing self-reliance and control with maintenance of supportive family bonds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A structural equation model describing adolescent alcohol use as a function of two measures of individuation, family conflict, communication with mother, stress and peer use of alcohol was tested in two independent samples. The first included 6th- through 12th-grade adolescents and the second was composed of 6th- through 8th-grade students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both studies, significant direct and indirect paths were found from individuation measures and family, peer use and stress constructs to adolescent alcohol use. Separation had a stronger relationship to alcohol use than did intergenerational individuation and was associated with higher levels of stress and alcohol use by peers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings support the role of individuation as a contributing factor in adolescent alcohol use. They indicate the importance of family and parent-adolescent relationships in adolescent alcohol use and suggest directions for both family-based and school-based preventive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"52-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-child relationships, child temperament profiles and children's alcohol use norms.","authors":"G H Brody,&nbsp;D L Flor,&nbsp;N Hollett-Wright,&nbsp;J K McCoy,&nbsp;J Donovan","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of child temperament, parents' alcohol use norms for their children and parent-child relationship quality to children's alcohol use norms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Observational and self-report data on these variables were gathered from mothers, fathers and target children during home visits to a purposive random sample of 171 intact white families with a 10- to 12-year-old child, 85 with girls and 86 with boys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Liberality in children's norms was associated with active, sensation-seeking temperament, liberality in parents' norms and poor parent-child relationship quality. Positive parent-child, particularly father-child, relationships were associated with less liberal child norms even when parents' norms were liberal and children's temperaments were active and sensation oriented.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Positive parent-child relationships have a conventionalizing effect on children's alcohol use norms that moderates the effects of temperament and parental norms. The development of alcohol use norms is best described by transactional models.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial and socioregional environmental effects on abstinence from alcohol at age sixteen.","authors":"R J Rose,&nbsp;J Kaprio,&nbsp;T Winter,&nbsp;M Koskenvuo,&nbsp;R J Viken","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study identifies, in genetically informative data, familial and socioregional environmental influences on abstinence from alcohol at age 16.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data are from FinnTwin 16, a population-based study of five consecutive birth cohorts of Finnish twins (N = 5,747 twin individuals), yielding 2,711 pairs of known zygosity. Measures of alcohol use, embedded into a health-habits questionnaire, were taken from earlier epidemiological research with nontwin Finnish adolescents. The questionnaire was administered sequentially to all twins as they reached age 16. Separate questionnaires, including measures of alcohol use and screening questions for alcohol problems, were received from 5,243 of the twins' parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abstinence from alcohol to age 16 exhibits very significant familial aggregation, largely due to nongenetic influences. Abstinence rates are influenced by socioregional variation, sibling interaction effects and parental drinking patterns. Sibling and parental influences are greater in some regional environments than in others: the relative likelihood that a twin abstains, given that the co-twin does, or that both parents do, is shown to be modulated by socioregional variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Environmental contexts affect the likelihood of maintaining abstinence from alcohol to midadolescence, and socioregional variation modulates influences of siblings and parents. The results illustrate how genetically informative data can inform prevention research by identifying target variables for intervention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol initiation outcomes of universal family-focused preventive interventions: one- and two-year follow-ups of a controlled study.","authors":"R Spoth,&nbsp;C Redmond,&nbsp;H Lepper","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article summarizes the literature on alcohol initiation outcomes of universal family interventions and examines the long-term effects of the Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP) on these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A longitudinal, controlled efficacy study of the ISFP was conducted with 446 families from 22 rural school districts in a Midwestern state. Alcohol initiation behaviors were measured by a four-item index (Alcohol Initiation Index [AII]), with low scores representing a lower level of alcohol initiation. The AII was examined using mixed-model analyses of covariance. Relative reduction rates for individual initiation behaviors and initiation differences among higher- and lower-dosage intervention groups were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AII scores were significantly lower among intervention group adolescents than among control group adolescents at 1- and 2-year follow-up assessments. Relative-reduction rate differences between intervention and control groups on specific alcohol initiation behaviors (e.g., onset of drinking without parental permission, onset of drunkenness) ranged from approximately 30% to 60%. Dosage-related initiation differences were evident only at the 1-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Studies indicating the public health benefits of universal interventions that delay the initiation of alcohol use also underscore the importance of the current line of investigation. All effect sizes and relative reduction rates of specific alcohol initiation behaviors suggest the practical significance of the findings. The gap in the prevention outcome knowledge base in this area of investigation could be filled with more rigorous universal family-focused intervention studies that address a wide range of implementation and methodological issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"103-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Husband's and wife's drinking: unilateral or bilateral influences among newlyweds in a general population sample.","authors":"K E Leonard,&nbsp;R Das Eiden","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is often assumed that a husband's drinking influences his wife's drinking, but that the wife's drinking has no impact on her husband's drinking. However, there are little data that examine this. This article explores drinking patterns over the transition to marriage to assess whether changes in drinking patterns are influenced by the spouse's drinking and whether this influence is comparable for husbands and wives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Approximately 500 husbands and wives were recruited after applying for their marriage licenses and participated in a longitudinal study of alcohol and marriage. Couples completed questionnaires that assessed alcohol use over the preceding year. These questionnaires were completed at the time of marriage and at the first anniversary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural equation models were used to examine the longitudinal relationships between husband and wife drinking. The final model indicated that husbands and wives manifested similar drinking patterns at the time of marriage that could not be attributed to sociodemographic factors. Husbands' drinking at premarriage was significantly associated with wives' drinking after marriage, but the reverse was not true.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that husbands and wives display similar patterns in alcohol use, in part because husbands and wives marry similar individuals and because common life experiences impact the drinking of couples in a comparable manner. The similarity also occurs as the reflection of a husband influence on the wife. However, this process appears to be unilateral in that there was no evidence that the wife's drinking had an impact on the drinking of her husband.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"130-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21095506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextualizing family risk factors for alcoholism and alcohol abuse.","authors":"H I McCubbin,&nbsp;M A McCubbin,&nbsp;A I Thompson,&nbsp;S Y Han","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Studies of alcohol and the family should represent the full range of family types in the U.S. population. Developments from studies of family systems in other research contexts may be usefully applied to the alcohol field.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This commentary highlights important methodological and conceptual issues relevant for the design and conduct of family research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data indicate major changes in the composition of the American family over the past quarter century. Some recent conceptual developments in the field of family research are relevant for studies of alcohol and the family and for intervention development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Family-based alcohol research should acknowledge and address the heterogeneity that exists among modern American families. Studies of family risk and resiliency should distinguish between threats to the family's ability to function as a whole, and threats to the well-being of individual members. Additional research is needed on the role of race and ethnicity in family processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"75-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early family-based intervention in the path to alcohol problems: rationale and relationship between treatment process characteristics and child and parenting outcomes.","authors":"C L Nye,&nbsp;R A Zucker,&nbsp;H E Fitzgerald","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Risk for subsequent development of alcohol problems is not uniform across the population of alcoholic families, but varies with parental comorbidity and family history. Recent studies have also identified disruptive child behavior problems in the preschool years as predictive of alcoholism in adulthood. Given the quality of risk structure in highest risk families, prevention programming is more appropriately family based rather than individual.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A family-based intervention program for the prevention of conduct problems among preschool-age sons of alcoholic fathers was implemented to change this potential mediating risk structure. A population-based recruitment strategy enrolled 52 alcoholic families in a 10-month intervention involving parent training and marital problem solving. The study examined the interplay between parent treatment investment and parent and therapist expectations and satisfaction in predicting change in child behavior and authoritative parenting style during the program, and for 6 months afterward among the 29 families whose sustained involvement allowed these effects to be evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parent expectations at pretreatment influenced their early investment in the program, which in turn predicted child and parenting outcomes. Parent and therapist satisfaction ratings during treatment were associated with one another and with expectations that the program would continue to promote changes in their child. Parent investment was a particularly salient influence on outcome, as higher investment throughout the program was associated with improvement in child behavior and authoritative parenting at termination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that treatment process characteristics mediate the influence of baseline parent functioning on treatment success and that treatment changes themselves predict later child outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoholism treatment and the family: do family and individual treatments for alcoholic adults have preventive effects for children?","authors":"T J O'Farrell,&nbsp;M Feehan","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article identifies findings on alcoholism treatment and the family that may have implications for prevention of mental health and substance abuse problems in children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a brief overview of research on family treatment for alcoholism and on family adjustment after individual treatment for the alcoholic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral couples therapy with alcoholics and remission after individual alcoholism treatment have been associated with improved family functioning in a variety of domains, including reduced family stressors; improved marital adjustment; reduced domestic violence and verbal conflict; reduced risk of separation and divorce; improvement in important family processes related to cohesion, conflict and caring; and reduced emotional distress in spouses. These family factors have been linked with child mental health and psychosocial functioning in more general child developmental and psychopathology studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research is needed to find out whether behavioral couples therapy or individual treatment for an alcoholic parent has beneficial and preventive effects for children, reducing their risk for mental health and substance abuse problems. Studies should determine whether there is a specific link between (a) improvements in family stressors, violence and verbal aggression, marital adjustment and stability and (b) child, adolescent and young adult outcomes for the children in these families.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"125-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21095505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of peers' alcohol consumption on parental influence: a cognitive mediational model.","authors":"M Gerrard,&nbsp;F X Gibbons,&nbsp;L Zhao,&nbsp;D W Russell,&nbsp;M Reis-Bergan","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study was designed to elucidate familial and social influences on adolescent alcohol consumption by testing three hypotheses derived from the prototype/willingness model of adolescent risk behavior: (1) parents' prototypes of adolescent drinkers affect adolescent consumption through their impact on adolescents' prototypes, (2) strong parent-child relationships are associated with acceptance of parental influence regarding drinking and thus with less adolescent drinking and (3) association with peers who drink dilutes parental influence over adolescents' alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two hundred sixty-six rural adolescents, ages 15 through 17 at Time 1, and their parents and siblings completed questionnaires about drinking behavior and drinking-related cognitions at 1-year intervals for 3 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural equation models provided evidence of transmission of prototypes of adolescent drinkers from parents to adolescents and evidence that these prototypes mediate adolescent alcohol consumption. They also provide evidence that although parents' prototypes and parent-adolescent relationships are important in shaping the adolescents' drinking, association with peers who drink significantly attenuates this influence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest that parents can influence their children's drinking, but that this influence has more of an impact if the adolescent is not involved in a drinking-conducive peer environment. The current analyses also suggest that the process of becoming an adolescent drinker involves an active rejection of parents' influence rather than a passive movement away from parents' attitudes and beliefs-a process that is accelerated by association with peers who drink.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"32-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.32","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}