Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement最新文献_第6页

Cultural and familial influences that maintain the negative meaning of alcohol. 保持酒精负面意义的文化和家庭影响。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.79

P B Johnson, H L Johnson

{"title":"Cultural and familial influences that maintain the negative meaning of alcohol.","authors":"P B Johnson, H L Johnson","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.79","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this overview is to highlight the ways that cultural and familial factors may buffer children and adolescents from initiating alcohol use.Method: This article uses the findings from studies of black and Hispanic adolescent and adult alcohol use to identify potentially important cultural and familial variables that buffer these groups from early alcohol use and misuse, abuse or dependence.Results: We begin with the notion that negative beliefs regarding alcohol and its effects protect young children from early alcohol involvement. We then consider how, for blacks and Hispanics, family structure, parent-child interaction patterns and value orientations function to maintain these negative belief schemas, thereby protecting children and adolescents from involvement with alcohol.Conclusions: We conclude by emphasizing the importance of studying \"nonmainstream\" groups who are more likely to abstain from alcohol use. In doing this, research can more easily identify those family practices that produce the negative beliefs about alcohol consumption and thereby prevent early experimentation and adolescent alcohol abuse.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Parent-based intervention strategies to reduce adolescent alcohol-impaired driving. 减少青少年酒后驾驶的家长干预策略。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.84

J Jaccard, R Turrisi

引用次数: 31

Project Northland: comprehensive alcohol use prevention for young adolescents, their parents, schools, peers and communities. 北国项目:全面预防青少年及其父母、学校、同龄人和社区的酒精使用。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.112

C L Williams, C L Perry, K Farbakhsh, S Veblen-Mortenson

{"title":"Project Northland: comprehensive alcohol use prevention for young adolescents, their parents, schools, peers and communities.","authors":"C L Williams, C L Perry, K Farbakhsh, S Veblen-Mortenson","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.112","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Project Northland is an ongoing prevention trial with the objective of reducing underage drinking and related problems. Phase I focused on early adolescence and this study describes the multiple interventions, highlighting its parent components.Method: A cohort design was used with sixth graders from 24 school districts (N = 2,35 1: 97% of the eligible population: 51.3% boys), randomly assigned to intervention or reference condition. Phase I ended in eighth grade (N = 1,901: 81% retention rate). Both demand and supply reduction guided the interventions. This study examined Project Northland's impact using MMPI-A scales assessing clinical problems related to adolescents' alcohol and other drug use (Alcohol/Drug Problems Proneness scale; Alcohol/Drug Problems Acknowledgement scale), as well as MMPI-A scales related to school functioning (Adolescent-School Problems Content scale: Adolescent-Low Aspirations Content scale) and family functioning (Adolescent-Family Problems Content scale).Results: Results showed significant reductions on the MMPI-A Proneness scale for those exposed to the interventions. The greatest program effects were among baseline nonusers of alcohol.Conclusions: Results suggest that the impact of Project Northland is not only on specifically targeted alcohol and drug use behaviors and their predictive factors, but also on intra-individual and familial factors generally considered precursors of more extensive problem behaviors and more resistant to change. Furthermore, the engaging home-based sixth-grade intervention, the Slick Tracy Home Team Program, is a promising population-based prevention approach that may generalize to other serious problems within a young person's family.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"112-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21095504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 96

A chronological review of empirical studies matching alcoholic clients to treatment. 按时间顺序回顾酒精客户与治疗匹配的实证研究。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.16

M E Mattson, J P Allen, R Longabaugh, C J Nickless, G J Connors, R M Kadden

引用次数: 90

Alcoholism treatment matching research: methodological and clinical issues. 酒精中毒治疗匹配研究:方法和临床问题。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.1994.S12.5

D. Donovan, M. Mattson

引用次数: 33

Reliability enhancement and estimation in multisite clinical trials. 多地点临床试验的可靠性增强和评估。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.130

F K Del Boca, T F Babor, B McRee

引用次数: 18

Clinical applications: the transition from research to practice. 临床应用:从研究到实践的过渡。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.163

M E Mattson, D M Donovan

{"title":"Clinical applications: the transition from research to practice.","authors":"M E Mattson, D M Donovan","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.163","url":null,"abstract":"As validated and improved alcoholism treatment methods emerge from Project MATCH and other studies, a dedicated and systematic effort will be needed to incorporate them into ongoing programs, to monitor their success in real world settings and to make adjustments and refinements as needed. Accomplishing this involves responsibilities for both researchers and practitioners. A complex continuum of activities designed to move interventions from research to practice is common to all therapeutic areas, with a fundamental component being researcher-provider interactions. Challenges include \"debunking\" myths; realistic evaluations of the feasibility of making changes in the treatment system; effective communication between providers and researchers; and proactive guidance from leaders who set standards of practice. Findings from relevant studies in alcoholism research can be assimilated into the treatment system with as little delay as possible as linkages between researchers and providers are strengthened. These linkages will be further strengthened by research in organizational, management and delivery mechanisms conducted by emerging applied research areas such as health services.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"163-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18725395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Issues in the development of client-treatment matching hypotheses. 客户-治疗匹配假说发展中的问题。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.46

R Longabaugh, P W Wirtz, C C DiClemente, M Litt

引用次数: 30

Ensuring balanced distribution of prognostic factors in treatment outcome research. 确保治疗结果研究中预后因素的均衡分布。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.70

R L Stout, P W Wirtz, J P Carbonari, F K Del Boca

{"title":"Ensuring balanced distribution of prognostic factors in treatment outcome research.","authors":"R L Stout, P W Wirtz, J P Carbonari, F K Del Boca","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.70","url":null,"abstract":"In comparative or matching research involving two or more treatments, the equivalence of the patient groups is of critical importance. In the past, equivalence has either been imposed by matching or balancing, or has been assured statistically by randomization. Matching and balancing, while useful in many contexts, nonetheless have important limitations, as does simple randomization. In recent years, a new tool has been developed that represents a compromise between balancing and randomization. This method, urn randomization, gives clinical investigators new options for improving the credibility of studies at a relatively modest cost. Urn randomization is randomization that is systematically based in favor of balancing. It can be used with several covariates, both marginally and jointly, producing optimal multivariate equivalence of treatment groups for large sample sizes. It preserves randomization as the primary basis for assignment to treatment and is less susceptible to experimenter bias or manipulation of the allocation process by staff than is balancing. Disadvantages include the fact that it is more difficult to implement, and that it violates the simple probability model of simple randomization. A number of research studies on addictions, including client-treatment matching trials, have used urn randomization. A summary of the mechanics of urn randomization is presented, and guidelines for its use in treatment studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"70-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18726087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 453

Quality of life as an outcome variable in alcoholism treatment research. 生活质量作为酒精中毒治疗研究的一个结果变量。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.119

R Longabaugh, M E Mattson, G J Connors, N L Cooney

{"title":"Quality of life as an outcome variable in alcoholism treatment research.","authors":"R Longabaugh, M E Mattson, G J Connors, N L Cooney","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.119","url":null,"abstract":"Although a number of approaches to measuring alcohol consumption are available, these alone do not reflect the full range of changes that may be associated with response to treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence. What constitutes a sufficient index of response to alcohol treatment? At the very least, research should measure negative consequences of alcohol consumption, although they may be difficult to specify beyond the client's own perception. Associations between alcohol consumption and dimensions of life quality may be negative or positive in value and may be broadly or narrowly conceptualized, depending upon the aims of the study. Although models exist for the conceptualization and measurement of many aspects of quality of life in alcoholism and other fields, much remains to be specified. Still to be accomplished is a careful examination of the interrelationships between alcohol consumption and specific dimensions of life quality, particularly as these interrelationships are affected by time since treatment and client characteristics among other potential mediators and moderators. Project MATCH has attempted a broad assessment of dimensions of life quality beyond alcohol consumption. These variables are viewed as secondary, rather than primary, measures of treatment outcome. The extent to which Project MATCH's strategy was effective is a question that will be answered when we examine the interrelationships among the various dimensions of outcome and the differential effects of treatments on these outcome dimensions.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"119-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18725389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 74